177 lines
17 KiB
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177 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A0748718FFF6AE211B4AFD5E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura maxi Sody 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="487" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="487" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870164" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A0748718FFF6AE211B4AFD5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A0748718FFF6AE211B4AFD5E" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<heading pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<subSubSection box="[123,205,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[120,1134,1382,1510]" box="[123,205,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<figureCitation box="[123,205,1382,1432]" captionStart="Plate 20: Soricidae" captionStartId="80.[125,155,3104,3125]" captionTargetBox="[12,2740,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="226. Malayan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura malayana), 227. Peninsular White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negligens), 228. Black-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigripes), 229. Bornean White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foetida), 230. Kinabalu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura baluensis), 231. Thick-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura brunnea), 232. Oriental White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura orientalis), 233. Bangka White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vosmaeri), 234. Hutan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hutanis), 235. Beccari’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beccarii), 236. Sumatran Giant White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lepidura), 237. Mount Malindang White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandis), 238. Mindanao White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura beata), 239. Mindoro White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mindorus), 240. Panay White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura panayensis), 241. Negros White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura negrina), 242. Luzon White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grayi), 243. Sibuyan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura ninoyi), 244. Palawan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura palawanensis), 245. Javan Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura abscondita), 246. Gathorne’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gathornei), 247. Horsfield’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura horsfieldii), 248. Sinharaja White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hikmiya), 249. Sri Lankan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura miya), 250. Lesser Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wataser), 251. Southeast Asian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuliginosa), 252. Large White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dracula), 253. Sumatran Long-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura paradoxura), 254. Dsinezumi White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dsinezuma), 255. Chinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura rapax), 256. Ussuri White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lasiura), 257. Asian Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attenuata), 258. Zaitsev’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zaitsevi), 259. Indochinese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura indochinensis), 260. Hainan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wuchihensis), 261. Timor White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tenuis), 262. Javan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maxi), 263. Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura umbra), 264. Sunda White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura monticola), 265. Neglected White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura neglecta)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871919/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">262.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[213,789,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[120,1134,1382,1510]" box="[213,789,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<vernacularName box="[213,789,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Javan White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[860,1133,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[120,1134,1382,1510]" box="[860,1133,1382,1432]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1936" box="[860,1133,1382,1432]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxi">
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<emphasis box="[860,1133,1382,1432]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Crocidura maxi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[120,1134,1382,1510]" box="[122,1056,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,197,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[206,384,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Crocidure de Max</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[404,495,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[504,755,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Java-Weil3zahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[776,868,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[877,1056,1449,1470]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Musarana de Java</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="92.[120,1134,1382,1510]" box="[122,654,1489,1510]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,368,1489,1510]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[379,507,1489,1510]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Max's Shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[520,654,1489,1510]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Sunda Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[734,1258,1562,1587]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[734,1327,1562,1981]" box="[734,1258,1562,1587]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[734,889,1562,1587]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Sody, 1936" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1936" box="[903,1253,1562,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxi">Crocidura maxi Sody, 1936</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[734,1327,1562,1981]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<materialsCitation country="Indonesia" location="East Besuki" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="East Besuki">
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<collectingRegion pageId="92" pageNumber="487">East Besuki</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[845,967,1602,1627]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">East Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[984,1125,1602,1627]" name="Indonesia" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[734,1327,1562,1981]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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Due to a paucity of museum reference material and overall similar morphology, suggested to be only a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">C. monticola</taxonomicName>
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, but new evidence demonstrates that the species differ significantly at multiple DNA markers. Their uncorrected genetic distance measured for the cytochrome-b gene is 15%, which is well beyond the average value for sister species in mammals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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Genetic variation measured with allozyme loci across the Lesser Sunda populations indicates relatively low differentiation but significant heterozygosity, suggesting that these insular populations are of ancient origin, not founded recently by a few immigrant individuals. Morphologically similar, but genetically distinct C. uwmbra from western Java erroneously referred to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1936" box="[647,747,2145,2178]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maxi">C. maxi</taxonomicName>
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but the latter is now restricted to central and eastern Java and the Lesser Sundas. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871474/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" targetBox="[121,711,1564,1978]" targetPageId="92">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,302,2232,2257]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Distribution.</emphasis>
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C & E Java and Lesser Sunda Is (Bali, Sumbawa, Komodo, Sumba, Flores, Alor, Timor, and Roti); also on Ambon (Moluccas), Kai Besar (Kai Is), and Wokam (Aru Is). The only extant shrew distributed on the Sahul Shelf but it is unclear whether its marginal occurrence is natural or was aided by passive human transportation.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,374,2421,2454]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 54-75 mm, tail 44-53 mm, ear 5-5-9-6 mm, hindfoot 12-14 mm; weight 4-3-6-9 g. Populations on Flores and Alor are slightly larger and dimorphic, males being larger than females. Distinguished from the small-bodied but allopatric Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew by gray dorsal and much paler (whitish) ventral pelage, but otherwise similar in external and skull proportions. The Sunda White-toothed Shrew (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1870" box="[451,617,2625,2650]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">C. monticola</taxonomicName>
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) is smaller, especially for skull dimensions, while all other shrews from Java are larger than the Javan White-toothed Shrew. The Javan White-toothed Shrew and the Sunda White-toothed Shrew occur sympatrically in East Java (Mount Ijen) without any signs of interbreeding. Tail slightly shorter than head-body length, hairy, with dense applied hairs hiding scales, and long bristles present along its proximal half. Skull dimensions larger than those of the Sunda Whitetoothed Shrew, but similar to the allopatrically distributed Javan Ghost White-toothed Shrew. Other, potentially sympatric
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<taxonomicName box="[640,764,2893,2926]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
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shrews distributed in East Java and the Lesser Sundas are all much larger.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,236,2971,3004]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Altitudinal range 1000-1440 m in Java; from sea level to lower montane forests at 1300 m in the Lesser Sundas. The Javan White-toothed Shrew occurs in a wide range of habitats from grassland and, gardens to lowland riparian or gully rainforest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,390,3089,3122]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Javan White-toothed Shrews feed on invertebrates but no precise data are available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,259,3172,3201]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Breeding.</emphasis>
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On Flores, one nest made of
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<taxonomicName box="[696,809,3172,3201]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Imperata" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Imperata</taxonomicName>
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cylindrica (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[965,1082,3172,3201]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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) grass contained a family group, with a pair of adults and two young, suggesting that both parents may contribute in raising the family. In the Lesser Sundas several females collected from March through to May were pregnant (1-3 fetuses) or lactating. Further east, pregnant females were also captured in October, suggesting an extended breeding time coinciding with the rainy season. No data are available forJavan populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[121,1329,1988,3477]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,375,3408,3437]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Javan White-toothed Shrews have been found on the ground, under logs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1393,2332,290,323]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1393,2599,290,681]" box="[1393,2332,290,323]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,2093,290,323]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1393,2599,290,681]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1747,329,362]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Considered of Least concern on The IUCN Red List in view of its occurrence in primary forests but also in more disturbed habitats, including gardens, and its widespread distribution. Current status of populations living in the lowlands unknown, butlikely to be negatively affected by widespread deforestation and other anthropogenic changes in the region. Populations living at higher elevations— e.g. on Mount [jen or on Flores—are probably less vulnerable to human interference, butstill live outside well protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="92" pageNumber="487" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="92.[1393,2599,290,681]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1395,1547,614,639]" pageId="92" pageNumber="487">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Chiozza (2016c), Demos, Achmadi, Giarla et al. (2016), Demos, Achmadi, Handika et al. (2017), Hutterer (2005b), Jenkins (1982), Jentink (1910), Kitchener et al. (1994), Ruedi (1995).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |