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<mods:title id="2952C2DA45B1DCB34878401F486670D1">The species of Megaphragma Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Argentina</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4EB3FABAFDCAE163" ID-CoL="3YWM7" authority="Timberlake" authorityName="Timberlake" box="[151,609,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4EB3FABAFDCAE163" bold="true" box="[151,609,1284,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4EB3FABAFE7DE162" bold="true" box="[151,470,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
Timberlake
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABD16D7AD0CFFBC4EB3FAF5FEAAE3B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E218455CAD0CFFBC4EB3FAF5FD06E1DE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1354,1441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4EB3FAF5FD68E11E" ID-CoL="3YWM7" authority="Timberlake 1924: 414" authorityName="Timberlake" authorityPageNumber="414" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,707,1354,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4EB3FAF5FE67E11E" box="[151,460,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="6306634DAD0CFFBC4FF7FAF5FD68E11E" author="Timberlake" box="[467,707,1354,1377]" page="414" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4FF7FAF5FD26E11E" author="Timberlake" box="[467,653,1354,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Timberlake, P. H. (1924) Descriptions of new chalcid-flies from Hawaii and Mexico (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5, 395 - 417." type="journal article" year="1924">Timberlake 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 414
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="3D1CFBFEAD0CFFBC4CEAFAF5FC9EE11E" box="[718,821,1354,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: female on slide; Hawaii, Mountain View, January, 1920; coll. C. E. Pemberton; deposited in the collection of the
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4D3AFAD5FCFFE1FE" box="[798,852,1386,1409]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">U. S.</collectingCountry>
National Museum, Washington.
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4EB3FA35FE60E1DE" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[151,459,1418,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4EB3FA35FE60E1DE" box="[151,459,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Viggiani 1997: 118.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E218455CAD0CFFBC4EB3FA72FEE3E210" blockId="1.[151,1436,1485,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
Notes on the
<typeStatus id="3D1CFBFEAD0CFFBC4F0FFA72FEF1E19B" box="[299,346,1485,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4FA4FA72FD91E19B" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[384,570,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4FA4FA72FD91E19B" box="[384,570,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">M. mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and characters additional to those given in the key for its discrimination were given by Viggiani (1997) and
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4FFFFA4FFCBBE278" author="Viggiani" box="[475,784,1520,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Viggiani, G. &amp; Bernardo, U. (1997) Two species of Megaphragma (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae), egg-parasitoids of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis Bouche (Thysanoptera) in southern Italy, with description of a new species. Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura, Serie II 29 (1), 51 - 55." type="journal article" year="1997">Viggiani &amp; Bernardo (1997)</bibRefCitation>
. The species was first reported from
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4A84FA4FFAA0E278" box="[1184,1291,1520,1543]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Argentina</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4B10FA4FFF4BE256" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="De Santis, L. (1970) Anotaciones sobre calcidoideos argentinos. IV. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 32 (1 - 4), 69 - 71." type="journal article">
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4B10FA4FFAF8E278" box="[1332,1363,1520,1543]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">De</collectingCountry>
Santis (1970)
</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of two females mounted on slides in the collection of A. A. Ogloblin (MLPA). These specimens, although not in good condition, clearly show the main characters for the discrimination of the species as reported by Viggiani (1997).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E218455CAD0CFFBC4EE2F9C5FDB6E340" blockId="1.[151,1436,1485,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4EE2F9C5FE54E2EE" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[198,511,1658,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4EE2F9C5FE54E2EE" box="[198,511,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather widely distributed (
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4D63F9C5FC1EE2EE" box="[839,949,1658,1681]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Argentina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4DE0F9C5FBABE2EE" box="[964,1024,1658,1681]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Chile</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4A2BF9C5FB39E2EE" box="[1039,1170,1658,1681]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4A85F9C5FB78E2EE" box="[1185,1235,1658,1681]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4AC6F9C5FAB7E2EE" box="[1250,1308,1658,1681]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
: California, Louisiana, Hawaii). The populations recorded in
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4C83F922FD76E2CB" box="[679,733,1693,1716]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4CCFF922FBBBE2CB" author="Hessein" box="[747,1040,1693,1716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Hessein, N. A. &amp; McMurtry, J. A. (1988) Observations on Megaphragma mymaripenne Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasite of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche) (Thysanptera: Thripidae). Pan- Pacific Entomologist, 64 (3), 250 - 254." type="journal article" year="1988">Hessein &amp; McMurtry 1988</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0CFFBC4A6AF922FBD4E2CB" box="[1102,1151,1693,1716]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Italy</collectingCountry>
are represented mainly by females; males are very rare and reproduction is normally thelytokous (
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4DB7F97FFB13E2A8" author="Bernardo" box="[915,1208,1728,1751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Bernardo, U. &amp; Viggiani, G. (2003) Biological data on Megaphragma amalphitanum Viggiani and Megaphragma mymaripenne Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), egg-parasitoids of Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in southern Italy. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, 58 (2002), 77 - 85." type="journal article" year="2003">Bernardo &amp; Viggiani 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The material reared by one of us is here preliminarily identified as
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4CAFF95DFCEBE286" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[651,832,1762,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4CAFF95DFD0AE286" box="[651,673,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4C8BF95DFCEBE286" box="[687,832,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in contrast to the known populations of the species, the reared specimens from corn appear to be normally bisexual. To clarify the taxonomic meaning of this, biological and molecular investigations are needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E218455CAD0CFFBC4EE2F8F5FEAAE3B6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1485,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="863638ADAD0CFFBC4EE2F8F5FE43E31E" author="Aquino" box="[198,488,1866,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" refString="Aquino, D. A. &amp; Molinari, A. M. (2007) Nuevos registros de distribucion y huesped para Megaphragma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 66 (1 - 2), 157 - 158." type="journal article" year="2007">Aquino &amp; Molinari (2007)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4C76F8F5FCA3E31E" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[594,776,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4C76F8F5FCA3E31E" box="[594,776,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">M. mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a parasitoid of
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4DF0F8F5FB1BE31E" ID-CoL="PKRD" box="[980,1200,1866,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Caliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phaseoli">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4DF0F8F5FB1BE31E" box="[980,1200,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Caliothrips phaseoli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is erroneous because of misidentification (see under
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4C61F8D2FCAFE3FB" ID-CoL="3YWLX" box="[581,772,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amalphitanum">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4C61F8D2FCAFE3FB" box="[581,772,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">M. amalphitanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4D3FF8D2FBFAE3FB" ID-CoL="3YWM7" box="[795,1105,1901,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4D3FF8D2FBFAE3FB" box="[795,1105,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an egg parasitoid of several species of
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4F2BF82FFDD9E3D8" ID-CoL="K3C" box="[271,626,1936,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panchaetothripinae">Panchaetothripinae (Thripidae)</taxonomicName>
. The most common host is the widespread
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0CFFBC4A7EF82FFF55E3B6" ID-CoL="3KC7Y" authority="Bouche" authorityName="Bouche" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Heliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0CFFBC4A7EF82FFA37E3D8" box="[1114,1436,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
(Bouché)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABD16D7AD0FFFBF4EE2FF27FE1FE500" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E218455CAD0FFFBF4EE2FF27FE1FE500" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4EE2FF27FE38E4D0" box="[198,403,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Material examined</emphasis>
(all material slide mounted).
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0FFFBF4CFFFF27FCD1E4D0" box="[731,890,152,175]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
. Buenos Aires,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4A0CFF27FB2DE4D0" box="[1064,1158,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1961-05-02">2.v.1961</date>
, J.C. Paz (
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0FFFBF4ADBFF27FA37E4D0" box="[1279,1436,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4ADBFF27FA37E4D0" box="[1279,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Megaphragma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., A.A. Ogloblin det.) [1 Ƥ,
<collectionCode id="84B6DD99AD0FFFBF4FFEFF05FD83E4AE" box="[474,552,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">MLPA</collectionCode>
]. Misiones, Loreto,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4CD9FF05FCD8E4AE" box="[765,883,186,209]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1934-03-12">12.iii.1934</date>
, A.A. Ogloblin (“
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0FFFBF4A10FF05FAFEE4AE" box="[1076,1365,186,209]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Microgramma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4A10FF05FAFEE4AE" box="[1076,1365,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Microgramma minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0FFFBF4B52FF05FA27E4AE" box="[1398,1420,186,209]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">O</collectingCountry>
”,
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0FFFBF4EB3FF62FD4EE48B" authority="Timberlake L. De Santis" authorityName="Timberlake L. De Santis" box="[151,741,221,244]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Megaphragma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mymaripenne">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4EB3FF62FE7BE48B" box="[151,464,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Megaphragma mymaripenne</emphasis>
Timberlake L.
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0FFFBF4C5FFF62FD30E48B" box="[635,667,221,244]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">De</collectingCountry>
Santis
</taxonomicName>
det.) [1 Ƥ,
<collectionCode id="84B6DD99AD0FFFBF4D41FF62FC1FE48B" box="[869,948,221,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">MLPA</collectionCode>
]. Salta Prov.,
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0FFFBF4A6EFF62FB28E48B" box="[1098,1155,221,244]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Orán</collectingCountry>
, to San Andres along Rio Blanco;
<quantity id="255FE8B9AD0FFFBF4ED2FEBFFEEBE568" box="[246,320,256,279]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="535.0">535 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8793239BAD0FFFBF4F69FEBFFE1BE568" box="[333,432,256,279]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" precision="555" value="-23.11">23.11 °S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8793239BAD0FFFBF4F99FEBFFD81E568" box="[445,554,256,279]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" precision="555" value="-64.52">64.52 °W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4C12FEBFFD1CE568" box="[566,695,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2003-03-23">23.iii-2003</date>
; swp scrub &amp; ginger; J. Munro coll. [2 Ƥ, UCR]. San Miguel de Tucumán,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4F29FE9DFE2BE546" box="[269,384,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2006-10" valueMax="2006-11-31" valueMin="2006-10-00">x xi.2006</date>
, E. Luft Albarracin (ex
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4CA8FE9DFCA5E546" box="[652,782,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Caleothrips</emphasis>
sp. eggs on corn) [5 Ƥ &amp; 2 33,
<collectionCode id="84B6DD99AD0FFFBF4ABCFE9DFB43E546" box="[1176,1256,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">MLPA</collectionCode>
]; San Miguel de Tucumán,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4F2CFEFAFEF0E523" box="[264,347,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="2006-09">ix.2006</date>
, E. Luft (ex
<taxonomicName id="25A73EDFAD0FFFBF4FC4FEFAFDF2E523" box="[480,601,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Caliothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D3994EAD0FFFBF4FC4FEFAFDF2E523" box="[480,601,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Caliothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. eggs on corn) [3 33
<collectionCode id="84B6DD99AD0FFFBF4D44FEFAFC05E523" box="[864,942,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">MLPA</collectionCode>
].
<collectingCountry id="9AB005CCAD0FFFBF4D9AFEFAFBCBE523" box="[958,1120,325,348]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. Aragua, Cuyagua,
<date id="9619639CAD0FFFBF4B14FEFAFA3CE523" box="[1328,1431,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" value="1999-11-01">1.xi.1999</date>
, J. L. Garcia [1 Ƥ,
<collectionCode id="84B6DD99AD0FFFBF4F7CFED7FE02E500" box="[344,425,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">URGV</collectionCode>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>