182 lines
19 KiB
XML
182 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870843" approvalRequired="304" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="45" approvalRequired_for_matCits="75" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="40" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="75" approvalRequired_for_treatments="69" checkinTime="1658335596803" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="3D474A54A04C8721FA2BAE2D10AAFBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Soricidae_0332.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Crocidura suaveolens" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="C17E322CA0288744FF8DAB47125EFFF9" masterDocTitle="Soricidae" masterLastPageNumber="551" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="496" updateTime="1658350298165" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soricidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>332</mods:start>
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<mods:end>551</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870843</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6870843</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6870217" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6870217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A04C8721FA2BAE2D10AAFBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D474A54A04C8721FA2BAE2D10AAFBAC" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<heading pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<subSubSection box="[1446,1528,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1443,2582,1386,1504]" box="[1446,1528,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<figureCitation box="[1446,1528,1386,1428]" captionStart="Plate 21: Soricidae" captionStartId="95.[123,153,3098,3119]" captionTargetBox="[14,2740,16,3636]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="266. Phu Quoc White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura phuquocensis), 267. Taiwanese Gray White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lanakae), 268. Phan Luong White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura phanluong), 269. Sokolov White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sokolouvi), 270. Cranbrook’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura cranbrooki), 271. Hill's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hilliana), 272. Voracious White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura vorax), 273. Sa Pa White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sapaensis), 274. Annamite White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura annamitensis), 275. Vietnamese White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura guy), 276. Ke Go White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura kegoensis), 277. Andaman Spiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura hispida), 278. Andaman White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura andamanensis), 279. Jenkins’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi), 280. Nicobar White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura nicobarica), 281. Christmas Island White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura trichura), 282. Siberian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura sibirica), 283. Shantung White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura shantungensts), 284. Guldenstadt’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura gueldenstaedtii), 285. Lesser White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura suaveolens), 286. Cyrenaica White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura aleksandrisi), 287. Zarudny’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura zarudnyi), 288. Greater Ryukyu White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura orii), 289. Batak White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura batakorum), 290. Mossy Forest White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura musseri), 291. Temboan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura rhoditis), 292. Lesser Black-footed White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura lea), 293. Sulawesi Tiny White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura levicula), 294. Elongated White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura elongata), 295. North African White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura pachyura), 296. Greater White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura russula), 297. Serezkaya White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura serezkyensis), 298. Whitaker's White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura whitakeri), 299. Flower’s White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura floweri), 300. Egyptian Pygmy White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura religiosa), 301. Bicolored White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura leucodon), 302. Saharan White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura tarfayensis), 303. Arabian White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura arabica), 304. Dhofar White-toothed Shrew (Crocidura dhofarensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871921/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">285.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1544,2132,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1443,2582,1386,1504]" box="[1544,2132,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<vernacularName box="[1544,2132,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Lesser White-toothed Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2204,2581,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1443,2582,1386,1504]" box="[2204,2581,1386,1428]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[2204,2581,1386,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
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<emphasis box="[2204,2581,1386,1428]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Crocidura suaveolens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1443,2582,1386,1504]" box="[1445,2355,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1445,1520,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1529,1740,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Crocidure des jardins</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1760,1851,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1860,2029,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Gartenspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2050,2141,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2151,2355,1444,1465]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Musarana de campo</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1443,2582,1386,1504]" box="[1444,1838,1483,1504]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1444,1691,1483,1504]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1701,1838,1483,1504]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Lesser Shrew</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection box="[2055,2646,1555,1584]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[2055,2649,1555,1978]" box="[2055,2646,1555,1584]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2055,2211,1555,1584]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Pallas, 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2233,2641,1555,1584]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">Sorex suaveolens Pallas, 1811</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[2055,2649,1555,1978]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<materialsCitation country="Russia" location="Khersones" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Crimea Peninsula">
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<locationDeviation box="[2057,2282,1595,1624]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">near Sevastopol</locationDeviation>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D474A54A04C8721FA2BAE2D10AAFBAC:B031AD99A04C8720F773AD7C1BCCF9A1" box="[2302,2450,1595,1624]" country="Russia" name="Khersones" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" stateProvince="Crimea Peninsula">Khersones</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Crimea Peninsula</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2157,2246,1638,1663]" name="Russia" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[2055,2649,1555,1978]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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Evidence retrieved from karyotype com- position and mtDNA and nDNA sequenc- es places
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2195,2367,1748,1781]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">C. suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2477,2649,1748,1781]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">C. suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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group. Composition of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2411,2587,1787,1820]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">C. suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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has changed recently;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2319,2488,1827,1860]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Sorex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suaveolens">C. suaveolens</taxonomicName>
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of Western and Central Europe are considered here as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[2096,2321,1906,1939]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="502" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gueldenstaedtii">C. gueldenstaedtii</taxonomicName>
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mimula. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6871532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6871532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6871532/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[1441,2031,1562,1975]" targetPageId="100">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" box="[1443,1843,1983,2016]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1443,1843,1983,2016]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="Pallas, 1811" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1811" box="[1445,1807,2032,2057]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="suaveolens" subSpecies="suaveolens">C.s.suaveolensPallas,1811—SBelarus,C&EUkraine,Moldova,andEuropeanRussiaStoNCaucasusandEtoSUralMts.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1901" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1901" box="[1445,1832,2102,2135]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="suaveolens" subSpecies="ilensis">C.s.ilensisG.S.Miller,1901—Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Turkmenistan,Kyrgyzstan,SWTajikistan,NIran,andprobablyNAfghanistan.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<taxonomicName authority="Ognev, 1928" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1928" box="[1445,1824,2180,2213]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="suaveolens" subSpecies="pamarensis">C. s. pamarensis Ognev, 1928</taxonomicName>
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— Pamir Mts. Also present in NW China and W & C Mongolia, but subspecies involved not known.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1441,1689,2260,2293]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 47-80 mm, tail 25-40 mm; weight 6-5-9-4 g (immatures 4-6-5 g). The Lesser White-toothed Shrew is small to medium-sized and lightly built. Tail is rarely longer than 50% of head-body length. Pelage is bicolored. Dorsum varies from brownish gray to light gray in steppe populations. Venter varies from light gray to white in steppe populations. In winter, brownish tints of dorsum are more intense, venteris lighter, and color contrast between them is greater. Tail is usually bicolored and rarely unicolored, dark gray or brownish gray. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 40 and FN = 50, with four pairs of metacentric and submetacentric autosomes and 15 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. X-chromosome is large metacentric, and Ychromosomeis small acrocentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1552,2653,2686]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Desert, steppe, and forest zones, preferring habitats with bushes or high grass stands near watersides and ruderal vegetation at sites of abandoned human houses and tilled fields. The Lesser White-toothed Shrew is found in various human dwellings such as nomadic tents (yurts) in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia) and apartments in Moscow high-rise apartment buildings, including rural houses from European Russia to Tian Shan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1440,1712,2897,2922]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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In Trans-Ili Alatau, small beetles are most common in diets of Lesser White-toothed Shrews. In Turkmenistan, caterpillars, young bugs, mantids, and cockroaches are readily eaten, but darkling beetles and chafters (June beetles) are almost never eaten. Lesser White-toothed Shrews can dig insects out of the soil to up to 2 cm and hunt small geometrid moths by jumping and collecting them from grass blades. In laboratory conditions with food ad libitum, the Lesser White-toothed Shrew kills as many insects as possible and stores food. In North Caucasus, plant material is included in diets less often than in diets of sympatric species of red-toothed shrews. Daily food intake of Lesser White-toothed Shrews reaches 133% of body weight, but daily food intake of three times body weight was observed in Turkmenistan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="100" pageNumber="496" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="100.[1439,2646,1983,3473]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1439,1573,3287,3316]" pageId="100" pageNumber="496">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Nests of Lesser White-toothed Shrews are often built under driftwood or plant litter at watersides, in haystacks, and in other similar places. Occasionally, nests are on the ground in dry grass or depressions and are similar in construction as nests of small passerine birds. Lesser White-toothed Shrews most likely dig burrows themselves in semi-deserts of Central Asia. A burrow 1 cm in diameter goes vertically down
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="101.[107,1314,287,1110]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">3-3-5 m and ends with a nest chamber of 18-20 cm in diameter. Reproduction can last 7-8 months, starting in early February in riparian woodlands of southern Tajikistan and from mid-March to late September in North Caucasus. Breeding starts in late March in Pamir Mountains (elevations 1700-3600 m). Gestation lasts 24-32 days; numbers of embryos average 4-2-5-5/female (range 1-10).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="497" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[107,1314,287,1110]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[107,345,484,517]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Lesser White-toothed Shrew is active mostly at night. In Turkmenistan, 10-14 activity periods were observed during dark hours and averaged 24 minutes each; maximal duration of an activity period was 155 minutes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="497" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[107,1314,287,1110]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[109,852,607,636]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Seasonal migrations of Lesser White-toothed Shrews have not been studied comprehensively but are quite distinct because abundance in dwellings, household buildings, haystacks, etc. always increases in autumn. Life span is no longer than 1-5 years, and a population is completely renewed during this time.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="497" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[107,1314,287,1110]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,457,800,833]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Lesser White-toothed Shrew is common in many parts of its extensive distribution but is almost never abundant. It is rare in northern regions of its distribution (i.e. forest zone of European Russia) and on regional Russian Red Lists of the Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Chuvashia, and Kaluga Region.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="497" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="101.[107,1314,287,1110]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[110,263,1005,1030]" pageId="101" pageNumber="497">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Almatov (1978), Bannikova et al. (2006), Bekenov et al. (1985), Dubey, Cosson et al. (2007), Gureev (1979), Isakov (1992b), Karami et al. (2008), Kuznetsov (1972), Sokolov & Tembotov (1989), Vlasak & Niethammer (1990), Zaitsev et al. (2014), Zima et al. (1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |