698 lines
73 KiB
XML
698 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="25143" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c489096b-11b5-48b9-bd0b-b08af903a201" ID-PMC="PMC6821834" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-134-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" ID-PubMed="31686954" ModsDocID="1314-2003-134-1" checkinTime="1571900138529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel, Aguilar, Reinaldo & Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2019" docId="A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 134: 1-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 134" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979" docTitle="Virola montana Santamaría-Aguilar & Aguilar & Lagomarsino 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" id="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="05B0E5AA9A175E549730B523BCD54C03" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732937537851" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BE41A99D33D02F2043E5A06A12C573B2">
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<mods:title id="85836343B9B3ED687F953530387FC024">A taxonomic synopsis of Virola (Myristicaceae) in Mesoamerica, including six new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3B0F95F32CEDA4C8BD07171197062FB7">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A46C08731A8D92A6615EBC1BF0DCAC6">Aguilar, Reinaldo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84D6259BABAF6EAECD3DA82BAED7D802">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3708D7422DF01AE6952392F0EA69E586">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3F1264C2A18D8A698BBE0CB39A5E48FE">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43BEB957642A248E6659112173F746A7">
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<mods:date id="D3061631424A035561743435C2270445">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C67E1DBE796DAF58A4B3A25D9C7FBDE9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E1B6C988AC690E3BE609A2573ECBE124">134</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8758156A21A4A3104FE48615AD8413BF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="0E4ADE159ECD366855864048B82B0909">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="6DA0E03FE3B1A15BD6826E324EA84857">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6913ECDE04663B1F2B17E6435AFAE448" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F04870514D4237B1D1F6DC0ACC9BE66" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-134-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159834609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A1E94AB74FA55164BE92C204B2AF880E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<subSubSection id="832946174E50AE39AB8F6DF67ACE9D35" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CA6AB85DD58F9EC4D359BF126E5BEF1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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10.
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<taxonomicName id="911EB5DA42BABEBDE6FC99DCDC34DC6F" ID-CoL="7Z6YP" LSID="A1E94AB7-4FA5-5164-BE92-C204B2AF880E" authority="D. Santam." authorityName="Santamaría-Aguilar & Aguilar & Lagomarsino" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana" status="sp. nov.">Virola montana D.Santam.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFAF80F2BA05E4A1AE0F207698D6CADD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="240F74C5125E78BC3E1918ED5FE53C6E" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Virola montana A branch with leaves and inflorescences B fruit C flowers. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on G. Herrera et al. 514 (A-C), and R. Lent 3899 (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21">Figs 21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6D4861F7A792643D70DA4AF3A0E3A144" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">
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, 22
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<normalizedToken id="049BAEC31ACE6F6D1B0D03CB2AD46446" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E383D4168F413D61FE35281D0276CD12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="738F67E5E7C6DA224EF842948279B0B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B43D3139D12AD1C82A23EEB020F6C692" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Species most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="017C95A169FF4149F79CF3EC4BAFC0CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
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<emphasis id="D9B3C2D231E874E5B6E10DCE72BDD86E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola guatemalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, from which it differs by the mostly caducous (vs. persistent) trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface that have 3-10 branches and are 0.2-0.6 mm long (vs. 3-6 branches 0.05-0.1 mm long), staminate flowers with a shorter filament column (0.6-0.9 mm vs. 1-1.2 mm long) and fruits with a thicker pericarp (3.2-5 mm vs. 0.4-1 [-2.5] mm thick).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A53AA6A0889349F5B05B4CCD5DEB8D6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F695ACB87160A978A64DBE969CE5912F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5074D6475BBACCE611067DBE4812125B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Costa Rica. Cartago:
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<normalizedToken id="F7AE0CEC3292882B84FC306637DDD006" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
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, Taus de Pejibaye, 900 m elev., 06 Apr 1994 (♂ fl),
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<emphasis id="E707E8AC8A7CB0893A9770E1913936BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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E.
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<normalizedToken id="3897C0DD728BAC8C38B77B6CB862E881" originalValue="Lépiz">Lepiz</normalizedToken>
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& J. F. Morales 284
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: CR! [201663]; isotypes: CR! [CR1578073], LSU! [0193696, LSU00199100], MO! [5551138, MO280083], USJ! [75968]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="29CFA355DB23B2A52056C9A16DA50EE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D92998C44082DB9749B476C1EA8FB8A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1F62336FA09BD5D8A9A9D777F18A6D06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="F04C6DC2F8B4A403B46F296237B916D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
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6-35 m
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<normalizedToken id="F38531CE51D398508A3CC322B229AEDE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(4-) 10-50 cm DBH; bark not described.
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<emphasis id="2E1B8B16929A9FE2AC43CC581B8F39F3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Exudate</emphasis>
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described on one occasion as orange in bark, branches and fruits.
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<emphasis id="4890DFC1B456F4F9523F94D197BE0F6A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Twigs</emphasis>
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0.13-0.4 cm thick, angulate to lightly compressed, densely tomentose to puberulent, trichomes dendritic, yellowish, brownish to ferruginous.
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<emphasis id="259EC4E315CCC3FE22E52CB1EFB05E41" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
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: petiole 0.5-1.2
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<normalizedToken id="6F9D1AFDCAED169188413CF154376971" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.16-0.3 cm, canaliculate, densely to sparsely pubescent, the trichomes dendritic to irregularly stellate; leaf blades (11.2-) 15-30.5
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<normalizedToken id="1BFD450E9243EA11E2FC84C319F4B247" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm, oblong-elliptic; adaxial surface on mature leaf blades dark brown when dry, reddish-brown or greyish-blackish, glabrous or with trichomes very sparse and scattered, the surface smooth; abaxial surface pale brown, dark brown or whitish-greyish when dry, sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent along the lateral veins and midvein (in new leaves, blades with a dense layer of trichomes that fall readily when touched, covering the entire surface), trichomes dendritic or rarely irregularly stellate, sessile, yellowish to pale brown, with 3-10 branches 0.2-0.6 mm long, caducous; lateral veins (15-) 18-30 per side, (4-) 6-9 veins per 5 cm, 0.5-0.9 (-1.5) cm apart, the same colour as the adaxial surface or sometimes lighter, flat or very slightly sunken on adaxial surface, raised on abaxial surface, straight to slightly arcuate (especially towards the distal part), slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a very marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins usually visible on both surfaces; midvein adaxially flat to slightly canaliculate, glabrous or with scattered trichomes, sometimes densely pubescent at the base, abaxially raised, rounded, densely tomentose (with trichomes that fall very easily to the touch) to glabrescent; base acute to rounded, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acute to acuminate.
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<emphasis id="D18B92E427A1251F5400729350837D4C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
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3-9 cm long, axillary either at the junction with a leaf or at leafless nodes, axes slightly flattened to irregularly angled, densely tomentose, with trichomes dendritic, brown to yellowish-brown; peduncle 1.7-3.5
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<normalizedToken id="5960F6249A35D621EC615BD6F8D9896E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.05-0.12 cm; bracts 3-7
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<normalizedToken id="D2D583FBBFA97700AB360D3409B7133B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.9-4 cm, pubescent on both sides, caducous; terminal fascicles dense, with 7-20 + flowers.
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<emphasis id="05031E4BB3088EC8896277ABAB1953F1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
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with the pedicel 1.7-3.4 mm long; receptacle 1.5-3 mm wide;; perianth (1.6-) 2-2.7 mm, subglobose, yellow, greenish-white or brown, possibly by the indumentum), connate by (0.2-) 0.5-0.8 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent, with brown to ferruginous trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous at the base, sparsely pubescent on the lobes; lobes 3, 1.5-2
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<normalizedToken id="80FAB590CCC0AA3FFB86472530EAD287" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.4 (-1.8) mm; stamens 3 (-6), the filament column 0.6-0.9 mm long, straight or sometimes slightly thickened at the base and somewhat narrow at the apex, thin, not constricted at the apex; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm long; apiculus ca. 0.07-0.1 mm, inconspicuously apiculate.
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<emphasis id="8FD74D2E4F6CBFAF85A3FC8A6D3C4E6D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
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3.5 cm long, at leafless nodes, with trichomes on the axes similar to those of the staminate inflorescences; peduncle 1.8-2.5
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<normalizedToken id="05578CF0182B1B5877262DF419FCB1E2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-2 cm; bracts not seen; terminal fascicles of 5-6 flowers.
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<emphasis id="3D7E3655CAE28528BBCAEDD106CF2E9F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
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with the pedicel 3.5-4 mm long; perianth 3.5-4.6 mm long, globose to subglobose, pale brown when fresh (possibly by the indument), connate by 1-1.5 mm long, abaxial surface pubescent, with brown trichomes, adaxial surface sparsely pubescent; lobes 3, 2.5-3.5
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<normalizedToken id="262567C22DAF6C54578B8267C51E18BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2.2 mm; gynoecium 2-2.7
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<normalizedToken id="8E7F1B380E2F6470B1EB91166C767C44" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-1.6 mm, densely pubescent, subglobose, stipitate; stigmatic lobes ca. 0.3 mm, erect.
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<emphasis id="08377AEEE27EF6B5E6F4A1B56819E252" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Infructescence</emphasis>
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3-6.2 cm long, with 1 (-2) fruits, peduncle 2-3.3
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<normalizedToken id="077805DAFA2557B6069FCD4003CE3BD4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.19-0.3 cm.
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<emphasis id="AFF3CBF6E76DFFE40CE1D77EE626C811" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
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(2.8-) 3-3.6
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<normalizedToken id="FA91FBFEF86313BC0C7579241484CA71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.5 cm, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, densely tomentose to tomentulose, the trichomes dendritic to irregularly stellate, pale brown to ferruginous, the surface commonly rugulose or smooth when dry, the line of dehiscence carinate, the base obtuse, the apex acute, orange, golden or yellowish-brown when fresh; pericarp 3.2-5 mm thick; pedicel 0.7-1 cm long; seed 2.2-2.5
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<normalizedToken id="5816BFEC5F9435E98837D439055593E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 1.5 cm, the testa dark brown, almost smooth; aril usually described as red when fresh, yellowish- or reddish-brown when dry, coriaceous, oily in texture, thick, laciniate in narrow bands distally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3AC8435A33D49C334DB3DA0A30299DC2" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
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<paragraph id="09E3CC3F2DEC51649087B9D332360B7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="9DC2C0136313126F398764FE51440227" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="65D2BB8D266EEB6655A3B204C09EB1E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis id="7EF5C0B237316D6E5219CF87C2D0A796" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="5A3F5F7A71437029C97EB3182C72127A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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branch with leaves and inflorescences
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<emphasis id="13027D152EBEC530A32A326B9E3D9675" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis id="F9B51A84C68987CA858822FBC7582A5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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flowers. Drawn by Pedro Juarez based on
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<emphasis id="32FE9C018F36921D4B0B842065463AF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera et al. 514</emphasis>
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(
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||
<emphasis id="10D0B59AB82760C2B0C95F9ABEC2F39E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken id="E1D86F5BDFEAAE8C97D83259C2388883" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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), and
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<emphasis id="3FC5D76712EEA5511B84BCD202E1B758" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Lent 3899</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="527B4E9F2E83E36D572A6A9ABE216659" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2C9F3F5349EE56F520F3FD3E6AC1C57C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B65390D1FD37E229677A7926CEBBA1B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D00964E9B8C30ACA6F87444BEF2ED594" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E2995B2678EC67AC0652386A8D273321" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis id="B618B8A4646B1D9777742338DE2C2B84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recognised by twigs, new leaf undersurfaces, petioles and inflorescences covered in indument of dendritic to irregularly stellate, caducous trichomes, with long branches; on the underside of the leaf, this indument is mainly found on the midvein and the lateral veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="14C84D1F1CFE84CE540AFC2D2CC70C86" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional traits that distinguish this species include leaf blades with numerous lateral veins [(15-) 18-30 per side;
|
||
<figureCitation id="830239405AAA4C9576881F6E8A0A10F3" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">Fig. 22C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
]), the length of the filament column (0.6-0.9 mm long), nearly the same size as the anthers (0.5-0.8 mm long), fruits with thick pericarp that are densely tomentose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="581AE320831417C2A377155E9477D272" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Fruits of Mesoameican Virola, organised in groups of morphologically similar species A V. allenii (P. H. Allen 6727, GH) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 9715, MO) C V. otobifolia (A. Gentry & S. Mori 14199, MO) D V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) E V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) F V. koschnyi (R. Robles 1587, MO) G V. guatemalensis (S. Sinaca 1542, MO) H V. montana (J. Utley & K. Utley 5054, MO) I V. fosteri (S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4891, MO) J V. multiflora (R. Rueda et a. l 9960, MO) K V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) L V. elongata (J. D. Dwyer & M. Correa 8420, MO) M V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 1585, MO) N V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (T. B. Croat 8090, MO) O V. nobilis from the Osa Peninsula (G. Herrera 4222, MO) P V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349086" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure4">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and carinate in the line of dehiscence (3.2-5 mm), as well as its montane habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="27930E49761620CB7692A9E91875E3BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF3CE267F1976BD67FAC6D00BF863488" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="541415F1CDE17E0705A25E994699EAEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific epithet refers to the montane habitat where the species has been collected.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0145D20550CB58BE8E30358893605782" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95F8DB0F2CADC5AC9B1974884C0A2A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A63DF637836D55ABD1EB437AA07C0765" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5F4D14BED8BDC31C9773D3B96DAE0B1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B27FE2C28E79FA9F01283EC79BB0D88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from Costa Rica and Panama, where it has been collected on the Caribbean slope in the provinces of Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="453F6B4E5E783220BAF49D90B86949E7" originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
in Costa Rica and Bocas del Toro in Panama; it has only been collected on the Pacific slope in Puntarenas (Costa Rica) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F41A3154A67E3D21E460F95785C0D70" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of Virola koschnyi (A), V. laevigata (B), V. megacarpa (C), V. montana (D), V. multiflora (E) and V. nobilis (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349100" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure18">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It has been recorded between 700-2000 m elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5C90D996F676F6619E35B44C120EFE15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA9D9079061DD778DFAFD65B609EABA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81C8EC18D5B206626E1D02BEC6406000" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69824CBA83E9F13D6FCBDE0ABD876379" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB998A6ADF1BFFEED653B32832F46EEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is of Least Concern following IUCN guidelines. It has both a large EOO (14,606 km2) and AOO (104 km2) and is known from nineteen localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5C9F66AD07DB3B7E3E6C9ACA2141AF06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph id="3F48A1F905988C7684BC447A5B46585D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BDE17FB1786D085542C2B749BD3B6D3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica: fruta dorada.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DE0DCB20964C650872C978ACEA5DE5B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E0599E30DB41D983089CC809342D0CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D84893F91B0078D7C5A8DB79D801125" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Flowering of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5EAFD93DB185EC04D6BDA00750A24A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C57F296D379DD966C5B3E22AC050645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded in January, March to May, November and December; only two herbarium specimens with pistillate flowers were seen. Fruits have been collected in March and June to December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="76DB028BADB3A85174A4E9A8A98AF4C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="84346F7DDAE136DF0A76794239A4A249" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Field characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E1556E5D513E254DA5BB28EA235315F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf blades are lustrous, dark green above and whitish or silver below. Flowers have yellow, cream, greenish-white or brown perianth. Mature fruits are yellow, pale brown, brown yellow or orange. The seed is brown with a red aril.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8C9BB83CFAAEDE059DEDCC4B4905E9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="975F5F38DD3C4770231829895D9D1D16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B7B6ACB96D62111AF548B63821C4B1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
As far as we know, the first specimen of this species was collected 115 years ago by Henri F. Pittier (1857-1950) in the mountains of El Rosario de Orosi, Cartago, Costa Rica (
|
||
<emphasis id="51F3CF2466B07C1B34FFD6E6898D2311" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Pittier 16628</emphasis>
|
||
, NY-2 sheets!*). Paul C. Standley treated this specimen as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="849F6EB38FC41DCE59AF94ACB6AA645A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6419BD0EDC17DFD8F36219B041532D54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in "Flora of Costa Rica" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DD7F033ED9346A4C0D23416672E3ED65" author="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="399 - 780" refId="B98" refString="Standley, PC, 1937. Flora of Costa Rica. Part II. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series 18 (2): 399 - 780" title="Flora of Costa Rica. Part II." volume="18" year="1937">Standley 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Shortly after, Albert C. Smith and Roger P. Wodehouse (1938) included the Pittier specimen under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E18C17D1611B29A2F3596CF47B2ED673" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9C677AFE76E9D090C9C92CDC41AAC1C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and this remains the name that is most frequently misattributed to specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="615B2C3138A5F3531FFED1D571238264" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AE8C88A298D966E66161B610726F125" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EF615BB3A319810118566AB6D27464E" author="Standley, PC" editor="Standley, PC" journalOrPublisher="Fieldiana: Botany 24 (4)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="294 - 299" refId="B99" refString="Standley, PC, Steyermark, JA, 1946. Myristicaceae. In: Standley, PC, Steyermark, JA, Eds., Flora of Guatemala - Part IV. Fieldiana: Botany 24(4): 294 - 299" title="Myristicaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Guatemala - Part IV." year="1946">Standley and Steyermark 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="564561C89908A5E036C3CB3E9F1FCABB" author="Jimenez, Q" editor="Hammel, BE" journalOrPublisher="Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="684 - 691" refId="B46" refString="Jimenez, Q, 2007. Myristicaceae. In: Hammel, BE, Grayum, MH, Herrera, C, Zamora, N, Eds., Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 684 - 691" title="Myristicaceae." volume="111" volumeTitle="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VI." year="2007">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D58F550E1E108D1834BD1E64AB16A018" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4E829C1E8E69A5730473B8FDCBAA54F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAD516A9247FF87DBDA2B9C3199DD61C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as interpreted here, is restricted to northern Mesoamerica (Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras). In addition to the differences given in the diagnosis, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC543ABDDCBB8000AA058A34CD89F988" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="33F937710321E4953836DC6AC5D4E5BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished morphologically from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C4C6406FBD3F58325EE21D5606679CD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0197E111744F5F6B601097B24A69CCB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the differences summarised in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="5449AFC95F706F4E0A0FB4510F77A37C" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Morphological differences between Virola montana and V. guatemalensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF">6</tableCitation>
|
||
. Although it is difficult to quantify, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0AD2B1B4978D9FA306D5F6B1F1C7F1B" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EEB5B786784FE6F6EDC95858772213B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly have twigs, petioles and inflorescences covered with more trichomes with long branches (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C7E7A90DA13EFE1003FB8B13D72C7A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3F, J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" ID-Table-UUID="180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/180CF769285EF4BE15B54272F90163DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FE50D5DE5F2E2F79258D4F2BABE5529B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D4AFE02535EA9E6BD89B2E376604AE9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="888889D6DFB8FCB979732FA2CE0C3A4E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE65E41745F881C2CA687D33724E4B6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CDEC13614CE24BEC646A4EED595A6A9" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="576DAF920DAB1F853BEC945DFF3AEE6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E88CB758A1091689B2975BAF2703C66F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="A1D330376A96E304A1B9E16233DBDFBB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="89A2301968715A1AADB56A4FA6B3A5C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th id="3B106C66B3490409316E8C8E1E0360C0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th id="F02B7590630144D4F0F59C290A85819A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57683AE8F8AB2CF5806E7988307BE259" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8F16EEB2A52DCA13A7ADBBE6137C1EAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="340D9CE5ED03B6F4BD85C3134DFD61CD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A256269915D28F223F8E720779D523CA" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0005B5DF5E8E2D604AD6C8A8BC49725B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7CD62A4AEDFA0A783F2D7F05A5E15FF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="93A74FC3725B512C85AF0F082E5A38FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Leaf blades size</td>
|
||
<td id="4C2C335038A4DF08BF0629CF4C97B2B2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
(11.2-) 15-30.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E613E3CBB36E42B2C85EE4520A17918C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="DBC8C48D219247AA6D4DC5547E9CFC63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
12.3-17.5 (-24.1)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39C08063276FF21BC0C3FF045938931F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2.4-) 3.8-5.5 (-8.9) cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9C60789D5DB65BA68D3978DF1D1FA8D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="BE90C1C68D7BBBB55E016E2C37EE40DA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Indument and trichomes on abaxial surface</td>
|
||
<td id="620D715860090600D728964DBFC0DCDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent primarily along the lateral veins and midvein; trichomes with 3-10 branches, the branches 0.2-0.6 mm long, caducous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6678A43C7B17E880EACB0129EEFBDC5E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E61451791948566F78B40E837B763EF8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Puberulent, trichomes over the entire surface; trichomes with 3-6 branches, the branches 0.05-0.1 mm long, persistent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7821E7C9AA544F9BBEA707BFC48A274B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E22A34D1BDE09A18ABC1AB949265724E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="B069686DD065CB7B4C44356CAC06AD40" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Lateral veins</td>
|
||
<td id="2B2157B087CCD549ECB61473DE636AD3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
(15-) 18-30 per side, on abaxial side raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B751ECCD20412A6EC4DCA25FE83DDFFB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Figs 8J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDE70E35E5333F1D38EDF118DA8A74B0" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Virola montana A juvenile tree showing branching pattern B leaf blades on adaxial side C leaf blades on abaxial side D venation. Virola multiflora. E Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers F twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit G lateral view of a perianth H close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban Jimenez (A-D); B. Hammel (E-H), Indiana Coronado (F, inset)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22">22D</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F729738937BCC8A1444DFC32F665EEE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
13-21 per side, on abaxial side slightly raised or flat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D4933547CAF9D86A6B8049517A665DE" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Pattern of the lateral veins in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (K. Thomsen 1284, NO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (B. Hammel et al. 16864, MO) D V. elongata (M. Correa & R. L. Dressler 1078, MO) E V. fosteri (G. de Nevers 7226, MO) F V. guatemalensis (G. Ibarra 957, MO) G V. koschnyi (J. Miller & J. C. Sandino 1110, MO) H V. laevigata (N. Zamora & T. D. Pennington 1583, MO) I V. megacarpa (G. de Nevers 5184, MO) J V. montana (E. Lepiz & J. F. Morales 284, MO) K V. multiflora (J. Manzanares 3561, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers et al. 7530, MO) N V. sebifera (T. B. Croat 5959, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349090" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure8">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="CE82EA4FF6E33C38F58E6F7DFD25262D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Virola calophylla A branch with leaves, showing both sides B branch with inflorescences. Virola elongata C leafy branch with inflorescences, inset fruit D inflorescences. Virola guatemalensis E, F leaf blades showing adaxial (E) and abaxial (F) surface. G young twigs and petioles. Photos by Robin Foster (A, B), from https: // plantidtools. fieldmuseum. org / en / nlp; Steven Paton (C, D), Rolando Perez (C inset), from https: // stricollections. org / portal / index. php and Angela Rojas (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349092" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure10">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="65F2C80CF25097E3C1A56D93D3573CC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="1493299BB2A7C21AC9CCB0FAC5C46CD8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Filament column</td>
|
||
<td id="7C4E9D5F603D61973EF1BFF27E1E47C4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.9 mm long</td>
|
||
<td id="5A5E779EA7387B6F7975116EBF458D3D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1-1.2 mm long</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7B8B5F732619479A0BA665A29412FEF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0375E1B5AB1D491113A35602E110C99E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Pericarp thickness and presence of a carina</td>
|
||
<td id="28814D72660908023CE19AA5FE78F8F6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-5 mm thick, carinate</td>
|
||
<td id="6D2D141D8D474CFFFCAD9D28ACD7B0B4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4-1 (-2.5) mm thick, smooth or slightly carinate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EECF659D36690423D85F136BCC1C70A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECC4EF17973CA90F9499DF312277AAFA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola guatemalensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9914C6CA4B68FF9DEF2886E1BA147E4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola guatemalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, herbarium specimens of this new species have been determined as three other species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DB9F923EAB6D12C30359C0758045631" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. koschnyi" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="koschnyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFB7306C94BD944E09495B6813B4BD37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. koschnyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F787DA815097FA056A9099318F38A00" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. sebifera" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="sebifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE2E848DCAD7EEC614BF63844D2995A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. sebifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6156EAF282576462AA2D1962687C75C8" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. surinamensis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC5F2246B4920D464D303C21D237D88B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B4758C452B6EE8A3A53E4095B452D5" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CED5933185133FD75D3D0A306C3E25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Vegetatively,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECC6AB417A502DF60B0DED5EC309AF4E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="E32B541BA49808EC7E4BBFCD51554CC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from these species by its mature leaves that are abaxially sparsely pubescent (vs. covering the entire surface of the leaf blades abaxially). The first two species are distinguished by pediculate trichomes on abaxial surface of leaf blades (vs. sessile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D5DAF20A1B28076ECE05870B2B91A2C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FD442ECB3A4CBDA4D6E7F9A59BB806A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these primarily present in young leaves). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEB09E7B6C2F17468C84E0CF5850B027" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8694541DC08B08087D2922CADDD338F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has trichomes with short branches [0.05-0.1 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EE267627CE29AD2F44C9E08D82A40B48" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
) vs. 0.2-0.6 mm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC398C22C921F19703904F961869A6A8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Trichomes in Mesoamerican Virola A Virola allenii (R. Aguilar 2224, MO) B V. amistadensis (G. McPherson 8703, MO) C V. chrysocarpa (O. Valverde 970, MO) D V. elongata (G. McPherson 13674, MO) E V. fosteri (G. McPherson 20913, MO) F V. guatemalensis (R. Cedillo 3349, MO) G V. koschnyi (R. E. Gereau et al. 3455, MO) H V. laevigata (R. Aguilar 2004, MO) I V. megacarpa (J. A. Duke 15261, MO) J V. montana (E. Bello 855, MO) K V. multiflora (R. Rueda et al. 8196, MO; inset, J. C. Sandino 3302, MO) L V. nobilis from Barro Colorado (R. J. Schmalzel 320, MO) M V. otobifolia (G. de Nevers & H. Herrera 7056, MO) N V. sebifera (F. Almeda et al. 5553, MO) O V. nobilis from Osa Peninsula (R. Aguilar 11186, MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure3">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
|
||
)], tends to have more lateral veins [25-34 vs. (15-) 18-30 per side] and has a preference for lower elevation habitats [0-500 (-1300) m vs. 700-2000 m elevation].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43AB40F14B6B9D7AFDBC08D919E786EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Based on the number of herbarium specimens collected,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC379FCBF29F23C7B680CF6223F69572" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="16A767708FB542324914EF2F0B0C14B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most common montane species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FB73823F0A50A020D55080977BF0D79" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="10C82D6D35733C644A1ED85DEC5EE776" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southern Mesoamerica and it is usually the only species where it occurs. However, three fruiting specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A4ECD13B05B55761B518BD712D2D847" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD0197D3051FFECAA6C973B61BDA1449" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., represented by
|
||
<emphasis id="C21D9CF7E4229D69468529AA4496000E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar et al. 4327</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!),
|
||
<emphasis id="827E86EAFD208D80DC886CD8E0D85643" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 8723</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!) and
|
||
<emphasis id="0C344A31891E646B5DA2457B311E7DCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 10514</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!), have been collected in the general vicinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DD1E175CC9EF8B4DF5205F6378BC60E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF3CEC371351E93D437782823FBA34EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its preferred elevational range (1050-1500 m). These specimens clearly differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E428F6A1F5F3A8CD8C66DCC6992974C" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6283809212394AB0DD4D3651F59B7BF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their small leaf blades [10.5-12.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1BEDC2E6E2470A1D7EC044C1A1D1746E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3-3.5 cm vs. (11.2-) 15-30.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D208842F04E6B0786FAE128FE49339B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(3.9-) 4.5-7.4 cm] with trichomes on the abaxial surface that have short branches (0.08-0.1 mm vs. 0.2-0.6 mm long) and cover the entire surface (vs. sparsely pubescent, but usually densely to sparsely pubescent along the lateral veins and midvein in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E941C3ECBDD98797E4C5BCDB49FAF43" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AF8A584A78454723024E7BF62CCBBF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These specimens share characteristics with two lowland species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8A2E3AFD5548C8A7987975163C4E2BE" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5B873AEECA79C2C795B2387CD75D73CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9235B8B1745513FC28BC49B209DF9C15" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B2D8C2B5F0E23A14773C7C3B52889F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A8176C06DE93FBDE482EE40D9B99B9" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFA1678208EEA7F5B6B41FD3EB3A4B12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including sessile, stellate trichomes on the abaxial surface of leaves. Additionally, these three specimens share their small leaves with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDAF424107FF98DE7BC079D2EDCF71BE" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F87D153DD09832EEFCA5C478039EFAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45CF9196B268707DEA1D5F596DE5BDEF" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. nobilis" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A44B8E3BC1638F189DB5C906AE77D93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(9-17.2 [-27.5]
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE83ACB57D6212DFE270A0D8A3924578" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-5 [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F586B144374384405017018BB6224208" originalValue="–4.7–">-4.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.1] cm vs. 10.5-12.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE8271C55F0C8730B2CEF5B59FA3F0A4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3-3.5 cm). Further, the fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70CCCED7DB1D7F046614F5566EAFE28A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myristicaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. fosteri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="fosteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5E061B4BCC9BFFA9402905103AA7A79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. fosteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller (1.5-2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7435E8F02547BD93F37BF583C12F7F04" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.2-1.8 cm vs. 2.8-3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F4EE954D7DBFF6202FFA037356BE0CA2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.2-2.7 cm). Additional collection and study is necessary to determine the identity of these specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="16354137AC1B0E830D3D098B78A104F9" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.134.37979.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/349104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E54E207D52D796C8F3C9BFFA981C682" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8C61A184827DB2277E7C8C4E63C0819" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01D00A5F38FA3924A554F6826C0097A4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola montana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F7CA6B38417FF737FCBE4C305AF6271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="DA2DCB8A37BE727F2837ECADB3181A3B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
juvenile tree showing branching pattern
|
||
<emphasis id="6A073602ECF4DF0C9CC7FFD63A4A161C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blades on adaxial side
|
||
<emphasis id="E9A1E295CA3D0A8D91FAB34E5048ADED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
leaf blades on abaxial side
|
||
<emphasis id="AC4658F714EE29D8F95DB3B843D8BFCE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
venation.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3278847C0F40016C09B410B1170C19E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola multiflora" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="A92FD23A9A5E464824CC71EC32A4D866" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Virola multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB7EDB9AEEF4AA8A339A7DFBDD34D295" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
Branch with staminate inflorescences, inset showing twig and flowers
|
||
<emphasis id="5BB8FC1F54C2283B3BC50322D1738921" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
twig, leaf blade on abaxial surface and inflorescences, inset showing immature fruit
|
||
<emphasis id="BBAC9EB71D9309A3CE2AB4D8F0AB18AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of a perianth
|
||
<emphasis id="CB0FF8D2451483BE14A5F83125459CF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of staminate flowers. Photos by J. Esteban
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC78A074E1404B904254AD2A15B1F5E6" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5C2BB7132908915B55B6A690132F9213" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6182B27E75F00D5C3E4DA8984250248F" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); B. Hammel (
|
||
<emphasis id="BBBE15873B7619716914B433C32BD796" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B636F1A59BDFA91618A5C194BB3EAB4" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), Indiana Coronado (
|
||
<emphasis id="44A16417272BC31827EF8213140A3CA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
, inset).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AFC9ADEC832700B49802FBFEFE1BE58A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="686790DE6AC4BC348BDE1DFF423C8005" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9B2A301E71C9B65E961CFE8B13572716" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFA93A074A41B9578630501A62F0C27" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Rica. Alajuela</emphasis>
|
||
: Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9AB903886279F3DA84EA57617EADE2E" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4766AC308C061C998DAF1086B4568D67" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="114B579DDA710C8B28FA32EF1B3FCB3D" originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Blancas, parcela de Badilla, 800 m elev., 23 Oct 1988 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="94AFB412B6830896AA5F866A58CE7702" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 470</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, INPA!*, LSU!, MO!); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B351DDB9C3335C6605C292F96D0AB60" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde, Parcela de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="23BB380DC0C84D3AC2405B1A89F1270E" originalValue="Jesús">Jesus</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rojas, 850-900 m elev., 05 May 1989 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="428DE94B9810BA0930259C9A4FFD72A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 855</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B03B2A89C817A130002B4641879F7EB1" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde, Ref. Aleman, 900 m elev., 10 Nov 1993 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="BF926F96F2F4E9F4BA9FAE13FE8A88F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 5404</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, LSU!, MO!); Reserva Forestal de San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFF8A6A015835697F8722FBADD04728A" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 850-1150 m elev., 12-14 Mar 1987 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="19DC3E36CF7D6E63F7F3C749074E443A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Burger et al. 12152</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, F!*); San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="27F77773FA9E11C340FA4DCA3680DDA0" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C255A3AF5F37CA3F786EBE57DFB93547" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Alberto Brenes,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="229184839081A04A879B9FC6D79752B1" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Lorencito, 900 m elev., 03 May 2000 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="02BC7800BAFA84DA0D09982A5038C851" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Caballero 2</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, MO!); Reserva Forestal de San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E0BAA3083CB7FEC6315B604530B52010" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 900-1200 m elev., 12-15 Mar 1987 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="522C55017EA9565B6C9EA315E9C7BB5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="962E0B75BF5C5F082863FCB1ECA604A6" originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
|
||
11446
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, USJ!); Reserva Forestal de San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="28A084E9BCA6E7EF64AA2EAB17DDC8ED" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 900-1200 m elev., 16-19 Apr 1987 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="62C882765854281EA38FEC94A3C2E084" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76B61E8BB12925B989D19F113ED3D753" originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
|
||
11484
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, F-2 sheets!*); Reserva Forestal de San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="54BF9F5A167E08D652956F8066FC5983" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A92C4ACFB5090F0A1B2CD8ADB5596D9" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85B076874E2C5CBF27AD82463F493B7F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Lorencito, 850-900 m elev., 18 Oct 1989 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="6E839C931EFA5D3D3D424583C50E3C94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C79AE6377613B4DF808AA08ABD000D76" originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 11846
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MEXU!*, MO!, USJ!); La Balsa, 1100 m elev., 02 Jul 1990 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="13AE93E4EF0EE5F496541B8461FA57F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F49F6380A3353D320487E733BCB144D" originalValue="Gómez-Laurito">Gomez-Laurito</normalizedToken>
|
||
& J. A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C39B62CED49E9FB6D20060A6FF85BC48" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
|
||
11970
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USJ!); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1AFF5EF8509D1DB1D9C79EF90B417EBD" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0BA8878CA982464A850449F1DD45039" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2CC007E561820826D1ED819599BAAF05" originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Blancas, 850 m elev., 31 Mar 1987 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="D111863F133FF9484F0595E7395F361A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Haber & E. Bello 6978</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, F!*, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D7432119F354D50AEE0DB9BB8447707" originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde, finca Wilson Salazar, 800 m elev., 07 Nov 1987 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="9729D192DFC9FE1311FCA75BD661E66C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Haber & E. Cruz 7698</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, INPA!*, MO!, USJ!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D1931B6EFA1545FA186D3CDB3771A09" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Lorenzito, 800-1000 m elev., 30 Mar 1987 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="83CFED0C1FBC58E68F4FA71DF1BF2754" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera et al. 514</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, INPA!*, LSU!, MO!); La Fortuna, Finca El Jilguero, 1160 m elev., 20 Nov 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="7CD1E35D84CF6C2FDF04F675B2F76FEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Herrera 5544</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); 2 km N.E of La Balsa de San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F7B8E7657ED656F39DB237D88D6837A" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 900 m elev., 26 Sep 1976 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="A5501F1F438D789AF96A31AB7EB2D966" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Lent 3899</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-3 sheets!, INPA!*, MARY!*, MEXU!*, MO!, PMA!*, U!*); Reserva Forestal San
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A606D6FA3141FF61CF3C7D1314DBE7D0" originalValue="Ramón">Ramon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A5E2F4EBA9873CF4F6B2AA7109265092" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8DB9C2AFAD1624FE0A9C7F5E0B85FED2" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Lorenzo, sendero al
|
||
<normalizedToken id="43B2F519E210B78A6EBE6959E31052E3" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Muerto, 1100 m elev., 26 Apr 1993 (♀ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="98E39895A70833A496FA6DDA7529CD38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Quesada 20</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, LSU!, MO!); Lago Coter [Cote], Hotel Eco-Lodge, 700 m elev., 09 Apr 1997 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="EECB5A50F05EDAB994A40F3BA09711BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Rivera & B. Petruzzi 2933</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!).
|
||
<emphasis id="C6C7C07F47B24178ECB9D5CE18CECAA9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cartago</emphasis>
|
||
: Taus, faldas del Cerro Alto El Humo, 900-1200 m elev., 06 Apr 1994 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="0850CCD9DD73D9E26FD9D8850E8D479F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J. F. Morales & E.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="74CDDEF21B4C01FD878A332CB79E141D" originalValue="Lépiz">Lepiz</normalizedToken>
|
||
2654
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!); El Rosario de Orosi, no date, Jan 1903 (fr), 1120 m elev.,
|
||
<emphasis id="8C41677C9BFDFD91AC8E494BC63606BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Pittier 16628</emphasis>
|
||
(NY-2 sheets!*); Turrialba, Monumento Nacional Guayabo, Santa Teresita, sobre los
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC594FBE9765167568A0CBB5AF0AF3AF" originalValue="ríos">rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
Guayabo, Lajas y Torito, 700-1800 m elev., 08 May 1992 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="A03C6B2FF30ACF3EDF7B069706ED25D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Rivera 1659</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!, USJ!);
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC591EAD9D7385BC661F0FF9AE6FB7DD" originalValue="límite">limite</normalizedToken>
|
||
Sur del Monumento Nacional Guayabo, sector Las Ventanas, 1100 m elev., 07 Jul 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="3257E9D3576FE4365957315B685398FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Rivera 1910</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, F!*, MO!, USJ!); [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1AB17E1256A59F1B735D6D9CCCA76894" originalValue="Paraíso">Paraiso</normalizedToken>
|
||
] 5 km N.W of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="76530C666B01AFD08C45FCB54DA6C352" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Grande de Orosi at Tapanti, 1300 m elev., 27 May 1976 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="7AD52C020B0E858183063881365CE12D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Utley & K. Utley 5054</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, MEXU-2 sheets!*, MO-2 sheets!).
|
||
<emphasis id="28F48D1EA221C0D88B950D5357F3AA84" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guanacaste</emphasis>
|
||
: San Gerardo, 1000 m elev., 21 Nov 1998 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="EF267B56841AB1B5D6EC7E67C26FAD2F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bello 553</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, INPA!*, MO!).
|
||
<emphasis id="CA31915C57D56316777008FF890C6909" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heredia</emphasis>
|
||
: Sarapiqui, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, puesto El Ceibo, 750 m elev., 05 Mar 1994 (st),
|
||
<emphasis id="8606F5D0E3D86ABF57F6CAF684E2D7B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Boyle et al. 2938</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!); Cariblanco, 800 m elev., n.d. Mar 1950 (fl bud),
|
||
<emphasis id="D25EEAAA6CD4E70C3EB1A1A1E71CFD51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B02620E26A3E49C723267F315E1BD435" originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
|
||
2368
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(USJ!); Cariblanco, 800 m elev., 10 Aug 1950 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="B058BD1605ACD8B07D13EC3DC461548B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">LRH</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="21B9149895ABE9E2F3B0DADECDA56E45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. R. Holdridge</emphasis>
|
||
]
|
||
<emphasis id="C97DF65F92BA94DA0CA7ACEAF7EEC238" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2618</emphasis>
|
||
(USJ!).
|
||
<emphasis id="9CDAB02B8EB743A27233C491C9B1997E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="09E8B11F413491A41AB2DC6103147322" originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Talamanca, Bratsi, Alto Lari, Kivut, 1300-1500 m elev., 15 Mar 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="DAF74423C03D73A0923FFEE961D1308E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Aguilar & H. Schmidt 1131</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, MO!).
|
||
<emphasis id="40D5DD7EA0851F50734552791172AA56" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puntarenas</emphasis>
|
||
: Coto Brus, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, sitios Las Juntas, 1500 m elev., 03 Jul 1999 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="D64B4BEC912DB11AF9C1506F8F1F326C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Alfaro 2357</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, MO!); [Coto Brus], Las Tablas,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A59A7CD2482C84056DBD580042F038F9" originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cotoncito, [1300-1500 m elev.], 10 Dec 1983 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="C00B82093E078A468100C6D25EF4B87D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C603D893A5987E66AB296839CD4595A" originalValue="Chacón">Chacon</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 1819
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(INPA!*, LSU-2 sheets!, MO!); Parque Internacional La Amistad,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FAE15EEBE605F8D8DB66521139140CDE" originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pittier, 1650 m elev., 28 Jan 1995 (♀ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="3A0699551845B96A95166C5B08D70375" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
M. Chinchilla & IV curso de
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFE41E57C59D75EAC8103B14985CFD62" originalValue="paratoxónomos">paratoxonomos</normalizedToken>
|
||
3
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!, LSU!, MO!); Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 2000 m elev., 01 Sep 1992 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="3CB4EC87D99FD3D6AF4830D01AE37711" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
A.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F74A36BC5170792D6E4ABBFA1493FEA9" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
354
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!); Fila Tigre, SE of Las Alturas, 1350-1450 m elev., 29 Aug 1983 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="57086F1E775005E41138870AC394CAC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Davidse 24178</emphasis>
|
||
(CR!, INPA!*, MEXU!*, MO!); Parque Internacional La Amistad, Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B1B5025B2E7EAB2A474A6775AC79007" originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Pittier, 1700 m elev., 13 Jun 1995 (fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="F61E878B4DF8562C3E81C00004621D40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
J.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B3F0CBF487DF058AB10205ED7835273A" originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
|
||
823
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2 sheets!); Coto Brus, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, Hacienda La Amistad, 1600-2000 m elev., 28 Dec 2003 (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="AAF2577098D2C7F51FC458841ACB43C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Kriebel et al. 4174</emphasis>
|
||
(CR-2!, MO!).
|
||
<emphasis id="FD998BAB77BA817A8D2DED88C2FEF166" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panama. Bocas del Toro</emphasis>
|
||
: Bocas del
|
||
<normalizedToken id="83A0E3B33BC45C8DF4EAD48ABC9A9B83" originalValue="Toro-Chiriquí">Toro-Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
|
||
border above Fortuna Dam, 1200 m elev., 04 Dec 1985 (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis id="04D88442E1025ACAD9F8651364AB55C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. McPherson 7756</emphasis>
|
||
(INPA!*, MO!, PMA!*).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |