355 lines
50 KiB
XML
355 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="8873" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3265b06a-0db8-4bcd-9696-05db5838a97f" ID-PMC="PMC7813805" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1009-139" ID-Pensoft-UUID="67BE369624D8537A9CEC650DB1EBC416" ID-PubMed="33519258" ID-ZooBank="3E78899F3A6F4C21A6904375A15EA34A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1009-139" checkinTime="1610662662252" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhu, Pingzhou, Kavanaugh, David H. & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2021" docId="4259CDC75E6C5A169D17EF53233310FE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1009: 139-151" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1009" docPubDate="2021-01-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515" docTitle="Xestopus cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="67BE369624D8537A9CEC650DB1EBC416" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="67BE369624D8537A9CEC650DB1EBC416" masterDocTitle="Notes on the genus Xestopus from China, with description of a new species (Carabidae, Sphodrini, Dolichina)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1732822643250" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="715C5A4E19838AB17D821359F6583368">Notes on the genus Xestopus from China, with description of a new species (Carabidae, Sphodrini, Dolichina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="174BF81E9422C5C488B19A778B8C6EF6">Zhu, Pingzhou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ED3ABF3629DEFEB9D38DA5D10C11D835" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-6764</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="44478A987F3E8A51C063D684C2D27CD1">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5D3D7666490E440E35BC0986E60CB61D">Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB389C2D56F70495644F5369185D4D81">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA & Research Professor, Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A2DB095F04C100F710969DD1222628B0">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A094E0F8FF1213C7FB31F661B3F79398">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="20C247871BBB989BEDACA097796E00C8" type="email">lianghb@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C8134C6EAAD8B81651A1D0FAEC2443B6">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F71EB7C0CE0AA5B2722575F738D2D92D">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="62039BDEC94F8A0D62C33CDD7684381D">2021-01-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F59C6723BB3F15D1E45566DBEBBA3601">1009</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="23661A32363F88F5901489ED4EFAAF1A">139</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="4780A9F256B7A6D22C7B7E4B876EF2B9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="ED04F55EE6F1082041F48A0B052130A0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9A42AE72200C2ECAF6B51B44B8D3F1E7" type="ZooBank">3E78899F3A6F4C21A6904375A15EA34A</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4259CDC75E6C5A169D17EF53233310FE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176584332" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4259CDC75E6C5A169D17EF53233310FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4259CDC75E6C5A169D17EF53233310FE" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_subTribe="Dolichina" scope_tribe="Sphodrini">
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<subSubSection id="5DA58DABBE7254E71AD121C7676457B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="206ACB4E70DED8C6B471975EFD4D9ECD" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="F55D3D6A835A9C6C5247AE8FB48BBC2F" ID-CoL="7FXMH" LSID="4259CDC7-5E6C-5A16-9D17-EF53233310FE" authority="Sciaky & Facchini, 1997" authorityName="Sciaky & Facchini" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus cyaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Xestopus cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="6D6FB789C960DA265444427E744F6F9D" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Holotypes of Xestopus spp. 1 X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. (male, Xizang, IZAS) 2 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 (female, Xizang, CRS). Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496215" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BD3AFFF8AB3CF1CDD43DE35911904B08" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">, 11-18</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CECEA8DEBAD9A976CBAD7EFE52E31226" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution map for Xestopus from China: X. gutangensis sp. nov. (blue); X. cyaneus (red)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496217" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">, 19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7F672DBF42FB150F12462503F2AF59D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CD71DBB18331BA875D15457F94B13433" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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<taxonomicName id="3B9261826EA9AD1838C9AB9B43BBC27C" authorityName="Sciaky & Facchini" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus cyaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Xestopus cyaneus</taxonomicName>
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Sciaky & Facchini, 1997: 235 (type locality: Anjula Pass, SE Tibet, China; holotype in CRS);
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<bibRefCitation id="B0F09674C220A60992F624DFFB067F0B" author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" refId="B9" refString="Lorenz, W, 1998. Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World." year="1998">Lorenz 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 373 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="2B8A3735FFA16D297AAFBEA39C044E1A" author="Hovorka, O" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="1). Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="529 - 530" refId="B8" refString="Hovorka, O, Sciaky, R, 2003. Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 1). Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 529 - 530" title="Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2003">Hovorka and Sciaky 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 530 (catalogue);
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<bibRefCitation id="95086FDA88439A1F435FF3E56273F88B" author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" refId="B10" refString="Lorenz, W, 2005. Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeopteraGeadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae), second edition. Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World (InsectaColeopteraGeadephaga: Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae), second edition." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 399 (catalogue);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="CF8C9A21F3F27FEA698A1E0AC0FF2313" author="Hovorka, O" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="1. 2 nd Edn.). Brill, Leiden and Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="768 - 769" refId="B7" refString="Hovorka, O, 2017. Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 1. 2nd Edn.). Brill, Leiden and Boston: 768 - 769" title="Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2017">Hovorka 2017</bibRefCitation>
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: 769 (catalogue).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5A106CD435357BF7C5834EC3F7734DDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="091D350FF4298B1DE8DE1900BC47FA9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="759EA27CC18D5F491B5EA50B64821C9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
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Total 196 specimens.
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<emphasis id="EF6D41756DC81D9A97D898EB798765E1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Holotype</emphasis>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="A354AA3CEEFECB31608543869A2B8BDC" authorityName="Sciaky & Facchini" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus cyaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
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<emphasis id="E6F5239F1A62EDFE6E91AA70DBA9B66B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Xestopus cyaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sciaky & Facchini, 1997, by monotypy (CRS): female, body length = 16.1 mm, board mounted, "Tibet S. Or. Anjula Pass 9.7.95 leg. Tarasov", "HOLOTYPUS
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<taxonomicName id="7DF779C63C23AF54D17889BAE9D66D58" authorityName="Sciaky & Facchini" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus cyaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">Xestopus cyaneus</taxonomicName>
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n. sp. Det. Sciaky 1996" [red label]. One male and one female (CRS), "China, Tibet, Motuo co., Hanmi, VI.2013"; one male and one female (CRS), "China, Tibet, Motuo co., Hanmi, VIII.2013"; one male and three females (CRS), "China, Tibet, Linzhi area, Linzhi, 2000 m, VIII-IX.2019"; three females (CRS), "China, Tibet, Linzhi area, Mt. Serkyla, 3000-4000 m, VIII.2018"; four females (CRS), "China, Tibet, Bomi county, 2500 m, VIII.2019"; one female (IZAS), "China, Yunnan, Fugong, Lishadi Town, 4km below Shibali Road,
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<geoCoordinate id="5B8904FC84511D32E1BA90008BF576E3" degrees="27.15727" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.15727">27.15727°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6852A173D3BA55586B360CAA489E836F" degrees="98.79784" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.79784">98.79784°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2280 m, 2005.VIII.11 N, Tang G lgt."; two males and three females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, 4 km E of Shibali on Shibali Road, 2280 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="9CCF0EA99C669F48E8CFFAF36D4C584C" degrees="27.15727" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.15727">27.15727°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="940B7C099EAF8301CFC926FCBBD6D76E" degrees="098.79784" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.79784">098.79784°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11 August 2005, Stop# DHK-2005-076A, D. Z. Dong collector"; five males and two females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, Shibali Road from Galadi village to 2.5 km W,
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<geoCoordinate id="9C72B2F29E44C9EADEDBA8A72BFA0DDF" degrees="27.13863" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.13863">27.13863°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FBA5C8E2315476094073D628CAA4529C" degrees="098.82174" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.82174">098.82174°E</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="6AC85B5AC4AE6B7DFAC29940E625CFF0" degrees="27.14286" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.14286">27.14286°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EC9BFDFF6033FDAC596995CC2E642BB1" degrees="098.82001" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.82001">098.82001°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1845-1940 m, 9 August 2005, Stop #DHK-2005-071, D.H. Kavanaugh, H.B. Liang, & D. Z. Dong collectors"; one female (IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lishadi Township, Yamu He at Shikuliudi village,
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<geoCoordinate id="3DEB51B00833A9A1CFF9028E95335F13" degrees="27.11876" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.11876">27.11876°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E81B91A8D1822773CFB48F4B485F730C" degrees="098.83118" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.83118">098.83118°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1800 m, 26 April 2004, Stop #LHB-2004-008B, Liang H.-B. collector"; one female (CAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, 4 km E of Lao Shibali on Lao Shibali Road, 2120 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="6CE041D0DF7DA4C92E28359E140DC26B" degrees="27.09700" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.097">27.09700°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="19680FE08C346ACA05AA5C2FD9829724" degrees="098.80570" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.8057">098.80570°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 21 August 2005, Stop# DHK-2005-101, D. Z. Dong collector"; three males and three females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, 1.5 km above confluence of North and South Forks of Yamu He on Lao Shibali Road, 1825 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="CE7CE700EC736A0F6BBD46258B7D7479" degrees="27.11992" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.11992">27.11992°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7276ABF1BA6B275EF4E262F04EA023F8" degrees="098.83150" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.8315">098.83150°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 15 August 2005, at night, Stop# LHB-05-55, H.B. Liang collector"; three females (IZAS), "China, Yunnan, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku village,
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<geoCoordinate id="D0F515FB732B4C53C079B4E0F1A5A775" degrees="27.684453" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.684452">27.684453°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="63BB9F2B1C30AF36B2922F18EE548689" degrees="98.30547" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30547">98.30547°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1691 m, 2019. VIII.21 N, Liang HB & Xu Y lgt."; one female (IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, Maku, 1823 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="DF299498B7B4FD9C94EA9DCA897F8A26" degrees="27.68553" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.68553">27.68553°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="642CE5BDE78C559C136965D6756CDD56" degrees="098.30425" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30425">098.30425°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 November 2004, Stop # LHB-2004-042, H.-B. Liang collector"; three males and three females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, Maku village, 1800 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="E8A0701A9FB501BAEBDF2B3B8F7BB63C" degrees="27.68498" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.68498">27.68498°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BE792AB512E93BBF33DB37EBEEF01ED9" degrees="098.30299" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30299">098.30299°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-100, D.H. Kavanaugh, J.A. Miller, & D.Z. Dong collectors"; 43 males and 35 females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, Maku village,
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<geoCoordinate id="2136C32134D853324ACC4EEF802A313A" degrees="27.68545" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.68545">27.68545°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5871F42646D3D41FE9DC71FFD4B61F0F" degrees="098.30419" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30419">098.30419°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1815 m, 2 September 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-119, Y. Liu & D. Z. Dong collectors"; ten males and nine females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, 0.1 airkm NW of Maku Yakou, 1880 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="4D851C3FE5175366C62101E7A600A8D3" degrees="27.67937" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.67937">27.67937°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="69A8606EF40155BC651A8C5EC5943CFB" degrees="098.29617" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.29617">098.29617°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 31 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-110, Y. Liu collector"; nine males and seven females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, 0.5 air km WSW of Maku village on trail to Maku Yakou, 1845 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="30F7F6359DCE5F0C169D8C3ADB2ED3D9" degrees="27.68310" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.6831">27.68310°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="564105A34ABB980682A05B125E19C131" degrees="098.30038" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30038">098.30038°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-103, D. H. Kavanaugh collector"; eight males and five females (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, 0.5 air km WSW of Maku village on trail to Maku Yakou, 1845 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F298F2CD1EA99FDCDC8995C1AC8620A6" degrees="27.68310" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.6831">27.68310°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="22FBC4221090109998F13F6200E7366E" degrees="098.30038" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30038">098.30038°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-108, D.H. Kavanaugh, J.A. Miller, D.Z. Dong, & Y. Liu collectors"; two males (CAS, IZAS), "CHINA, Yunnan, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, 0.5 airkm WSW of Maku village on trail to Maku Yakou, 1845 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8D95C9622169F48D75F400A94A7B1A13" degrees="27.68310" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.6831">27.68310°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="37699D459161EBB2C199FBBD9B94451F" degrees="098.30038" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.30038">098.30038°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 29 August 2006, Stop #DHK-2006-116, D. Z. Dong collector"; one female (CAS), "CHINA, Yunnan Province, Gaoligong Shan, Nujiang Prefecture, Nujiang State Nature Reserve, Qiqi area, 10.3 air km W of Gongshan,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A26D19FF3374080F0CD4CEEEF5362BE9" degrees="27.71542" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="27.71542">27.71542°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="635EDF3928C17871E5308AFCB52CDB03" degrees="98.56529" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="98.56529">98.56529°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2010 m, 9-14 July 2000, Stop#00-22C, D.H. Kavanaugh, C.E. Griswold, Liang H.-B., D. Ubick, & Dong D.-Z. collectors"; one male (IZAS), "China, Tibet, Bomi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13F4F06031618A495BAB9D77C4CC3FE3" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Tongmai bridge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3DDC962E5E3FF10DC22C93B2D0B5AFDF" degrees="30.09633" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.09633">30.09633°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5C9336FC20A461D90ED19C165340A7C1" degrees="95.06577" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.06577">95.06577°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2035m, 2006.VIII.30 N, Liang HB & Song ZS lgt."; one male (IZAS), "CHINA, Xizang, Nyingchi, Bomi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="681ADBDAC29DDCFCDD85475CFDEFC525" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Tangmai bridge, Beach of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="107DC0159477A7A9ACC6121659FC06B3" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
Zangbo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6A7A3064FB8FF2B11B16317E4E0B6C10" degrees="30.09633" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.09633">30.09633°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="297B797CE26A6D98CC06932D8283378B" degrees="95.06577" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.06577">95.06577°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2035 m, 2020.VIII.31 N, Liang H.B. & Zhang N. lgt."; one female (IZAS), "CHINA, Xizang, Nyingchi, Bomi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D0420BD957DF2726122A65743C937C7C" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Tangmai bridge, Beach of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="53DFEA21CC7EE2370E2E73D180F8BAC8" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
Zangbo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A2044316528237AC14CEE66596ADEC07" degrees="30.09633" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="30.09633">30.09633°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2E4F34DCB739B9949E253102900D34BD" degrees="95.06577" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.06577">95.06577°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2035 m, 2020.IX.1 N, Liang H.B. & Zhang N. lgt."; one male (IZAS), "China, Tibet,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15FF3A8385E4D4F5F480C8DB7A953B70" originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Dagmo road to Gutang,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7369E069DA7AA08684A8E70AA6D05D3B" degrees="29.5150" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="29.515">29.5150°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D14A5AD894AAB133C22741D1401D998A" degrees="95.4642" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="95.4642">95.4642°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1679 m, 2016.VIII.16, Qiu TF lgt."; one female (IZAS), "China, Xizang,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B479DC281EC89EEAA714168A8B2A724" originalValue="Zhamo-Mêdog">Zhamo-Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
road 78K, light trap,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F27ABB9240D4FE28A8FE098E03E2D81F" degrees="29.66570" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.6657">29.66570°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EB1C9558B2CC3375D3ECF48E8F7EDAA2" degrees="95.49577" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.49577">95.49577°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2104 m, 2017.VIII.15 N, Liang HB lgt."; three males and three females (IZAS), "China, Xizang, Nyingchi City,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="449A2019615F7CCF5DF0B114C4DE724D" originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
County, Dagmo Township,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E90A4EFDC685DE0E3D4664112CB95331" originalValue="Zhamo-Mêdog">Zhamo-Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
road 80K,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C65D5CD18E7551B71011415B3C143EAA" degrees="29.657947" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.657948">29.657947°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7894161AE87DA2C611F8BB84CC7853E8" degrees="95.489994" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.48999">95.489994°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2073.40 m, 2020.IX.17 N, Liang H.B. & Xu Y. lgt."; one male (IZAS), "China, Xizang, Nyingchi City,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3733A5162B09F28AB7D5E4DDE849A1D4" originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
County, Dagmo Township,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9809C88E644B5F06B426F1FDE586BE33" originalValue="Zhamo-Mêdog">Zhamo-Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
road 80K,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EBA991160A2AEAA939DFECDA9BF51970" degrees="29.657947" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="29.657948">29.657947°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4275F28A0B13D79946A2D75A145C801E" degrees="95.489994" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="95.48999">95.489994°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2073.40 m, 2020.IX.17 N, Zhang Neng lgt.";one female (CCCC), "China, Xizang, Bomi, Tongmai, 2262 m, 2016.VII.24, Lu YQ lgt."; two males and two females (CCCC), "China, Xizang, Bomi,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCBFA1D2DF073FE5711B0D2F560701A8" originalValue="Yi’ong">Yi'ong</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2380 m, 2016.VII.26, Lu YQ lgt."; one male and two females (CCCC), "China, Xizang,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5047143A326EB58F080A4703B3EFDC58" originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 80K, 2350 m, 2016.VII.30, Lu YQ lgt.".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CEABB264899294681290337C53D85A5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5E52FC8CBF1AACDFCF37A5A354D5771" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE42223D2D14F574A674881B8908B6EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
Dorsum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBDA23BB486F3197D19986AC3280C467" captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Holotypes of Xestopus spp. 1 X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. (male, Xizang, IZAS) 2 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 (female, Xizang, CRS). Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496215" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) black, elytra with more or less bluish metallic luster. Anterior pair of supraorbital setae absent (an anterior supraorbital seta present on one or both sides in a very few specimens). Pronotum with lateral margins very faintly sinuate before posterior angles. Apices of elytra acute (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8347D9724E0EBDF30F7D12BA3F9EF044" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind wings full-sized. Metepisternum long and narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B89BFAAB0F2348DA1A9AD18AF289DC20" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A592F20A72AA91F0176915F1FA1017D" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Supplementary description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E108A38FE636D384286BBD5F73F62B45" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">BL = 15.4-18.6 mm, BW = 6.2-7.4 mm. PW/PL = 1.37-1.54. PW/PBW = 1.40-1.59. PAW/PBW = 1.19-1.44. EL/EW = 1.51-1.68.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="53218991DA3DBE6B24E36809C5959F0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC6895ECF689ADE397BCB1A5848ABF67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EF8F6EC619BD25F77C0DA53C0702483" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="63892A7BE31E5CB8B04FE196FBDEA515" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5C29208C4C82A2D93B22F7A34238D2F" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) long, stout and straight but slightly bent ventrally; apical orifice broadly open dorsally, very long and wide, from basal bulb to apical lamella; in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2893A06BBA43F39863BE65C6190D4D70" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
), left and right margins both straight, apical lamella very long, length about three times as its basal width, moderately dilated in the middle, apex acute; in left lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="05F904638D707B0F1EA721C66DB440E3" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
), ventral margin straight, not expanded in the middle, apical portion slightly bent ventrally, apical lamella thick and straight. Left paramere (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CC92404FDDA48B8BD13D299FF081C446" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">13</figureCitation>
|
||
) large and round, with a membranous filament at apex. Right paramere (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="24F5B643B9BFBE6EEAEF3A53F5F1BDAC" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">12</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly styloid and curved, the angle between basal portion and apical portion nearly 100°; apical portion straight, apical hook acute. Endophallus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="57B14DA83E24E2F073476DBD16C7DFAD" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) simple, only a single large lobe, straight, extended left at an angle of about 45° relative to longitudinal axis of the median lobe in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="345C7DEFA90693C88BC5FA49EFAF678F" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
); surface with a densely setose area present on left side, without scales; gonopore lobe long and narrow, located at apex of endophallus, gonopore directed toward apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="592AB81A888BFFA85C45E030F581D225" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="71D4DF19BFB429566353F26ACEA8074D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5D82B623FA9E47E6F212A12B3DFC130" captionStart="Figures 3–18" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 3 - 18. Morphological features of Xestopus spp. 3 - 6 holotype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 7 - 10 paratype of X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. 11 - 18 X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 3, 11 median lobe of aedeagus A dorsal view B left lateral view 4, 12 right paramere 5, 13 left paramere 6, 14 apex of left elytron 7, 15 endophallus A left lateral view B ventral view C right lateral view D dorsal view 8, 16 female reproductive system 9, 17 female tergum VIII 10, 18 female sternum VIII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figures3-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496216" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">16-18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonocoxite II of ovipositor moderately long, length about three times basal width, with one ensiform seta at external margin, sensory pit of apical gonocoxite absent. Bursa copulatrix large and elongate. Spermatheca moderately long and tube-like, length about five times maximum width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCF5EC2D03AFEADA80F51E81F8507ACE" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="66D1150A11D4430757FD768DFCA88CCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40583B7DFB56B1BB70484AA4A67CDE7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B55C84BC7E2DAE0C8A5AA3DDD13676E0" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution map for Xestopus from China: X. gutangensis sp. nov. (blue); X. cyaneus (red)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496217" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is known from Xizang (Bomi and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FF09228E4F85B40066E6ED9EF9AC6FAC" originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
|
||
counties) and Yunnan (Gongshan and Fugong, new provincial record). The records from Sichuan cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C2012320A9E592E6BFC83F6FC1AF5A1D" author="Hovorka, O" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="1). Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="529 - 530" refId="B8" refString="Hovorka, O, Sciaky, R, 2003. Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 1). Archostemata-Myxophaga-Adephaga. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 529 - 530" title="Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2003">Hovorka and Sciaky (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36C1C3840F0037B85C198FDFBFC53610" author="Hovorka, O" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="1. 2 nd Edn.). Brill, Leiden and Boston" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" pagination="768 - 769" refId="B7" refString="Hovorka, O, 2017. Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834. In: Loebl, I, Loebl, D, Eds., Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 1. 2nd Edn.). Brill, Leiden and Boston: 768 - 769" title="Subtribe Dolichina Brulle, 1834." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2017">Hovorka (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is clearly wrong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="72A349E81C897CC784D398CFB156DBD5" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496217" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" start="Figure 19" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF2DEAC261059F6630907E5B65942C48" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B58C9DCFD3D12452598E8BA2CC21E9A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5205623054E18C958D13BB7350F3C97" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="38E3C524BDEA22C36D8A003CC4FEAA4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Xestopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from China:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71EDB8F7662A9AB7C493A99EF7384B44" lsidName="X. gutangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="gutangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="81CECE5F0FC25642BBD39EADDF6B4F96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">X. gutangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (blue);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A1520BDBE5FAE69C0840E7834F9B177" lsidName="X. cyaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="94C6383F4E8C5F416A50052DF10B8EC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">X. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(red).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B404792B8561BB1BE54B93F1C9B5977E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="D019C82D2F42D30B7161AB206B222952" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="069F120906AC885CA977F266619E053E" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
The number of pairs of supraorbital setae is a very important character within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D238F56B6F457D59196B89184FDFDCC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for both classification and systematics. In most members of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="694FF531ABC543373E8DA82A94A8B160" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only one pair of supraorbital setae is present at a middle position in relation to the diameter of the eyes, while most other ground beetles have two pairs of supraorbital setae. A few non-harpaline carabids lack one pair of supraorbital setae, but the other pair is present either in an anterior or a posterior position relative to the eyes instead of at the middle position as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BF47118B7B37D21EA13B0672D5AD633" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Harpalinae">Harpalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is, therefore, usually easy to determine whether it is the anterior or posterior pair of supraorbital setae that is missing. Variation in this apparently apomorphic feature does not appear to have much value in high-level phylogeny. For example, members of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6C253A9EE6EEA84FD535271BD49EACA" authorityName="Casale" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Reflexisphodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reflexisphodrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEA8E1309E294F072A7665D01F4CF97F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Reflexisphodrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Casale, 1988 and genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76BCFB486A1C1D24333C604E355BE311" authorityName="Casale" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Eosphodrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eosphodrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFE13336E28BBA7783621E5C53E8B952" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Eosphodrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Casale, 1988 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FA1D040CB368AE0BE5396B38FCD8093" authorityName="Laporte de Castelnau" authorityYear="1834" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphodrini">Sphodrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CD9739803D05CD7505CED4B6C62022D" authorityName="Casale" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Sphodrina">Sphodrina</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lack the posterior pair of supraorbital setae while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA1520EF9763A8AD25BBF40DBFECA948" authority="Unitrichus" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus (Unitrichus) subsp. subgenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Unitrichus">Pterostichus subgenus Unitrichus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sciaky, 1997 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BB378A21B4EF64C440ADCC98FB8E453" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="tribe" tribe="Pterostichini">Pterostichini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lack the anterior pair just like most members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CC9694A0B6EE0C708E687A1A3D69124" authorityName="Sciaky & Facchini" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus cyaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD0D46CB617C5CBDC16BB3A08737BD18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Xestopus cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The single species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ABD13FA97E784BE5325F5E8433A61F" authorityName="Sciaky" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Unitrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unitrichus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA8FAA2B565B974E64225DB958F59766" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Unitrichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9603923F3C003355FF13E59248012D9D" authorityName="Sciaky" authorityYear="1997" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus platyops" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platyops">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE2A4705ADA17D9DF2742515560CB191" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Pterostichus platyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sciaky, 1997, from Yunnan, China, is distinguished from members of other subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2C317F092BDED52BC84A3920E1A464E" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pterostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pterostichus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3E2CE812F33DE06E74D161B6FA893E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Pterostichus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of the anterior pair of supraorbital setae and the presence of many setae at the middle of mentum. We have found a second, undescribed species from Yunnan, China with the similar appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADD63D820B7302C0911D95A8F33FA69A" lsidName="P. platyops" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="platyops">
|
||
<emphasis id="12800802BFCCFF6BE388F9EB7F8F01AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">P. platyops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many setae present at the middle of mentum, but with the anterior pair of supraorbital setae present (unpublished data), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4D5F39057D65F5AD7D1374CFC2F4B52" authorityName="Zhu & Kavanaugh" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Xestopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xestopus gutangensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gutangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D4BDAE5061E5F0961F24FA2D8D25C0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">Xestopus gutangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. These two examples show that differences in the number of supraorbital setae between closely related species is possible, even if it is rarely seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F97BBF5030BA661674F096BDAD99B927" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">
|
||
In our examination of 260 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A8EF17FC03CFA40B4C1CE4BB8CDB263" lsidName="X. cyaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCB254976A69A07482DE4A6140C62A8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">X. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="493F556BE6A4802E09D44EA6A0D74148" lsidName="X. gutangensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="gutangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="511166EAECAC8E9A78AD162938B631A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">X. gutangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov., we found only five that had abnormal numbers of supraorbital setae for their species assignment based on other characters. All were clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84BEFEBCF2B3CDC32E434250CB7805A6" lsidName="X. cyaneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="139" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3F339A446366C20CFB08CEF0089071AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="139">X. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the shape of the elytral apex and features of either male or female genitalia. Three of these, including one male from Xizang and one male and one female from Yunnan, had an anterior supraorbital seta present on one side but absent from the other. In addition, we found one female from Xizang and one female from Yunnan that had anterior supraorbital setae present on both sides. Consequently, the presence or absence of anterior supraorbital setae is slightly less reliable for distinguishing these two species than are the shapes of the elytral apices and male and female genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |