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<document id="372DAEC8E1C932363648ECE0D0AC8B72" ID-CLB-Dataset="29828" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b80078f0-c5d2-4eda-9a1c-fa72cfa672ff" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1301999" ID-ZooBank="5F4989D0-B9A9-4830-8C60-A19A5575E9B9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1529995171594" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Williams, Jason L. &amp; Lapolla, John S." docDate="2018" docId="EB33C919FF83844FFF2BFD9BFDF82119" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4441.1.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4441 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Prenolepis nepalensis Williams &amp; Lapolla 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="179" masterDocId="170AB161FF848447FFBCFFF7FFB72509" masterDocTitle="Two new Prenolepis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indomalaya and Australasia, with a redescription of P. dugasi from Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="171" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1698551135893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="445ED005868B866513F4F20AADE5981E">Two new Prenolepis species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Indomalaya and Australasia, with a redescription of P. dugasi from Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="42A68840F3FBDAE4D9B64ECEC05587C1">Williams, Jason L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3A195660B02D5E56529E9B48E89242A">Lapolla, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8F1DFC9AB3BBCC0CA14D7AA17EF1E7EE">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EB33C919FF83844FFF2BFD9BFDF82119" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5978493" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146019546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5978493" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB33C919FF83844FFF2BFD9BFDF82119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB33C919FF83844FFF2BFD9BFDF82119" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<subSubSection id="2B802B84FF838440FF2BFD9BFE3327AE" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6325780FFF838440FF2BFD9BFDBD278F" blockId="7.[151,522,620,679]" box="[151,522,620,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="386DCF63FF838440FF2BFD9BFDBD278F" bold="true" box="[151,522,620,646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" reason="1">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FF2BFD9BFDBD278F" bold="true" box="[151,522,620,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF838440FF2BFD9BFE29278F" authority="Williams &amp; Lapolla, 2018" authorityName="Williams &amp; Lapolla" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,414,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FF2BFD9BFE29278F" bold="true" box="[151,414,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Prenolepis nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4ADD1966FF838440FE10FD9BFDBD278F" box="[428,522,620,646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6325780FFF838440FF2BFD79FE3327AE" blockId="7.[151,522,620,679]" box="[151,388,654,679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF838440FF2BFD79FEAC27AE" box="[151,283,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURES 1315" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1977,2000]" captionTargetBox="[382,1203,1018,1947]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[376,1211,1012,1957]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1315. Prenolepis nepalensis holotype worker ANTWEB CASENT0281462. Lateral, full-face, and dorsal view of the body. Images were downloaded from www.AntWeb.org and were taken by Zach Lieberman." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302009/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Figs. 1315</figureCitation>
(worker)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B802B84FF838440FF2BFD21FBF2261A" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6325780FFF838440FF2BFD21FBF2261A" blockId="7.[151,1437,726,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<materialsCitation id="D3F27252FF838440FF2BFD21FBF2261A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1851456388" collectingDate="1988-12-10" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. S. Ward" country="Nepal" elevation="900" latitude="28.2" location="Schima-Castanopsis forest" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="83.96667" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="BC21C6ADFF838440FF2BFD21FF4827E6" box="[151,255,726,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker,
<collectingCountry id="1B8D389FFF838440FEDBFD20FE7427E6" box="[359,451,727,751]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">NEPAL</collectingCountry>
:
<locationDeviation id="7297612DFF838440FE6CFD20FD0127E6" box="[464,694,726,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<quantity id="A462D5EAFF838440FE6CFD20FDBC27E6" box="[464,523,726,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
SSW Pokhara
</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="06AE1EC8FF838440FD78FD20FC9427E6" box="[708,803,727,751]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" precision="925" value="28.2">28°12'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="06AE1EC8FF838440FC8DFD21FC3927E6" box="[817,910,726,751]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" precision="925" value="83.96667">83°58'E</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<elevation id="E8B79F3CFF838440FC65FD20FB9227E7" box="[985,1061,727,751]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="900.0">
<quantity id="A462D5EAFF838440FC65FD20FB9227E7" box="[985,1061,727,751]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</quantity>
</elevation>
;
<location id="66452ED4FF838440FB8FFD21FAD227E6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB33C919FF83844FFF2BFD9BFDF82119:66452ED4FF838440FB8FFD21FAD227E6" box="[1075,1381,726,751]" country="Nepal" latitude="28.2" longLatPrecision="1233" longitude="83.96667" name="Schima-Castanopsis forest" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FB8FFD21FAAF27E6" box="[1075,1304,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Schima-Castanopsis</emphasis>
forest
</location>
; low vegetation;
<collectingDate id="0760A727FF838440FEA6FD0DFE2A261A" box="[282,413,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" value="1988-12-10">
<date id="17245ECFFF838440FEA6FD0DFE2A261A" box="[282,413,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" value="1988-12-10">10.xii.1988</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="CE6F1DD9FF838440FE15FD0CFDA1261A" box="[425,534,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">P.S. Ward</collectorName>
9670-7 (ANTWEB CASENT0281462) (
<collectionCode id="058BE0CAFF838440FC5EFD0CFB8E261A" box="[994,1081,763,787]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B802B84FF83844FFF7BFCE9FBE027C4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="6325780FFF838440FF7BFCE9FBA826CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,726,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FF7BFCE9FE14263E" bold="true" box="[199,419,798,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Worker diagnosis:</emphasis>
Posterolateral borders of the clypeus are shallow, making the cuticle of the clypeus appear continuous with that of the gena (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF838440FDB2FCB5FDFC2652" box="[526,587,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,946,969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1400,315,916]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,298,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13. Illustrations of head shapes in full-face view for all three species. 1, P. dugasi; 2, P. lakekamu; 3, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302001/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig 3</figureCitation>
). Three small ocelli present. Mesosoma is robust and compact. Pronotum is rounded and discontinuous with the mesonotum, which forms a dorsal hump anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF838440FBCBFC91FB022676" box="[1143,1205,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 46" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1350,1373]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,1026,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1018,1329]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 46. Illustrations of mesosoma shapes in profile view for all three species. 4, P. dugasi; 5, P. lakekamu; 6, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302003/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). Petiole is forwardinclined, subtriangular, and not elongate (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF838440FDDBFC7DFD1226AA" box="[615,677,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 46" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1350,1373]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,1026,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1018,1329]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 46. Illustrations of mesosoma shapes in profile view for all three species. 4, P. dugasi; 5, P. lakekamu; 6, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302003/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Fig 6</figureCitation>
). A distinct sparsity of long macrosetae on the head and mesosoma. Scapes and legs with an abundance of smaller, decumbent setae and pubescence.
</paragraph>
<caption id="37E52887FF838440FF2BF84EFBD322E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302009/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" startId="7.[151,264,1977,2000]" targetBox="[382,1203,1018,1947]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="6325780FFF838440FF2BF84EFBD322E7" blockId="7.[151,1435,1977,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FF2BF84EFEE322C6" bold="true" box="[151,340,1977,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">FIGURES 1315.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF838440FEE6F84DFD8E22D9" authorityName="Williams &amp; Lapolla" authorityYear="2018" box="[346,569,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF838440FEE6F84DFD8E22D9" box="[346,569,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="178">Prenolepis nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype worker ANTWEB CASENT0281462. Lateral, full-face, and dorsal view of the body. Images were downloaded from www.AntWeb.org and were taken by Zach Lieberman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6325780FFF8C844FFF7BFF60FD4025B9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,759,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFF7BFF60FECC25B9" bold="true" box="[199,379,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Compare with:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFE3EFF6EFD4025B9" box="[386,759,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFE3EFF6EFE4F25B9" authorityName="Williams &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2016" box="[386,504,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlena">P. darlena</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFDBFFF6EFDDE25B9" authorityName="Bharti &amp; Wachkoo" authorityYear="2012" box="[515,617,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">P. fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFDC8FF6EFD4025B9" baseAuthorityName="Williams &amp; LaPolla" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[628,759,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fustinoda">P. fustinoda</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6325780FFF8C844FFF7BFF4BFCED25F1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
WORKER.
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFEECFF4AFD8B25DD" box="[336,572,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Measurements (n=1)</emphasis>
: CMC: 2; EL: 0.19; HL: 0.72; HW: 0.67; MMC: 0; PMC: 2; PrMC: 2; SL: 0.75; TL: 2.86; WL: 0.92; CI: 93; REL: 26; REL2: 28; SI: 112.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6325780FFF8C844FFF2BFEF3FBE027C4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
Uniformly medium to dark brown head, mesosoma, gaster, legs, and antennae; entire cuticle smooth and shiny, with some light reticulation on head and gaster; sparse erect macrosetae on head and mesosoma; longer erect macrosetae on gaster; no erect macrosetae on scapes or legs, except for long, erect hairs on lateral margins of procoxae; decumbent setae and sparse pubescence cover entire head, mesosoma, and gaster; scapes and legs covered in dense pubescence; head about as broad as long and subtriangular in shape, with indistinct posterolateral corners; three small ocelli present; eyes moderately large and convex, but do not surpass lateral margins of head in full-face view; torulae overlap with posterior border of clypeus; clypeus without prominent anterolateral lobes; posterolateral borders of clypeus also relatively shallow, so that cuticle of clypeus and gena appears continuous (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF8C844FFF22FDD3FF692735" box="[158,222,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,946,969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1400,315,916]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,298,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13. Illustrations of head shapes in full-face view for all three species. 1, P. dugasi; 2, P. lakekamu; 3, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302001/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Fig 3</figureCitation>
); mandibles with 5 teeth on masticatory margin; ectal surface of mandibles smooth and shiny; in profile view, mesosoma is overall robust and compact; pronotum is rounded and discontinuous with mesonotum, which is also rounded and abruptly rises above pronotum, and declines posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF8C844FFC5AFD9BFB92278C" box="[998,1061,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 46" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1350,1373]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,1026,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1018,1329]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 46. Illustrations of mesosoma shapes in profile view for all three species. 4, P. dugasi; 5, P. lakekamu; 6, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Fig 6</figureCitation>
); metathoracic spiracles abruptly rise above the mesonotum at the point of mesosomal constriction; propodeum is slightly rounded with a flattened dorsal face; dorsal apex of petiole scale is low in profile and forward-inclined (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF8C844FFBB7FD43FBFE27C4" box="[1035,1097,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 46" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1350,1373]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,1026,1320]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,1018,1329]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 46. Illustrations of mesosoma shapes in profile view for all three species. 4, P. dugasi; 5, P. lakekamu; 6, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302003/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Fig 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B802B84FF8C844FFF7BFD20FDF82119" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6325780FFF8C844FFF7BFD20FAE327F9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,1364,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFF7BFD20FEE627F9" bold="true" box="[199,337,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet is named after the country of
<collectingCountry id="1B8D389FFF8C844FFC3AFD20FC7B27F9" box="[902,972,727,752]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Nepal</collectingCountry>
, where the
<typeStatus id="BC21C6ADFF8C844FFBF7FD20FB1A27F9" box="[1099,1197,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6325780FFF8C844FFF7BFD0BFDF82119" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFF7BFD0BFEA4261C" bold="true" box="[199,275,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Notes:</emphasis>
This species most strongly resembles the other three that are known from
<collectingCountry id="1B8D389FFF8C844FFBEBFD0BFB2D261C" box="[1111,1178,764,789]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Nepal</collectingCountry>
and nearby regions (
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFA3BFD0AFED12631" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFA3BFD0AFF462631" authorityName="Williams &amp; LaPolla" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darlena">P. darlena</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFF40FCD6FED52631" authorityName="Bharti &amp; Wachkoo" authorityYear="2012" box="[252,354,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fisheri">P. fisheri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFE20FCD6FDA82631" baseAuthorityName="Williams &amp; LaPolla" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[412,543,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fustinoda">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFE20FCD6FDA82631" box="[412,543,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">P. fustinoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but can most readily be distinguished by its lack of long, erect macrosetae and distinct body shape. Of these four species,
<taxonomicName id="A49A038CFF8C844FFD0FFCB2FCFA2654" authorityName="Williams &amp; Lapolla" authorityYear="2018" box="[691,845,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="51EEA41DFF8C844FFD0FFCB2FCFA2654" box="[691,845,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">P. nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only one to have: (1) relatively shallow posterolateral clypeal borders, making the cuticle of the clypeus and gena appear continuous (
<figureCitation id="FBA1648AFF8C844FFB7EFC90FAB62689" box="[1218,1281,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,946,969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1400,315,916]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,298,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13. Illustrations of head shapes in full-face view for all three species. 1, P. dugasi; 2, P. lakekamu; 3, P. nepalensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1302001/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="179">Fig 3</figureCitation>
); (2) a sparse layer of pubescence or decumbent hairs across the mesosoma, rather than an abundance of erect macrosetae; (3) scapes that are densely covered in pubescence and lack erect macrosetae; (4) a distinctly more robust and compact mesosoma, with the mesonotum rounded and rising above the pronotum; and (5) a forward-inclined triangular petiole that is relatively short in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>