545 lines
66 KiB
XML
545 lines
66 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="614B9B0F6CB05B8B2158D8A95DACDAFB">A new species of Trachusa Panzer, 1804 (Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from southern Africa, with notes on the subgeneric classification and a key to the Afrotropical species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="AF0987C3FFA4FF9FFF39FA38FC54FEB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5945541" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142524390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5945541" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0987C3FFA4FF9FFF39FA38FC54FEB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF0987C3FFA4FF9FFF39FA38FC54FEB1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39FA38FD09F9AB" bold="true" box="[151,757,1517,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF39FA38FEF6F9AB" ID-CoL="63VYL" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" box="[151,266,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39FA38FEF6F9AB" bold="true" box="[151,266,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFE0EFA38FD09F9AB" authority="Friese, 1898" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1898" box="[416,757,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFE0EFA38FDA4F9AB" bold="true" box="[416,600,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFDF1FA38FD09F9AB" box="[607,757,1517,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6917" refString="Friese, H. (1898) Die Bienen Europa's (Apidae europaeae) nach ihren Gattungen, Arten und Varietaten auf vergleichend morphologisch-biologischer Grundlage. Theil IV. Solitare Apiden: Genus Eriades. Genus Trachusa. Genus Anthidium. Innsbruck, 303 pp." type="book">Friese, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA4FF9DFF39F9E1FA7EF968" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9DFF39F9E1FEB9F9C4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1588,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="07B011FBFFA4FF9DFF39F9E1FEB9F9C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF39F9E1FD86F9E6" authority="Friese, 1898: 101" authorityName="Friese" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,634,1588,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paraanthidium">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F9E1FEFDF9E6" box="[151,257,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Anthidium</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFEBDF9E1FE50F9E6" box="[275,428,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="A60110C4FFA4FF9DFE11F9E1FD86F9E6" author="" box="[447,634,1588,1610]" page="101" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFE11F9E1FDBFF9E6" box="[447,579,1588,1610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6917" refString="Friese, H. (1898) Die Bienen Europa's (Apidae europaeae) nach ihren Gattungen, Arten und Varietaten auf vergleichend morphologisch-biologischer Grundlage. Theil IV. Solitare Apiden: Genus Eriades. Genus Trachusa. Genus Anthidium. Innsbruck, 303 pp." type="book">Friese, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 101
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFCB0F9E1FB94F9E6" authority="Fabricius, 1781" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[798,1128,1588,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFCB0F9E1FC40F9E6" box="[798,956,1588,1610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Apis interrupta</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1781
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</taxonomicName>
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, by designation of
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<treatmentCitation id="A60110C4FFA4FF9DFA94F9E1FEBCF9C4" author="" page="269" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFA94F9E1FEBCF9C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6706" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1909) Some European Bees. Entomologist's Record, 21, 269 - 270." type="journal article">Cockerell (1909: 269)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9DFF39F9A4FA7EF968" blockId="1.[151,1436,1588,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F9A4FED6F92B" box="[151,298,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Protanthidium</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFE9CF9A4FDA3F92B" box="[306,607,1649,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6730" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. & Cockerell, W. P. (1901) Contributions from the New Mexico Biological Station-IX. On certain genera of bees. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 7, 46 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930108678438" type="journal article">Cockerell & Cockerell, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 49. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFC8AF9A4FB6AF92B" ID-CoL="8SPPY" authority="Bingham, 1896" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1896" box="[804,1174,1649,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steloides">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFC8AF9A4FC0CF92B" box="[804,1008,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Megachile steloides</emphasis>
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Bingham, 1896
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFB12F9A4FEBBF90A" ID-CoL="8SNRJ" authority="Friese, 1902" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicorne">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFB12F9A4FA60F92B" box="[1212,1436,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Anthidium longicorne</emphasis>
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Friese, 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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).—Combination with
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFD9AF945FD31F90A" box="[564,717,1680,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFD9AF945FD31F90A" box="[564,717,1680,1702]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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first suggested by
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFC34F945FB68F90A" box="[922,1172,1680,1702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7114" refString="Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1937) Some new Asiatic Bees of the Subfamily Anthidiinae (Apoidea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 19, 151 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933708655248" type="journal article">Mavromoustakis (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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; Pasteels (1972) retained
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF69F97BFE33F968" ID-CoL="63VYL" authority="(Protanthidium)" authorityName="Protanthidium" box="[199,463,1710,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF69F97BFED8F968" box="[199,292,1710,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFE9AF97BFE3BF968" box="[308,455,1710,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Protanthidium</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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as subgenus; synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFCB3F97BFBD7F968" ID-CoL="63VYL" authority="(Paraanthidium)" baseAuthorityName="Paraanthidium" box="[797,1067,1710,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFCB3F97BFC86F968" box="[797,890,1710,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFC24F97BFBDFF968" box="[906,1059,1710,1732]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFBFCF97BFA82F968" box="[1106,1406,1710,1732]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7240" refString="Michener, C. D. & Griswold, T. L. (1994) The classification of Old World Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 299 - 327." type="journal article">Michener & Griswold (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA4FF9DFF39F918FE79F8AE" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9DFF39F918FE79F8AE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1588,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
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||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F918FECAF94F" box="[151,310,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Protoanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFEEAF918FE10F94F" box="[324,492,1741,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6663" refString="Cameron, P. (1902) On the Hymenoptera collected by Robert Shelford at Sarawak, and on the Hymenoptera of the Sarawak Museum. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37, 29 - 140." type="journal article">Cameron, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 125. Type species:
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<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFD76F918FBE8F94F" box="[728,1044,1741,1763]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Protoanthidium rufobalteatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFB8DF918FB36F94F" box="[1059,1226,1741,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref6663" refString="Cameron, P. (1902) On the Hymenoptera collected by Robert Shelford at Sarawak, and on the Hymenoptera of the Sarawak Museum. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37, 29 - 140." type="journal article">Cameron, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, by designation of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFF69F939FE7EF8AE" box="[199,386,1772,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7376" refString="Sandhouse, G. A. (1943) The type species of the genera and subgenera of bees. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 92 (3153), 519 - 619. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.3156.519." type="journal article">Sandhouse (1943)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA4FF9EFF39F8DFFDB8FEEC" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9DFF39F8DFFAC1F893" blockId="1.[151,1436,1588,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="07B011FBFFA4FF9DFF39F8DFFAC1F893" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF39F8DFFD88F88C" authority="Pasteels, 1969: 22" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,628,1802,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Philotrachusa">
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||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F8DFFF08F88C" box="[151,244,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFEA4F8DFFE65F88C" box="[266,409,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Philotrachusa</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A60110C4FFA4FF9DFE03F8DFFD88F88C" author="" box="[429,628,1802,1824]" page="22" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFE03F8DFFDB4F88C" box="[429,584,1802,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7281" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1969) La Systematique Generique et Subgenerique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Ancien Monde. Memoires de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 31, 3 - 148." type="journal article">Pasteels, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFCB1F8DFFB67F88C" ID-CoL="8SGVY" authority="Strand, 1912" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1912" box="[799,1179,1802,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Anthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiphilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFCB1F8DFFBFBF88C" box="[799,1031,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Anthidium aquiphilum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFBBAF8DFFB67F88C" box="[1044,1179,1802,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7426" refString="Strand, E. (1912) Zoologische Ergebnisse der Expedition des Herrn G. Tessmann nach Sud-Kamerun und Spanisch-Guinea. Bienen. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin, 6, 263 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19120060202" type="journal article">Strand, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFB64F8DFFEA6F893" authority=", Pasteels, 1969" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquifilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFB64F8DFFA69F88C" box="[1226,1429,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa aquifilum</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFF69F8FCFEA6F893" box="[199,346,1833,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7281" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1969) La Systematique Generique et Subgenerique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Ancien Monde. Memoires de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 31, 3 - 148." type="journal article">Pasteels, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, misspelling).—Synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFD1CF8FCFCB1F893" box="[690,845,1833,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7323" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1984) Revision des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Academie Royale de Belgique, Memoires de la Classe des Sciences, Collection in 4 °, 2 e serie, 19 (1), 1 - 165." type="journal article">Pasteels (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFBA3F8FCFAC5F893" box="[1037,1337,1833,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7240" refString="Michener, C. D. & Griswold, T. L. (1994) The classification of Old World Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 299 - 327." type="journal article">Michener & Griswold (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9DFF39F89DFB24F8F1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1588,1886]" box="[151,1240,1864,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="07B011FBFFA4FF9DFF39F89DFB24F8F1" box="[151,1240,1864,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF39F89DFD94F8F2" authority="Pasteels, 1969: 24" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,616,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Massanthidium">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F89DFF08F8F2" box="[151,244,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFEAAF89DFE5CF8F2" box="[260,416,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A60110C4FFA4FF9DFE00F89DFD94F8F2" author="" box="[430,616,1864,1886]" page="24" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFE00F89DFDBEF8F2" box="[430,578,1864,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7281" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1969) La Systematique Generique et Subgenerique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Ancien Monde. Memoires de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 31, 3 - 148." type="journal article">Pasteels, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Type species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFCACF89DFB8DF8F2" ID-CoL="57PLV" authority="Pasteels, 1969" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" box="[770,1137,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavorufula">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFCACF89DFC2BF8F2" box="[770,983,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa flavorufula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFC73F89DFB8DF8F2" box="[989,1137,1864,1886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7281" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1969) La Systematique Generique et Subgenerique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Ancien Monde. Memoires de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 31, 3 - 148." type="journal article">Pasteels, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFBD5F89DFB24F8F1" bold="true" box="[1147,1240,1864,1885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA4FF9EFF39F85FFDB8FEEC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">
|
||
The generic keys provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFE5FF85FFD64F80F" box="[497,664,1930,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7281" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1969) La Systematique Generique et Subgenerique des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Ancien Monde. Memoires de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 31, 3 - 148." type="journal article">Pasteels (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFD0AF85EFD22F80F" box="[676,734,1931,1955]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7323" refString="Pasteels, J. J. (1984) Revision des Anthidiinae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Academie Royale de Belgique, Memoires de la Classe des Sciences, Collection in 4 °, 2 e serie, 19 (1), 1 - 165." type="journal article">1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are inconsistent in several aspects and are therefore not used here.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA4FF9DFF72F87BFDC7F86B" box="[220,571,1966,1991]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" refId="ref7240" refString="Michener, C. D. & Griswold, T. L. (1994) The classification of Old World Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 299 - 327." type="journal article">Michener & Griswold (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their classification of Old World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFBADF87BFB8AF86B" ID-CoL="KLF" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1899" box="[1027,1142,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Anthidiini">Anthidiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
confirmed the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFF39F807FE70F847" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[151,396,2002,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFF39F807FEBDF847" box="[151,321,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Friese
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9DFDFDF807FCAAF847" ID-CoL="63VYL" authority="Panzer. They" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" box="[595,854,2002,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFDFDF807FD46F847" box="[595,698,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer. They
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished it from the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA4FF9EFB41F807FF08FF1C" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="331" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA4FF9DFB41F807FA60F847" box="[1263,1436,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFEAEFF42FE02FF1C" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" box="[256,510,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Metatrachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFEAEFF42FE60FF1C" box="[256,412,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Metatrachusa</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD99FF42FCB9FF1C" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" box="[567,837,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Congotrachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD99FF42FD18FF1C" box="[567,740,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Congotrachusa</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the distinctly arcuate outward subantennal suture and the bifid, Y-shaped gonoforceps of the male, and from the subgenus
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFC71FF69FB7AFF79" box="[991,1158,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Orthanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Mavromoustakis by the shape of the scutellum and the eyes and the position of the ocelli.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFC3DFF0AFBAEFF54" box="[915,1106,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7212" refString="Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp." type="book">Michener (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reinforced this classification (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6A22036EFFA7FF9EFF30FED1FF09FEB0" box="[158,245,260,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of the morphological features that are used by Michener (2007) for characterising the subgenera Massanthidium Pasteels and Paraanthidium Friese, with the character features of Trachusa namibiensis sp. n." pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), but noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE17FED1FD99FEB1" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[441,613,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE17FED1FD99FEB1" box="[441,613,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD47FED1FC6FFEB1" box="[745,915,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD47FED1FC6FFEB1" box="[745,915,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that the relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB41FED1FA60FEB1" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[1263,1436,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB41FED1FA60FEB1" box="[1263,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remain in doubt until males are found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA7FF9EFF69FE98FAFDFB99" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69FE98FA71FE01" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
It should also be noted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFE55FE99FCB8FEC8" box="[507,836,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7240" refString="Michener, C. D. & Griswold, T. L. (1994) The classification of Old World Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 299 - 327." type="journal article">Michener & Griswold (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
uses the bifid gonostylus as one of the key characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF6CFEBAFE90FE24" box="[194,364,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF6CFEBAFE90FE24" box="[194,364,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the shape of the male genitalia is actually not known for most of the species of this subgenus. The shape of the genostyli is for example known only for one of the six Asian species of the subgenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69FE62FD0CFC2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The subantennal suture in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE52FE62FD08FE7C" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[508,756,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE52FE62FD08FE7C" box="[508,756,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFD50FE62FCBDFE63" box="[766,833,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD50FE62FCC5FE7C" bold="true" box="[766,825,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is nearly straight in the female and slightly arcuate outwards in the male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF9B2A50FFA7FF9EFE3FFE09FE24FE58" box="[401,472,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,548,1942]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[191,1395,548,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Trachusa namibiensis sp. n. A–B. Dorsal habitus A. female paratype. B. male holotype. C–D. Head. C. female paratype. D. male holotype (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206686/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF9B2A50FFA7FF9EFE48FE09FE0BFE58" box="[486,503,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,867,889]" captionTargetBox="[170,1407,209,832]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,845]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE4. Head of Trachusa namibiensis sp. n. Left female,right male.Note the outwardlyarcuate subantennal suture in the male (as indicated by the thin, straight line)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206692/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gonoforceps of the male are deeply bifid and Y-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BF9B2A50FFA7FF9EFB1BFE09FAF5FE59" box="[1205,1289,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[172,1420,201,1258]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1273]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Trachusa namibiensis sp. n. Note that the dotted area in male tergum T7 (a) represents a transparent area (the major part of T7 is yellow and opaque).The apex of the longer arm of the gonoforceps (d) has an almost spoon-like shapewith dark brown margins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1206696/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 6d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFA29FE08FEE1FDB4" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFA29FE08FEE1FDB4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFE8DFE2AFE9EFDBB" box="[291,354,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE8DFE2AFEA6FDB4" bold="true" box="[291,346,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
therefore run in the keys of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFD33FE2AFBE1FDB4" box="[669,1053,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7240" refString="Michener, C. D. & Griswold, T. L. (1994) The classification of Old World Anthidiini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 55, 299 - 327." type="journal article">Michener & Griswold (1994: 323)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFBFCFE2AFA7CFDB4" box="[1106,1408,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7212" refString="Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp." type="book">Michener (2007: 533–534)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE80FDF1FD82FD91" authority="Friese. Taking" authorityName="Friese. Taking" box="[302,638,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE80FDF1FE24FD91" box="[302,472,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Friese. Taking
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the distinctly carinate omaulus with a carina extending onto the ventral surface of thorax close to middle coxa into account, females run, by contrast, to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB41FD92FEE9FD28" authority="Pasteels. It" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB41FD92FA60FDCC" box="[1263,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels. It
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be pointed out that it cannot be clearly determined what should be called in respect to the subantennal suture “nearly straight” and what is “distinctly arcuate outwards”; this character varies between the species so far attributed to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDC9FD61FCECFD61" box="[615,784,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDC9FD61FCECFD61" box="[615,784,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., various photographs in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFBC8FD61FADEFD60" box="[1126,1314,692,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref6963" refString="Kasparek, M. (2017 a) Resin bees of the anthidiine genus Trachusa (Panzer, 1804): Identification, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the Old World species. Entomofauna Supplementum, 21, 1 - 152." type="journal article">Kasparek 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It further needs to be considered that couplet 3 of Michener’s (2007) key is based, additionally to the shape of the subantennal suture, on the shape the gonoforceps, but males are unknown for the currently known three species of
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF39FCCAFEB7FC94" box="[151,331,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF39FCCAFEBBFC94" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,327,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Massanthidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In the key, the only available character feature to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFBAFFCCAFB56FC94" box="[1025,1194,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFBAFFCCAFB56FC94" box="[1025,1194,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB41FCCAFA60FC94" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[1263,1436,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB41FCCAFA60FC94" box="[1263,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is therefore the form of the subantennal suture, but this feature is variable and does not allow to unambiguously attribute the new species to one of the two subgenera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69FC59FAFDFB99" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The length of the omaular carina has also been used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFC76FC59FB79FC09" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[984,1157,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFC76FC59FB79FC09" box="[984,1157,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB7EFC59FA86FC09" box="[1232,1402,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB7EFC59FA86FC09" box="[1232,1402,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It extends in
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFEB8FC7AFE47FC64" box="[278,443,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidum</emphasis>
|
||
ventrally onto the thoracic venter, extremely close to the middle coxa, while it never extends ventrally onto the venter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDFEFC01FC31FC40" authority="(Michener 2007)" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[592,973,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDFEFC01FD05FC41" box="[592,761,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFCA3FC01FC39FC40" box="[781,965,980,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7212" refString="Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp." type="book">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The omaulus is sharply angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFA29FC00FEFFFBBC" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiphila">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFA29FC00FEFFFBBC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. aquiphila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and carinate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE1AFC22FD55FBBC" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[436,681,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE1AFC22FD55FBBC" box="[436,681,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFD1EFC22FD13FBA3" box="[688,751,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD1EFC22FD1BFBBC" bold="true" box="[688,743,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In both species, it reaches the thoracic venter. The difference is not particularly pronounced and obvious enough to use this character for subgeneric classification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA7FF9EFF69FBEAFE99F9A4" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69FBEAFCF4FA30" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF69FBEAFE88FBF4" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[199,372,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF69FBEAFE88FBF4" box="[199,372,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDF1FBEAFCF4FBF4" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[607,776,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDF1FBEAFCF4FBF4" box="[607,776,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the minute arolia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFC53FBEAFB53FBF4" box="[1021,1199,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7212" refString="Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp." type="book">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While it is small in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF39FBB0FEC4FBD1" ID-CoL="8SPFY" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,312,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF39FBB0FEC4FBD1" box="[151,312,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFEEEFBB1FE82FBD0" box="[320,382,1124,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFEEEFBB1FE84FBD1" bold="true" box="[320,376,1124,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the size of the arolia is variable within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFCEBFBB1FC13FBD1" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[837,1007,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFCEBFBB1FC13FBD1" box="[837,1007,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this character seems not to be an unambiguous feature for separating these two subgenera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFCB5FB52FBEDFB0C" ID-CoL="8SPFY" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[795,1041,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFCB5FB52FBEDFB0C" box="[795,1041,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFBB7FB52FBA5FB0C" box="[1049,1113,1159,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFBB7FB52FBAEFB0C" bold="true" box="[1049,1106,1159,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
thus combines characters of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF78FB79FE7CFB69" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[214,384,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF78FB79FE7CFB69" box="[214,384,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE6DFB79FD93FB69" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[451,623,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE6DFB79FD93FB69" box="[451,623,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="6A22036EFFA7FF9EFD2AFB79FD23FB68" box="[644,735,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,332,355]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of the morphological features that are used by Michener (2007) for characterising the subgenera Massanthidium Pasteels and Paraanthidium Friese, with the character features of Trachusa namibiensis sp. n." pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), and the character features used to distinguish these two subgenera are overlapping. It is therefore not justified to maintain this subgeneric classification.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB41FB1AFF0DFAA1" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB41FB1AFA60FB44" box="[1263,1436,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be regarded as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD5EFB21FC16FAA1" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[752,1002,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD5EFB21FC66FAA1" box="[752,922,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Friese
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB9CFB20FA85FAA1" ID-CoL="7CLGW" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1984" box="[1074,1401,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB9CFB20FAE8FAA1" box="[1074,1300,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. eburneomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFA29FB20FE88FA9C" ID-CoL="57PLV" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavorufula">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFA29FB20FEE8FA9C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. flavorufula</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFE05FACCFD2CFA9C" ID-CoL="57PMD" authority="Pasteels" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1984" box="[427,720,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="massauahensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE05FACCFD92FA9C" box="[427,622,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. massauahensis</emphasis>
|
||
Pasteels
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
assigned to this subgenus. All sub-Saharan species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFA9AFAC2FA60FA9C" ID-CoL="63VYL" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" box="[1332,1436,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFA9AFAC2FA60FA9C" box="[1332,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are herewith assigned either to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDA4FAE9FD8EFAF9" ID-CoL="63VYL" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" box="[522,626,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDA4FAE9FD8EFAF9" box="[522,626,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD29FAE9FC7EFAF9" authority="Friese" authorityName="Friese" box="[647,898,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD29FAE9FCCCFAF9" box="[647,816,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
Friese
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (five species) or to
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFBD1FAE8FB6FFAF8" box="[1151,1171,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB07FAE9FAAAFAF9" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" box="[1193,1366,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Congotrachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB07FAE9FAAAFAF9" box="[1193,1366,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Congotrachusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (one species). A recent analysis of molecular data conducted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFCFAFA8AFBBCFAD4" box="[852,1088,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7052" refString="Litman, J. R., Griswold, T. & Danforth, B. N. (2016) Phylogenetic systematics and a revised generic classification of anthidiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 100, 183 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.03.018" type="journal article">Litman et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
supports
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB1BFA8AFA9EFAD4" authorityName="Pasteels" authorityYear="1969" box="[1205,1378,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Congotrachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB1BFA8AFA9EFAD4" box="[1205,1378,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Congotrachusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct subgenus, not closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDF9FA51FCFDFA31" box="[599,769,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDF9FA51FCFDFA31" box="[599,769,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69FA72FE99F9A4" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The possibility to erect a new subgenus with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD75FA7CFC83FA6C" ID-CoL="8SPFY" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[731,895,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD75FA7CFC83FA6C" box="[731,895,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFC24FA72FC30FA13" box="[906,972,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFC24FA72FC38FA6C" bold="true" box="[906,964,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as the only species and with characters shared both by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFEF8FA19FDFCFA49" box="[342,512,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFEF8FA19FDFCFA49" box="[342,512,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDECFA19FD13FA49" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[578,751,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDECFA19FD13FA49" box="[578,751,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discarded because of the gradual transition of most character features.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6FBA655EFFA7FF9FFF69F9C1FC54FEB1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69F9C1FDE8F9D8" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF69F9C1FE3CF981" authority="Kasparek, 2018" authorityName="Kasparek" authorityYear="2018" box="[199,448,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF69F9C1FE3CF981" box="[199,448,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa namibiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0EE757BCFFA7FF9EFE65F9C1FDF1F980" box="[459,525,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFE65F9C1FDFAF981" bold="true" box="[459,518,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">sp. n</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD08F9C0FCCCF981" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[678,816,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiphila">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD08F9C0FCCCF981" box="[678,816,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">T. aquiphila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
four-segmented maxillary palpi. All other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFF39F9E2FE34F9FC" authority="(Paraanthidium)" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" baseAuthorityName="Paraanthidium" box="[151,456,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFF39F9E2FF02F9FC" box="[151,254,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFEBAF9E2FE41F9FC" box="[276,445,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the species which had been assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFB87F9E2FAA7F9FC" authority="(Massanthidium)" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" baseAuthorityName="Massanthidium" box="[1065,1371,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB87F9E2FB6CF9FC" box="[1065,1168,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFB08F9E2FAAEF9FC" box="[1190,1362,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have three segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFEE2F989FDF5F9D8" box="[332,521,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref6963" refString="Kasparek, M. (2017 a) Resin bees of the anthidiine genus Trachusa (Panzer, 1804): Identification, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the Old World species. Entomofauna Supplementum, 21, 1 - 152." type="journal article">Kasparek 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9EFF69F9AAFD78F8DC" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The characters of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD82F9AAFC1CF934" authority="sensu Michener (2007)" authorityName="sensu Michener" authorityYear="2007" box="[556,992,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD82F9AAFD2AF934" box="[556,726,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFC8DF9AAFC1CF934" box="[803,992,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref7212" refString="Michener, C. D. (2007) The Bees of the World. Second edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 953 pp." type="book">Michener (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are herewith extended in the following way: female mandible with 4–7 teeth (before: 4–5 teeth); pronotal lobe carinate to lamellate; omaulus sharply angular to carinate or even (in the upper part) lamellate, with carina extending in some species onto the thoracic venter; arolia present but in some species minute; gonoforceps of male bifid. As further species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFA9AF939FA60F8A9" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" box="[1332,1436,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFA9AF939FA60F8A9" box="[1332,1436,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attributed provisionally to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFDDEF8DAFCE5F884" authorityName="sensu Michener" authorityYear="2007" box="[624,793,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFDDEF8DAFCE5F884" box="[624,793,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
await description from the Indomalayan and the West Palaearctic realms (Kasparek, unpubl.), a full review of the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFBCFF8E1FAF7F8E1" authorityName="sensu Michener" authorityYear="2007" box="[1121,1291,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFBCFF8E1FAF7F8E1" box="[1121,1291,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not given until this new information is fully available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="271F36D5FFA7FF9FFF69F8A9FC54FEB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The distribution of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFD90F8A9FC96F838" authority="(Paraanthidium)" authorityName="Panzer. They" authorityYear="1804" baseAuthorityName="Paraanthidium" box="[574,874,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD90F8A9FD59F839" box="[574,677,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFD19F8A9FC9DF839" box="[695,865,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E564F837FFA7FF9EFBA1F8A8FB96F838" box="[1039,1130,1917,1940]" country="American Samoa" name="Western" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Western</collectingRegion>
|
||
Europe over the Himalaya to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5FB77645FFA7FF9EFF1AF875FEE7F815" box="[180,283,1952,1977]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5FB77645FFA7FF9EFE29F875FE36F815" box="[391,458,1952,1977]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(species distribution maps in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43314B24FFA7FF9EFCB0F875FC25F814" box="[798,985,1952,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" refId="ref6963" refString="Kasparek, M. (2017 a) Resin bees of the anthidiine genus Trachusa (Panzer, 1804): Identification, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the Old World species. Entomofauna Supplementum, 21, 1 - 152." type="journal article">Kasparek 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA7FF9EFC42F875FB0AF815" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[1004,1270,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Trachusa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquiphila" subGenus="Philotrachusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA7FF9EFC42F875FB0AF815" box="[1004,1270,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Trachusa (P.) aquiphila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was so far the only species known from sub-Saharan Africa, and more than
|
||
<quantity id="E0589B30FFA7FF9EFCFBF811FC45F871" box="[853,953,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="331" unit="km" value="6000.0">6000 km</quantity>
|
||
distant from the nearest occurrence of the subgenus in North Africa. With the assignment of the East African species (which were hitherto regarded as being members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA6FF9FFE11FF69FD90FF79" authorityName="Pasteels. It" authorityYear="1969" box="[447,620,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Massanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA6FF9FFE11FF69FD90FF79" box="[447,620,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Massanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0A04D56FFA6FF9FFC9AFF69FC22FF79" authorityName="sensu Michener" authorityYear="2007" box="[820,990,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Paraanthidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="15D4EAC7FFA6FF9FFC9AFF69FC22FF79" box="[820,990,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="332">Paraanthidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the geographic gap is closed. From an evolutionary perspective, it would have been difficult to explain how it comes that the southern African species are closer to the West Palaearctic species than to the East African species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |