295 lines
35 KiB
XML
295 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E49058ADFF07F567465751764D275191">Revision of the Congo River Lamprologus Schilthuis, 1891 (Teleostei: Cichlidae), with Descriptions of Two New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7AFC54421F6FA45067E688DF650294C2">SCHELLY, ROBERT C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC0E77E09879D120A85A89E7EC1FA7F9">STIASSNY, MELANIE L. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="954CEC328E78D60242864CFFE2BA3E24">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E5FE8B66409A8F4C3430D50CFAF2BD14">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="275169154D59FF8F27E2FD113B12776E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14095988" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14095988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275169154D59FF8F27E2FD113B12776E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/275169154D59FF8F27E2FD113B12776E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8A27E2FD11399D7163" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A27E2FD11399D7163" blockId="25.[710,1216,731,813]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A27E2FD11399D7163" ID-CoL="3S4Q7" authority="Roberts and Stewart, 1976" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A27E2FD1139F87080" box="[710,958,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB69A5F24D59FF8A26ECFD16399D7163" author="Roberts, T. R. & D. J. Stewart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="239 - 317" refId="ref20412" refString="Roberts, T. R., and D. J. Stewart. 1976. An ecological and systematic survey of fishes in the rapids of the lower Zaire or Congo River. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 147 (6): 239 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976">Roberts and Stewart, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8A2624FCDB3EC0715E" box="[768,1158,790,813]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A2624FCDB3EC0715E" blockId="25.[710,1216,731,813]" box="[768,1158,790,813]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<figureCitation id="37C3C4864D59FF8A2624FCDB39EA715E" box="[768,940,790,813]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="25.[139,177,472,493]" captionStartId-1="25.[149,187,1693,1714]" captionStartId-2="26.[371,409,871,892]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1163,186,450]" captionTargetBox-1="[145,628,1400,1672]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1169,189,851]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@25.[188,1163,185,450]" captionTargetId-1="figure-31@25.[144,629,1399,1673]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@26.[164,1169,188,851]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="26" captionText-0="Fig. 21. Lamprologus lethops holotype, MCZ 50248, male, 26 mm SL, drawn by Patricia Wynne." captionText-1="Fig. 22. Lamprologus lethops paratype, MCZ" captionText-2="Fig. 23. Collection localities of Lamprologus lethops." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5382509" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5382511" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5382513" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5382509/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5382511/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5382513/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figures 21–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="E27AEDB84D59FF8A269FFCDB3E50715E" box="[955,1046,790,813]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="27.[624,698,194,213]" captionTargetId="figure-22@27.[117,1233,253,1118]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 6 Morphometric and Meristic Data for Lamprologus lethops" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 6</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="37C3C4864D59FF8A2100FCDB3EC0715E" box="[1060,1158,790,813]" captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="23.[149,201,1640,1661]" captionTargetId="figure-12@24.[153,1184,186,1728]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Plate 2. (a) Lamprologus symoensi, paratype, MRAC 79001.6284–85, female, 46 mm SL; (b) Lamprologus lethops, holotype, MCZ 50248, male, 26 mm SL; (c) Lamprologus teugelsi, n.sp., holotype, AMNH 233611, female, 60 mm SL; (d) Lamprologus tigripictilis, n.sp., holotype, AMNH 233609, male, 62 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14095992" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14095992/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Plate 2b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8A279FFC8D3E8D71F9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A279FFC8D3E8D71F9" blockId="25.[699,1227,832,906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A279FFC8D38BB711C" authority="Roberts and Stewart, 1976: 284" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityPageNumber="284" authorityYear="1976" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A279FFC8D39DD7126" box="[699,923,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB69A5F24D59FF8A2681FC8D38BB711C" author="Roberts, T. R. & D. J. Stewart" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="239 - 317" refId="ref20412" refString="Roberts, T. R., and D. J. Stewart. 1976. An ecological and systematic survey of fishes in the rapids of the lower Zaire or Congo River. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 147 (6): 239 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976">Roberts and Stewart, 1976: 284</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 9, figs. a–c (
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<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A268EFC9739A6711C" box="[938,992,858,879]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="D7EF98934D59FF8A2160FC973ECC711C" box="[1092,1162,858,879]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Congo</collectingCountry>
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<location id="AA278ED84D59FF8A21B5FC973E8D711C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275169154D59FF8F27E2FD113B12776E:AA278ED84D59FF8A21B5FC973E8D711C" box="[1169,1227,858,879]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" municipality="Bulu" name="River" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">River</location>
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mainstream near
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<collectingMunicipality id="4F2342794D59FF8A26AFFCB8398671F9" box="[907,960,885,906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bulu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D7EF98934D59FF8A26E9FCB83E4171F9" box="[973,1031,885,906]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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, 5
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2104FCB93E6E71FA" bold="true" box="[1056,1064,884,905]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">°</emphasis>
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01
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2167FCB93E0D71F9" bold="true" box="[1091,1099,884,906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">̍</emphasis>
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S, 14
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A21A6FCB93ECC71FA" bold="true" box="[1154,1162,884,905]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">°</emphasis>
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01
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2180FCB93EEA71F9" bold="true" box="[1188,1196,884,906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">̍</emphasis>
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E).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8A27FCFC53396176F0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A27FCFC53395D767E" blockId="25.[699,1228,926,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<materialsCitation id="1F90D25E4D59FF8A27FCFC53395D767E" accessionNumber="MCZ 50248" collectingDate="1973-07-15" collectorName="T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart." country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="West of Luozi" location="River" municipality="Bulu" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A27FCFC53391071C6" box="[728,854,926,949]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: MCZ 50248,
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<collectingCountry id="D7EF98934D59FF8A2101FC533E3171C6" box="[1061,1143,926,949]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Congo</collectingCountry>
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<location id="AA278ED84D59FF8A21A2FC533E8D71C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:275169154D59FF8F27E2FD113B12776E:AA278ED84D59FF8A21A2FC533E8D71C6" box="[1158,1227,926,949]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="West of Luozi" municipality="Bulu" name="River" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">River</location>
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mainstream near
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<collectingMunicipality id="4F2342794D59FF8A26A2FC71398771A0" box="[902,961,956,979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Bulu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="4626A08F4D59FF8A26EBFC713E3E71A0" box="[975,1144,956,979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">West of Luozi</collectingCounty>
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, 5
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A21B7FC763EDA71A0" bold="true" box="[1171,1180,955,979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">°</emphasis>
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1
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A218FFC773EF271A0" bold="true" box="[1195,1204,954,979]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">̍</emphasis>
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S, 14
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A27FCFC1538A77183" bold="true" box="[728,737,984,1008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">°</emphasis>
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1
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A27CBFC1538BE7182" bold="true" box="[751,760,984,1009]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">̍</emphasis>
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E,
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<date id="DB46FEC34D59FF8A2607FC1439DA7183" box="[803,924,985,1008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1973-07-15">
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<collectingDate id="CB02072B4D59FF8A2607FC1439DA7183" box="[803,924,985,1008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1973-07-15">7/15/1973</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="020DBDD54D59FF8A2696FC143E087183" box="[946,1102,985,1008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T.R. Roberts</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="020DBDD54D59FF8A21B8FC14395D767E" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">D.J. Stewart.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A27FCFBD9394D763B" blockId="25.[699,1228,926,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<materialsCitation id="1F90D25E4D59FF8A27FCFBD93941763B" accessionNumber="MCZ 50249" collectingDate="1973-07-15" collectorName="T. R. Roberts & D. J. Stewart." country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" county="West of Luozi" location="River" municipality="Bulu" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A27FCFBD9390C7658" box="[728,842,1044,1067]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
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: MCZ 50249, collected with holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A27FCFB83396176F0" blockId="25.[699,1228,926,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED:
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<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A26FAFB833E0C7616" box="[990,1098,1102,1125]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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and single
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<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A279FFBA1396576F0" box="[699,803,1132,1155]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8A27FCFB443E8D7473" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8A27FCFB443E8D7473" blockId="25.[699,1228,926,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
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<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A2101FB44394976CD" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2101FB44394976CD" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only known blind cichlid, is further distinguished from all other
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<collectingCountry id="D7EF98934D59FF8A2165FB093EC976A8" box="[1089,1167,1220,1243]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Congo</collectingCountry>
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River species of
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<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A2678FB2C39B1768B" authorityName="Schilthuis" authorityYear="1891" box="[860,1015,1249,1272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2678FB2C39B1768B" box="[860,1015,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lamprologus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
save
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||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A211BFB2C3E8A768B" box="[1087,1228,1249,1272]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symoensi">
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<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A211BFB2C3E8A768B" box="[1087,1228,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">L. symoensi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its irregularly sized flank scales, among which clear parallel rows are not apparent, and a scaleless patch on the head extending posteriorly well beyond the dorsal fin origin. In addition,
|
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<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A2668FAB9398777F8" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[844,961,1396,1419]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2668FAB9398777F8" box="[844,961,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">L. lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has by far the highest lateral line scale count (43–49) of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7EF98934D59FF8A2159FA5C3E8D77DB" box="[1149,1227,1425,1448]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
River
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A2622FA6239E777B5" authorityName="Schilthuis" authorityYear="1891" box="[774,929,1455,1478]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2622FA6239E777B5" box="[774,929,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Lamprologus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a low value for BD as a percentage of SL (17.9%) that overlaps only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A2616FA2439EA7473" box="[818,940,1513,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A2616FA2439EA7473" box="[818,940,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">L. werneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D59FF8A26C1FA243EC07473" authority="SCHELLY & STIASSNY, 2004" authorityName="SCHELLY & STIASSNY" authorityYear="2004" box="[997,1158,1513,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigripictilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D59FF8A26C1FA243EC07473" box="[997,1158,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">L. tigripictilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86BFB96A4D59FF8A21B0FA243E8D7473" box="[1172,1227,1513,1536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D59FF8827FCF9CB3E1877F8" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D59FF8927FCF9CB3B41746E" blockId="25.[699,1228,926,1741]" lastBlockId="26.[115,644,956,1741]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
DESCRIPTION: Counts and measurements for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A2637F9E9393F7448" box="[787,889,1572,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and single
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A2127F9E93E217448" box="[1027,1127,1572,1595]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are given in table 6. Remarkably autapomorphic; lacking pigmentation, cryptophthalmic and cylindrically shaped. Raised, fleshy nostril tubes particularly welldeveloped. In
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D59FF8A21AAF95438B674BE" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, two small, dark spheres visible beneath covering of thick skin in place of fullyformed eyes (corresponding tissues missing in damaged, eviscerated
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D5AFF8924B2FC3B3846767E" box="[406,512,1014,1037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). In overall appearance this unusual species superficially resembles members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5AFF8924D8FBFC3AD07615" baseAuthorityName="Stiassny" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Teleogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5AFF8924D8FBFC3AD07615" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Teleogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5AFF892581FB823BDA7615" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[165,412,1103,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5AFF892581FB823BDA7615" box="[165,412,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5AFF89270BFB823AE476F0" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5AFF89270BFB823AE476F0" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. werneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which its body depth range overlaps, has one of the shallowest body depths among fluviatile lamprologines (body depth measures 17.9% SL in both specimens). Head length 31.9–32.1%, mean 32.0% SL. Ascending process of premaxilla rises straight at angle of about 40
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5AFF8924EEFAD63B957740" bold="true" box="[458,467,1307,1331]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">°</emphasis>
|
||
, blending into head profile without sharp angle; dorsal body profile gently convex, with greatest incline immediately ahead of caudal peduncle. Ventral body profile approximately straight. To date this species known only from
|
||
<specimenCount id="B9FE138A4D5AFF892736FA633AFD7790" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, one eviscerated and dehydrated, and material is insufficient to comment on sexual dimorphism.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB87888B4D5AFF892457FCAA3984710F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5382513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5382513" box="[371,962,871,892]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5382513/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[371,409,871,892]" targetBox="[165,1169,189,851]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF892457FCAA3984710F" blockId="26.[371,962,871,892]" box="[371,962,871,892]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Fig. 23. Collection localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5AFF8927F8FCAA39FD710F" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[732,955,871,892]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5AFF8927F8FCAA39FD710F" box="[732,955,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF8925B4F9E93E64767E" blockId="26.[115,644,956,1741]" lastBlockId="26.[691,1220,956,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fins: Dorsal fin XX 7. Anal fin VI–VII 5– 6. Spines in both fins gradually increase in length posteriorly. Dorsal and anal fins with filamentous extensions to end of caudal peduncle. Caudal fin large, rounded, and paddleshaped, with 14 branched rays; appears lanceshaped, subacuminate in preserved specimens. Pectoral and pelvic fins short, not reaching vertical through anus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF8927F4FBD939A27740" blockId="26.[691,1220,956,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Teeth: Jaws isognathous. Both outer and inner row teeth unicuspid and sharply pointed. Six greatly enlarged, recurved, procumbent canines situated anteriorly in both jaws, increasing in size laterally. Inner teeth in about 7 poorly defined rows of tightly packed, small, recurved, caniniform teeth anteriorly, gradually thinning to single row posteriorly. Inner premaxillary teeth in lateral row are slightly enlarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF8927F4FAF438997473" blockId="26.[691,1220,956,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Gill Rakers: Relatively slender, elongate, nondenticulate.
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D5AFF892653FA9B39A5771E" box="[887,995,1366,1389]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with 12 gill rakers along hypobranchial and ceratobranchial of first gill arch, single raker in angle of arch and 4 rakers along epibranchial. Gill arches in
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D5AFF8927F0FA01397E7790" box="[724,824,1484,1507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are damaged and partially missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF8927F4F9CB39E674C3" blockId="26.[691,1220,956,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Lower Pharyngeal Jaw: Wider than long, strongly interdigitating along ventral suture.
|
||
<typeStatus id="704366A14D5AFF892797F98C395F742B" box="[691,793,1601,1624]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
with 38 teeth in posterior row. Median teeth, especially posteriorly, more robust. Teeth are beveled or simply coneshaped and pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5AFF8827F4F97B3BDF742B" blockId="26.[691,1220,956,1741]" lastBlockId="27.[123,652,1190,1741]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Scales: Flank scales ctenoid and variable in size, presenting jumbled pattern with parallel oblique scale rows mostly obscured, particularly so posteriorly on flanks. Lateral line 43–49. Lateral line branches variably fragmented by occasional scales lacking canals. Upper and lower branches of lateral line overlap. Cheek naked, subopercle and opercle with few large scales. Gradual transition to uniformly small scales above lateral line anteriorly, with uniformly sized small scales on belly. Nape scaleless, with scaleless patch between lateral line and dorsal fin extending below dorsal fin to about third spine. Dorsal and anal fins scaleless. Small scales occur over most of caudal fin.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB87888B4D5BFF882754FF0F39AB7281" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[624,698,194,213]" targetBox="[124,1233,255,1118]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF882754FF0F39AB7281" blockId="27.[345,1005,194,242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
TABLE 6
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5BFF88247DFF1039AB7281" bold="true" box="[345,1005,221,242]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Morphometric and Meristic Data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5BFF882623FF1039AB7281" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[775,1005,221,242]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5BFF882623FF1039AB7281" bold="true" box="[775,1005,221,242]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8825BCF9933BA67406" blockId="27.[123,652,1190,1741]" box="[152,480,1630,1654]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Vertebrae: 32; 14
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5BFF882454F9933BC07405" bold="true" box="[368,390,1630,1654]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">+</emphasis>
|
||
18 (2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8825BCF9B139FC7740" blockId="27.[123,652,1190,1741]" lastBlockId="27.[699,1228,1190,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Additional Osteology: Infraorbital series comprised of broad, platelike lachrymal with 4 sensory canal openings and 1–2 tubular infraorbitals adjacent to lachrymal (fig. 22). Dermosphenotic absent. Supraneurals absent. Supraoccipital crest low and poorly developed. No frontal ridge extending to median coronal pore (NLF0).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8827FCFAF43E1877F8" blockId="27.[699,1228,1190,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Coloration: Depigmented. Scaleless but depigmented opercular spot present. Preserved coloration yellowish brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D5BFF8827FCFA5C39DC77DB" box="[728,922,1425,1448]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8827FCFA5C39DC77DB" blockId="27.[699,1228,1190,1741]" box="[728,922,1425,1448]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">DIET: Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D5BFF8827FCFA633EE57790" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8827FCFA633EE57790" blockId="27.[699,1228,1190,1741]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION (fig. 23): Known only from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6D3C16E14D5BFF8827CCFA0139C47790" box="[744,898,1484,1507]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lower Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
River rapids near Bulu.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E7E28B884D5BFF8F27FCFA243B12776E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AF47D8034D5BFF8F27FCFA243B12776E" blockId="27.[699,1228,1190,1741]" lastBlockId="28.[115,643,817,1309]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
REMARKS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5BFF882671FA243E0A7473" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[853,1100,1513,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5BFF882671FA243E0A7473" box="[853,1100,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lamprologus lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is remarkable as the only blind cichlid.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB69A5F24D5BFF88211EF9CB392C7448" author="Roberts, T. R. & D. J. Stewart" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="239 - 317" refId="ref20412" refString="Roberts, T. R., and D. J. Stewart. 1976. An ecological and systematic survey of fishes in the rapids of the lower Zaire or Congo River. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 147 (6): 239 - 317." type="journal article" year="1976">Roberts and Stewart (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5BFF8826C9F9E93E247448" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[1005,1122,1572,1595]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5BFF8826C9F9E93E247448" box="[1005,1122,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as cryptophthalmic, indicating that the eyes are reduced and covered over by thick skin. Interestingly, this condition is found independently in at least five other
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6D3C16E14D5BFF8826DDF9543ED774C3" box="[1017,1169,1689,1712]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">lower Congo</collectingRegion>
|
||
River rapids endemics, and one species (a clariid catfish,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5CFF8F25F7FCFC3BF7713B" authorityName="T.R.Roberts & D.J.Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[211,433,817,840]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Clariidae" genus="Gymnallabes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5CFF8F25F7FCFC3BF7713B" box="[211,433,817,840]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gymnallabes nops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) appears to lack eyes entirely, while in a further 26 lower rapids species the eyes are reduced although not covered by skin. The highly derived features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5CFF8F25B0FC6B3B4E71CE" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[148,264,934,957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5CFF8F25B0FC6B3B4E71CE" box="[148,264,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">L. lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alone make it attractive for further study, and the similarities it shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5CFF8F2557FC2C3B52718B" baseAuthorityName="Stiassny" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[115,276,993,1016]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Teleogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5CFF8F2557FC2C3B52718B" box="[115,276,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Teleogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as small scales and a gracile, dorsoventrally compressed body, suggest that it may be important to the determination of close outgroups to lamprologines. Unfortunately, the window of opportunity to collect more specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5CFF8F270FFBB93ADD76DB" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5CFF8F270FFBB93ADD76DB" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">L. lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be closing. A new dam, planned to span the entire channel near Inga (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB69A5F24D5CFF8F2716FB633AF77691" author="SNEL" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref20606" refString="SNEL. 2002. Inga: Hydroelectric development on Congo River. Kinshasa: Societe Nationale d'Electricite'." type="book" year="2002">SNEL, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), would, if constructed, make the survival of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68F8A3804D5CFF8F25FFFB243B177773" authorityName="Roberts and Stewart" authorityYear="1976" box="[219,337,1257,1280]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Lamprologus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lethops">
|
||
<emphasis id="9D8C04114D5CFF8F25FFFB243B177773" box="[219,337,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">L. lethops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other rapids adapted endemics doubtful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |