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<mods:title id="46614D530AD5C97653F7C104DF8F2602">A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0EA383E831844707DC1DA418AC4F13C5">de Almeida, Rafael F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39A17070EA7E28303BCFA742B4EC57B7">de Morais, Isa L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="81506A9664CDB3AC6D64A6D3AF56B80B">Antonio-Domingues, Higor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D92C4EC68D92C98E3789BE5740E2C92">Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C625965C8FC206B34AF3CABDA56E888">Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AA8BC6C36E0AC215BD65586232A5BD0E">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="33C994C8219CBB7CB9A76A15D1127DE9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="57CA980339E851B0062284CBEE44887E">242</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="A2F6E569684FCB835DC7FE0AAA306E66" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5DED597F3FE5EE2F6DFB8E4BBAFAB332">
<heading id="86CCD31377EAFD859F33E329E9B4F3FF" reason="label">1.3. 1.</heading>
<taxonomicName id="7A59A74EE5BA8C1CFA1E1341C57C49BA" ID-CoL="4LYY" authority="Cav., Icon." authorityName="Cav., Icon." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Galphimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="94A795EE7F5AD9CBCB5B3DFE19E8CA03" italics="true">Galphimia</emphasis>
Cav., Icon.
</taxonomicName>
5: 6162, pl. 489. 1799 nom. cons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="525FCBDB169975EA58978E43EFB9AE88" type="description">
<paragraph id="35173DE84C01AB6FE27BB98ED40FF6C6">
<figureCitation id="63D15A39232227FF07CD1E5AADB05DFB" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Flowers of Malpighiaceae A side view of the flower of Amorimia coriacea showing the cincinnus peduncle with a bract at base and two bracteoles at apex B detail of the 2 - glandular bracteoles of Glicophyllum cardiophyllum C details of the glandular margin of the bracteole of Christianella multiglandulosa D bracteoles of Mezia araujoi concealing the floral bud at pre-anthesis (floral pedicel is absent) E floral bud of Niedenzuella multiglandulosa, showing a very short peduncle with a bract at base and two bracteoles at apex F flower of Banisteriopsis laevifolia showing pedicel with bract and bracteoles at base (peduncle absent) G plane and patent bract and bracteoles of Alicia anisopetala H cucullate bract and bracteoles of Dicella bracteosa I deflexed bract and bracteoles of Dicella nucifera J eglandular sepals concealing petals at pre-anthesis in Thryallis longifolia K 1 - glandular calyx of Hiptage benghalensis L 10 - glandular calyx of Camarea axillaris M 8 - glandular calyx of Christianella multiglandulosa showing the multi-glandular margin of sepals N erect sepals of Galphimia australis O revolute apex of sepals of Byrsonima basiloba P revolute and reflexed sepals of Thryallis longifolia Q floral diagram of a Malpighiaceae flower with sepals in green, sepal glands in red, lateral petals in yellow, posterior petal in brown, androecium in blue (connectives) and white (pollen sacs), and gynoecium in pink (diagram and photographs B, E, F, H, K, L, N, O, Q by R. F. Almeida; A D, G, M by M. O. O. Pellegrini; I by Amaury Jr.; J, P by J. V. Santos)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053710">Figs 7 N</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="67AF0E321AAFB9D19964D0094DFF1FA5" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Sepals, glands, and petals of Malpighiaceae flowers A sepals with rounded apex of Hiptage benghalensis and sessile sepal gland B sepals with acute apex of Christianella multiglandulosa and sessile sepal glands C sepals with acute apex of Byrsonima gardneriana and sessile sepal glands D stalked sepal glands of Heladena multiflora E white petals of Acmanthera latifolia F pale yellow glands of Bunchosia glandulifera G yellow glands of Mcvaughia sergipana H pale green glands of Bronwenia megaptera I green glands of Camarea axillaris J yellow and deflexed petals of Byrsonima sericea K white glands of Acmanthera parviflora L pink glands of Heteropterys rubiginosa M brown glands of Amorimia pellegrinii N red glands of Niedenzuella poeppigiana O yellow and patent petals of Ptilochaeta bahiensis P oval petal limb of Galphimia gracilis Q elliptic petal limb of Heteropterys oberdanii R obovate petal limb of Bronwenia megaptera S pubescent petal surface of Diplopterys bahiana T orange-red petals of Tetrapterys phlomoides U entire margin of the petal of Heteropterys oberdanii V erose margin of the petal of Bronwenia megaptera W fimbriate margin of the petal of Schwannia schwannioides X dentate margin of the petal of Peixotoa hispidula Y glandular-fimbriate margin of the petal of Alicia anisopetala Z lilac petals of Mascagnia lilacina (A, C, F H, I, J, L S, U W by R. F. Almeida; B, N, T, Y by M. O. O. Pellegrini; D by A. Francener; E by R. Goldenberg; Z by O. J. A. Ayala)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053711">8 P</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D41EF48EED1E45A6514CE7847C384DFF" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Types of fleshy fruits, nuts, and smooth to setose schizocarpic fruits in Malpighiaceae A transversely sliced drupe of Bunchosia maritima showing seeds B transversely sliced nut of Dicella nucifera showing the seed C nuts of Dicella bracteosa D nuts of Dicella macroptera E green drupe of Byrsonima blanchetiana F cream-coloured drupe of Byrsonima ligustrifolia G green drupe of Byrsonima melanocarpa with concrescent sepals H orange drupe of Bunchosia glandulifera I orange drupe of Bunchosia maritima J red drupe of Malpighia glabra K reddish-orange drupe of Malpighia mexicana L green drupe of Malpighia fucata M green and twisted drupe of Mcvaughia sergipana N striated drupe of Burdachia prismatocarpa O smooth mericarp of Heladena multiflora P smooth mericarp of Galphimia gracilis Q smooth and immature mericarp of Verrucularina glaucophylla R green and smooth mericarps of Acmanthera latifolia S smooth mericarps of Thryallis longifolia with concrescent sepals T setose mericarps of Tricomaria usillo U setose mericarps of Lasiocarpus ferrugineus V setose mericarp of Camarea axillaris W setose mericarp of Echinopterys eglandulosa (photographs A, B by Amaury Jr.; C, D by A. Assis; E, H, I, M, Q, V by R. F. Almeida; F by S. E. Martins; G by N. Bigio; J by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez; K, L by M. R. Pace; N by L. S. B. Calazans; O by A. Francener; P by M. O. O. Pellegrini; R by R. Goldenberg; S by J. V. Santos; T by I. Specogna; U by A. Nuno; W by S. Carnaham)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.242.117469.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053713">10 P</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="14E4F0FB19592CF66841AF6C04067A4A" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C2C994774036EC0B8FE55B20C7E8FF09">
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=
<taxonomicName id="D50D4C6D291FC256FD412A5442E0FF03" ID-CoL="7WDL" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Thryallis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E1A7B85F39EBF6EE2252CDB5BFBCDFDE" italics="true">Thryallis</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="57F50007171741BF2314FCF4860A31F2" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.
</taxonomicName>
, Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 554. 1762, nom. rej. ≡
<taxonomicName id="DDFE4EFCC4D86E719AE9CF8F66848618" authority="Adans., Fam. Pl." authorityName="Adans., Fam. Pl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Vorstia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4E7B78DF331A6FF05A8247E85D575A1D" italics="true">Vorstia</emphasis>
Adans., Fam. Pl.
</taxonomicName>
2: (23). 1763, nom. superfl.
<typeStatus id="BD79433FDBA6F3001E7332F1C939DB85">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="0C0CA90B97768B227B64973D6FBA35E8" ID-CoL="56N4T" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Thryallis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="3A8FA6B8D6992778D01522FE5A4DC247" italics="true">Thryallis brasiliensis</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="94E8EB11DC0CB6613BC29A7BAA6D13C3" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.
</taxonomicName>
[≡
<taxonomicName id="538E9ABADEFC959CA9A7B5B5F1CF9209" ID-CoL="3F74P" authority="(L.) A. Juss." authorityName="A. Juss." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Galphimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F4BBB3FEF5AE1436B6EE2AB7E15F5EED" italics="true">Galphimia brasiliensis</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="4C83E0D49ACA7B7E7201DC294343525E" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
.)
<collectionCode id="CA06D0BB452EBD6DA8AC4B1674EACCDC" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Juss.
</taxonomicName>
].
</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERBCI" type="type species">
<paragraph id="38089270BE2FA1DD4FD34F648F026D51">
<heading id="7F9545FE5C6D9E99968171B117D1258F" reason="title">
<typeStatus id="AA71EB89252B4F17072C76260C9253CE">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A590A31C0799C3C0C413F793693B7147">
<taxonomicName id="324E74048F2F995F8DFD8D037D948B68" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Galphimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="55A6C7CC05C369C4E820E264DFD9C96C" italics="true">Galphimia glauca</emphasis>
Cav.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECCCI" type="notes">
<paragraph id="BAB78EADF8FF34842023D323B2660B08">
<heading id="BC5F4D4412075084F2CE8381E67AF4BB" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91D689B8C071D3E26BC189E79122DD54">
<taxonomicName id="F06452544FF65DFE166890C6C89A1D2A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Galphimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D949F6F627FE151D93C6406D33F27C5A" italics="true">Galphimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently comprises 26 accepted species (13 threatened species; Suppl. material
<xref id="D7B772BA02DA08C6CCCEF2DDDAF6247A" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
) of shrubs to subshrubs endemic to the seasonally dry tropical forest biome in the Neotropics from the
<collectingCountry id="8AE8DAAB42255CAA1892FDE451AD2B10" name="United States of America">U. S. A.</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="5FA8D88D3E0204BDDBA26CF33D583B8C" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3101C929816ECA5E92863DA2FD9D7A82" author="Anderson" firstAuthor="Anderson" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium" pagination="1-82" refId="B30" refString="Anderson CE (2007) Revision of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae). Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 25: 182." title="Revision of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae)." volume="25" year="2007">Anderson 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2EAC0971B1F380B3B6437F59475D7E94" refId="B90" refString="POWO (2024) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ [Accessed 26. 11. 2023]" url="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/" year="2024">POWO 2024</bibRefCitation>
). For an identification key for all species of
<taxonomicName id="92353CEC503548940A3A359334F4E32B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malpighiaceae" genus="Galphimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D98519EC3509CBA6E700F61E0A97F9CE" italics="true">Galphimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="4C6B8D0BEF3229E6351C9B77D44983DF" author="Anderson CE" firstAuthor="Anderson" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium" pagination="1-82" refId="B30" refString="Anderson CE (2007) Revision of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae). Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 25: 182." title="Revision of Galphimia (Malpighiaceae)." volume="25" year="2007">Anderson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>