164 lines
15 KiB
XML
164 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A053873FFF14A16A15BEFB78" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura usambarae Dippenaar 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="520" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="520" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A053873FFF14A16A15BEFB78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A053873FFF14A16A15BEFB78" lastPageNumber="520" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<heading pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<subSubSection box="[153,234,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[150,1360,2605,2726]" box="[153,234,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<figureCitation box="[153,234,2605,2647]" captionStart="Plate 23: Soricidae" captionStartId="122.[130,160,3095,3120]" captionTargetBox="[13,2739,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="346. Mduma’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mdumaz), 347. Montane White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura montis), 348. Newmark’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura newmarki), 349. Munissi’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura munissi), 350. Tanzanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tansaniana), 351. Usambara White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura usambarae), 352. Kivu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kivuana), 353. Niobe’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura niobe), 354. Desert White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura smith), 355. Sahelian Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pasha), 356. Roosevelt's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura roosevelti), 357. Long-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crenata), 358. Grasse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grasset), 359. Bicolored African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fuscomurina), 360. Flat-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura planiceps), 361. Crosse’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura crosser), 362. Jouvenet’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jouvenetae), 363. Mauritanian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lusitania), 364. Naked-tailed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lttoralis), 365. Gracile White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura maurisca), 366. Reddish-gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cyanea), 367. Swamp White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura mariquensis), 368. Lesser Gray-brown White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura silacea), 369. Dent's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura denti), 370. Hildegarde’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hildegardeae), 371. Mamfe White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura virgata), 372. Bates’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batesi), 373. Sao Tome White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura thomensis), 374. Fingui White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura fingui), 375. Fraser’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura poensis), 376. Nigerian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigeriae), 377. Hun White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura attila), 378. Fox’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura foxi), 379. Bittikofer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura buettikoferi), 380. Therese’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura theresae), 381. Large-headed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura grandiceps), 382. Wimmer’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura wimmenr), 383. African Black White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nigrofusca), 384. Savanna Dwarf White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nanilla), 385. Nimba White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nimbae)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871925/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">351.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[251,910,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[150,1360,2605,2726]" box="[251,910,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<vernacularName box="[251,910,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Usambara White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[981,1359,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[150,1360,2605,2726]" box="[981,1359,2605,2647]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dippenaar" authorityYear="1980" box="[981,1359,2605,2647]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usambarae">
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<emphasis box="[981,1359,2605,2647]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Crocidura usambarae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[150,1360,2605,2726]" box="[152,1273,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,228,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[237,484,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Crocidure des Usambara</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[505,595,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[605,914,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Usambara-WeiRRzahnspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[935,1026,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1036,1273,2665,2686]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Musarana de Usambara</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[150,1360,2605,2726]" box="[152,580,2703,2724]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,398,2703,2724]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[409,580,2703,2724]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Usambara Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" box="[763,1355,2777,2806]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[763,918,2777,2806]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dippenaar" authorityYear="1980" box="[950,1237,2777,2806]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usambarae">Crocidura usambarae</taxonomicName>
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Dippe-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" box="[764,1352,2820,2845]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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naar, 1980,
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<materialsCitation box="[945,1352,2820,2845]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">“‘Shume, 16 m n Lushoto,</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" box="[763,1354,2851,2884]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Tanzania’ on specimen label. Shume lies</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" box="[767,1354,2895,2924]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">13 km NW Lushoto, western West Usam-</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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bara Mts (4-67°S, 38-25°E, 1585 m).”
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dippenaar" authorityYear="1980" box="[766,1040,2973,3002]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="usambarae">Crocidura usambarae</taxonomicName>
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is sister to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hutterer" authorityYear="1986" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tansaniana">C. tansaniana</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[916,1038,3013,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monax">C. monax</taxonomicName>
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clade. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871691/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" targetBox="[147,738,2781,3193]" targetPageId="123">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[762,938,3048,3081]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from Magamba, Shume, Chome, and Mazumbai, NE Tanzania.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[761,1356,2777,3199]" box="[761,1351,3166,3199]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[761,1011,3166,3199]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 75-93 mm,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[148,1355,3212,3473]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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tail 54-62 mm, ear 9-10 mm, hindfoot 15-16 mm; weight 8-4-10-5 g. The Usambara White-toothed Shrew is medium-sized, with short ears that protrude beyond pelage. Dorsal and ventral pelage is rich brown, with steel gray hairs and brown tips. Feet are slightly paler than dorsum. Tail is ¢.73% of head-body length, hairy, covered with sparse short bristle hairs (shorter than most species of
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<taxonomicName box="[910,1034,3361,3394]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
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) near basal 10-25% of its length, and dark brown. Cranium is relatively short and dorso-ventrally compressed; interorbital region is short and broad; braincase is stout and globose, with angular
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">superior facet; maxillary plate is narrow and has large lachrymal foramen; lambdoidal crest is relatively prominent; I' is short and stout; and upper incisors are wide in occlusal view, with narrow cingula. There are three unicuspids.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1435,1546,412,445]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Moist montane forest and adjacent habitats, including agricultural fields adjacent to montane forests in South Pare Mountains. Some Usambara White-toothed Shrews have been recorded in edge habitats of montane forests and disturbed montane forests. They are much less common butstill present in drier habitats. They have been recorded at elevations of 1580-1830 m in Mgamba, Shume, and Mazumai and above 1100 m in the Chome Forest Reserve.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1434,1934,647,680]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" box="[1434,1934,647,680]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1434,1696,647,680]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1434,1569,687,720]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Usambara White-toothed Shrews with five embryos have been captured in July-September in Chome; one female with two embryos was captured in January in the West Usambara Mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1432,1906,804,837]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" box="[1432,1906,804,837]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1432,1667,804,837]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1433,2372,849,878]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" box="[1433,2372,849,878]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,2133,849,878]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1434,1780,885,918]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Usambara White-toothed Shrew has been recorded in the Chome Forest Reserve and is considered the most common shrew there (making up 70% of shrews captured), although it has a very restricted distribution and is threatened by encroachment of humans in the region and mining in East Usambaras.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="123" pageNumber="520" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="123.[1428,2641,293,1159]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,1586,1090,1115]" pageId="123" pageNumber="520">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Dippenaar (1980a), Giarla et al. (2017¢), Howell & Jenkins (1984), Stanley (2013g), Stanley, Goodman & Hutterer (1996), Stanley, Hutterer et al. (2015).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |