188 lines
18 KiB
XML
188 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0A887C4FAF3A8E81A62F55C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura hildegardeae Thomas 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="525" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="525" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A887C4FAF3A8E81A62F55C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0A887C4FAF3A8E81A62F55C" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<heading pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<subSubSection box="[1406,1503,943,993]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1403,2536,943,1114]" box="[1406,1503,943,993]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<figureCitation box="[1406,1503,943,993]" captionStart="Plate 23: Soricidae" captionStartId="122.[130,160,3095,3120]" captionTargetBox="[13,2739,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="346. Mduma’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mdumaz), 347. Montane White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura montis), 348. Newmark’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura newmarki), 349. Munissi’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura munissi), 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana), 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae), 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana), 353. Niobe’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe), 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smith), 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha), 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelti), 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata), 358. Grasse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grasset), 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina), 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps), 361. Crosse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crosser), 362. Jouvenet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae), 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania), 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lttoralis), 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca), 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea), 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea), 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti), 370. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae), 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi), 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis), 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui), 375. Fraser’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis), 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae), 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila), 378. Fox’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi), 379. Bittikofer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi), 380. Therese’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae), 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps), 382. Wimmer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmenr), 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca), 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla), 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871925/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">370.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1506,2237,943,993]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1403,2536,943,1114]" box="[1506,2237,943,993]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<vernacularName box="[1506,2237,943,993]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1409,1844,987,1033]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1403,2536,943,1114]" box="[1409,1844,987,1033]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1409,1844,987,1033]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildegardeae">
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<emphasis box="[1409,1844,987,1033]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Crocidura hildegardeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1403,2536,943,1114]" box="[1405,2535,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1405,1480,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1489,1732,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Crocidure de Hildegarde</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1753,1843,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1853,2169,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Hildegarde-WeiRRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2189,2280,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2291,2535,1050,1071]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Musarana de Hildegarde</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1403,2536,943,1114]" box="[1404,1854,1090,1111]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1404,1651,1090,1111]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1662,1854,1090,1111]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Hildegarde's Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[2016,2612,1154,1582]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2016,2172,1154,1187]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1904" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildegardeae">Crocidura hildegardeae Thomas, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2102,2338,1199,1228]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[2016,2612,1154,1582]" box="[2102,2338,1199,1228]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<materialsCitation box="[2102,2338,1199,1228]" country="Kenya" location="Fort Hall" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" specimenCount="1">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0A887C4FAF3A8E81A62F55C:B031AD99A0A887C4F7BBAFE81AE8FB35" box="[2102,2230,1199,1228]" country="Kenya" name="Fort Hall" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Fort Hall</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2247,2334,1199,1228]" name="Kenya" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[2016,2612,1154,1582]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[2020,2313,1233,1266]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hildegardeae">Crocidura hildegardeae</taxonomicName>
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seems to be basal to a large clade including
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duvernoy" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[2347,2468,1277,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="0" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">C. cyanea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[2485,2603,1277,1306]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silacea">C. silacea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" box="[2021,2131,1320,1345]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesi">C. batesi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" box="[2155,2242,1320,1345]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="foxi">C. foxi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jentink" authorityYear="1888" box="[2265,2444,1320,1345]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="528" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buettikoferi">C. buettikoferi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[2467,2603,1320,1345]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="0" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="theresae">C. theresae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1983" box="[2021,2193,1359,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="538" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandiceps">C. grandiceps</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2278,2423,1359,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wimmeri">C. wimmeri</taxonomicName>
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, with only
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariquensis">C. mariquensis</taxonomicName>
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being more basal within this clade. This large clade is sister to a clade including
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brosset, Dubost & Heim de Balsac" authorityYear="1965" box="[2165,2293,1477,1502]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crenata">C. crenata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Heuglin" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[2311,2505,1477,1502]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscomurina">C. fuscomurina</taxonomicName>
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, C. crosset,
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<taxonomicName box="[2069,2237,1514,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jouvenetae">C. jouvenetae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1915" box="[2318,2469,1514,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lusitania">C. lusitania</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sanderson" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virgata">Crocidura virgata</taxonomicName>
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is recognized as a distinct species
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" box="[1407,2245,1589,1622]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">here based on its distinct chromosome number. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871729/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" targetBox="[1403,1994,1165,1578]" targetPageId="128">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1406,1582,1628,1661]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SE Cameroon, S Central African Republic, N Republic of the Congo, N & E DR Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W Kenya, and Tanzania, and as well as a single record each from S South Sudan and SW Ethiopia; distributional limits of Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew are still uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1661,1785,1818]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 64-77 mm, tail 39-56 mm, ear 8-11 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm; weight 4-6-7-7 g. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew is medium-sized, with rather prominent ears and short fur. Males are usually larger, on average, than females. Dorsal pelage is chocolate-brown (individual hairs are chocolate-brown with dark brown tips), and ventral pelage is pale brown. Forelimbs are chocolate-brown, and hindlimbs are dark brown on outer sides and yellowish brown on inner sides. Tail is ¢.70% of head-body length, barely hairy, and slightly bicolored, being blackish above and brown below. There are three unicuspids. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 52 and FN = 76 in Burundi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1519,2140,2173]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry and wet montane and highland forests and moderately disturbed and undisturbed montane forests. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrews have also been reported in cultivated areas and moist savannas in Rwanda.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1408,1909,2259,2292]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" box="[1408,1909,2259,2292]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1670,2259,2292]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1408,1543,2298,2331]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Reproductive activity of Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrews has been recorded in July and August, with pregnancy rates of 25% and 50%, respectively. Embryo countis two embryos/female based on three pregnant females.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1407,2323,2416,2449]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" box="[1407,2323,2416,2449]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1407,1642,2416,2449]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew is nocturnal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1409,2348,2455,2488]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" box="[1409,2348,2455,2488]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,2109,2455,2488]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1409,1768,2494,2527]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew has a wide distribution, faces no major threats, and is considered common throughout much ofits distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="128" pageNumber="525" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="128.[1406,2614,1589,2725]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1410,1563,2621,2646]" pageId="128" pageNumber="525">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Demeter & Hutterer (1986), Hutterer & Jenkins (2016c), Oguge et al. (2004), Schlitter et al. (1999), Setzer (1956), Stanley (2013b), Stanley, Goodman & Kihaule (1998), Stanley, Kihaule et al. (1998), Swynnerton & Hayman (1951), Vogel et al. (2013), Yalden et al. (1996).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |