498 lines
84 KiB
XML
498 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803628" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803628" checkinTime="1587714821785" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Girón, Jennifer C. & Franz, Nico M." docDate="2010" docId="03807F35FFA9FF93AF5BEE03FBA4FF40" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectSystematicsEvoluition.41.4.339-.pdf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics & Evolution 41" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Apodrosus Marshall 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="353" masterDocId="FFB9074DFFAAFF9DAF22E84BFFE5FFB3" masterDocTitle="Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)" masterLastPageNumber="414" masterPageNumber="339" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" updateTime="1643561977367" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Girón, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Call Box 9000, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Franz, Nico M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Call Box 9000, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Insect Systematics & Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>41</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>339</mods:start>
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<mods:end>414</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1163/187631210X538799</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3764564</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8A452E15-BAE9-49CF-9023-978DB3F47DBB</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803628" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803628" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03807F35FFA9FF93AF5BEE03FBA4FF40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03807F35FFA9FF93AF5BEE03FBA4FF40" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
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<subSubSection box="[121,475,1608,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[121,716,1608,1670]" box="[121,475,1608,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
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<heading bold="true" box="[121,475,1608,1636]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marshall, 1922: 59" authorityName="Marshall" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1922" box="[121,475,1608,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,431,1608,1635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,242,1608,1635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, G. A. K." box="[250,475,1609,1636]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" pagination="59 - 71" part="13" refId="ref40333" refString="Marshall, G. A. K. (1922) Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 13: 59 - 71." title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae)" type="journal article" year="1922">Marshall, 1922: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[121,716,1643,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[121,716,1608,1670]" box="[121,716,1643,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">
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=
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<taxonomicName authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[143,360,1643,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrusus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="342" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[143,254,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="342">Apodrusus</emphasis>
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Marshall
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</taxonomicName>
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(in Wolcott 1924: 130 – error)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,245,148,173]" box="[121,245,148,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis box="[121,245,148,173]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Type species</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,826,199,226]" box="[121,826,199,226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marshall 1922: 59" authorityName="Marshall" authorityPageNumber="59" authorityYear="1922" box="[121,540,199,226]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
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<emphasis box="[121,321,199,225]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus wolcotti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, G. A. K." box="[328,540,199,226]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" pagination="59 - 71" part="13" refId="ref40333" refString="Marshall, G. A. K. (1922) Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 13: 59 - 71." title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae)" type="journal article" year="1922">Marshall 1922: 59</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,225,264,289]" box="[121,225,264,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis box="[121,225,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1089,315,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[121,229,315,341]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[121,229,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a genus of relatively small sized (3-7 mm), often metallic colored, exclusively (western) Caribbean entimine weevils with phanerognathous mouthparts (i.e., the maxillae are visible along the sides of the prementum;
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<figureCitation box="[744,831,385,411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
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), without a postocular lobe and vibrissae, and with the humeri and wings being well developed. Species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[121,229,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[121,229,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may resemble those of members of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1911" box="[659,807,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Anypotactini">Anypotactini</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1823" box="[858,991,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Polydrusini">Polydrusini</taxonomicName>
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. According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, G. A. K." box="[192,420,489,516]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" pagination="59 - 71" part="13" refId="ref40333" refString="Marshall, G. A. K. (1922) Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 13: 59 - 71." title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae)" type="journal article" year="1922">Marshall (1922: 59)</bibRefCitation>
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, the genus shares with the strictly continental
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[931,1044,489,515]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polydrusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[931,1044,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Polydrusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“its more salient characteristics”, including a laterally situated antennal scrobe and connate claws(see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. S." box="[276,452,558,584]" editor="Arnett Jr., R. H. & Thomas, M. C. & Skelley, P. E. & Frank, J. H." journalOrPublisher="CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" pagination="722 - 815" refId="ref39227" refString="Anderson, R. S. (2002) Family 131. Curculionidae. In: Arnett Jr., R. H., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P. E. & Frank, J. H. (Eds) American beetles, volume 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea to Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 722 - 815." title="Family 131. Curculionidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="American beetles, volume 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea to Curculionoidea" year="2002">Anderson 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).However,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[579,687,558,584]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[579,687,558,584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[975,1088,558,584]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polydrusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[975,1088,558,584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Polydrusus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other polydrusine genera by a particular combination of characters including a median furrow on the head (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[512,599,627,654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[121,154,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,571,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[235,975,571,1561]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Apodrosus earinusparsus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
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); a large, bare, and smooth triangular area formed by the epistome on the rostrum (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[642,727,662,688]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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); the presence of premucro; the presence of a median fovea on the ventral sternum VII; and an either J- or Y-shaped female spermatheca (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[419,487,731,758]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[121,154,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,569,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1085,563,1623]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Apodrosus wolcotti, female terminalia. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764576/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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Dand 13G).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[648,756,731,757]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[648,756,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is furthermore distinguished from an undescribed though apparently closely related genus that also occurs at higher elevations in the Hispaniolan Cordillera by having a well defined epistome, well developed elytral humeri, and fully developed wings (pers. obs.). Finally,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[902,1010,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[902,1010,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Apodrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName authority="Schoenherr" authorityName="Schoenherr" authorityYear="1840" box="[184,449,870,897]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anypotactus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[184,313,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Anypotactus</emphasis>
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Schoenherr
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</taxonomicName>
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in having connate (as opposed to free) claws.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="4" pageNumber="343" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,264,934,960]" box="[121,264,934,960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis box="[121,264,934,960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Redescription</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1089,986,1290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis box="[121,181,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Body.</emphasis>
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Length 2–6 mm; length in dorsal view 2–3-times longer than greatest width which is either at humeri or at mid-point to second third of elytra (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[921,1005,1021,1047]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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); shape usually subrectangular; dorsal outline in lateral view subplane to strongly convex (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[121,209,1090,1116]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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). Integument dark brown, paler or more reddish or yellowish on legs, lighter in teneral specimens; surface smooth to undulated; vestiture heterogeneous to uniform, composed of small, circular to elongate, appressed, contiguous, mostly nonoverlapping (excepting lateral and apical regions of elytra), white to brown or green, iridescent (yellowish, reddish or greenish), with ribbed surface scales, and short and recurvate or long and erect setae, regularly and sparsely arranged throughout.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[121,1089,1333,1672]" lastBlockId="6.[121,1088,1361,1491]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="345" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">
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<emphasis box="[121,188,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Head.</emphasis>
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Shape in dorsal view subconical (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[636,722,1333,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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). Eyes in dorsal view slightly to strongly projected from the surface of the head (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[710,790,1367,1393]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[121,154,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[234,976,146,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[234,976,146,1155]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Apodrosus eximius. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764588/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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Band 11B), inner margins converging apically; in lateral view elliptical, 1.4–1.9-times longer than wide; eyes 0.3–0.6-times width and 0.6–0.8-times length of head in lateral view; separated from anterior margin of prothorax by 0.3–0.7-times greatest diameter of eye; ocular sclerite well defined all around the eye; imaginary line of anterior margin of eyes usually impressed. Frons trapezoidal (e.g.,
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<figureCitation box="[517,617,1541,1567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[121,154,1159,1181]" captionTargetBox="[234,975,146,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[234,975,146,1137]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 13. Apodrosus viridium. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764594/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="343">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
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), shortest distance between eyes 0.2–0.5- times greatest width of pronotum; with a mesal longitudinal furrow of variable length and depth, furrow apically linear or bifurcated. Rostrum in dorsal view nearly as long as head, 1–1.5-times longer than wide, lateral margins parallel (or converging towards apex or mesally slightly emarginate – rostrum mesally constricted –); median region of rostrum flat to slightly produced; epistomal area well defined (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[914,1003,1394,1420]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="344">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), large, triangular, glabrous and shiny, usually extending to antennal insertion, apically with 3–5 setae situated on each side; nasal plate (on the apical margin of epistome) not always defined, if so, then flat to concave, finely puncturate, variable in size. Rostrum in lateral view slightly curved downwards, length 1–1.6-times its basal width; antennal insertion apicad of mid length of rostrum; scrobe curved downwards by 40–70°, well defined throughout, deep, glabrous, initiating in apicodorsal region, ending in basiventral region, posteriorly or ventrally directed, extending at least to anterior margin or at most to anterior third of eye, separated from it (at shortest distance) by 1.2–2.7-times width of scrobe; ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[646,730,1395,1422]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with scarce long suberect setae; gular suture clearly visible, with a shallow basal pit, continuing as shallow to deep lateral subgenal sutures with anterior and posterior pits clearly defined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="344" startId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" targetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[121,1089,1201,1282]" pageId="5" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,183,1201,1223]" pageId="5" pageNumber="344">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[194,358,1202,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[194,358,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="344">Apodrosus wolcotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,149,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="344">via</emphasis>
|
||
http://www.brill/ise
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="345" startId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" targetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1090,1175,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,183,1175,1197]" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[232,432,1175,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epipolevatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[232,432,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Apodrosus epipolevatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, head, ventral view; (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wolcott" authorityYear="1924" box="[661,778,1175,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[661,675,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[687,778,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">argentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[295,391,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,309,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,391,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">wolcotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right maxilla, ventral view; (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[692,787,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="345" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,706,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,787,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">wolcotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1021,1234,1255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">via</emphasis>
|
||
http:// www.brill/ise
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[121,1095,1534,1665]" lastBlockId="7.[121,1089,147,659]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,247,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||
. Mandibles glabrous and shiny; each mandible with 1–2 long, laterally positioned setae, with pharyngeal process 0.9–1.6-times length of mandible; mandibular scar (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[215,301,1603,1630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (strongly) reduced, not always clearly visible, apicoventrally situated; deciduous process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[348,439,1638,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
), if present, short and sickle-shaped. Maxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="6" pageNumber="345">Fig. 2A and 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) visible along the sides of the prementum, with cardo slender, 3–4-times longer than its greatest width, apically widened, roundly and strongly curved at junction with stipes; stipes with 1–4 lateral setae; palpiger usually with one long lateral seta, surface covered with short, sparse setae, fused with galeo-lacinial complex; the latter mesally extending (at least) to apex of maxillary palpomere I or (at most) to midpoint of maxillary palpomere III; galea apically widely rounded, usually with 4–8 tongue-like apically narrowed setae at apex and often with a basal tuft of shorter, narrower, apically rounded setae; lacinia with 3–5 lacinial teeth and two to several or many long fine setae at base; maxillary palps 3-segmented, maxillary palpomeres of variable lengths, I and II usually with 1–2 mesal lateral setae; apex of palpomere III with papillae. Labium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[956,1020,459,485]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,154,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[125,1085,146,1152]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764568/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
Aand 2D) with prementum not covering the maxillae; prementum subquadrate to rectangular, 1.1–1.9-times longer than wide, with external surface smooth or reticulate; labial palps 3-segmented, inserted near the apex of prementum; palpomeres often apically gradually reducing in size; frequently labial palpomere I with 1 long lateral or ventral seta, III with papillae; postmentum projected as a peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[121,1089,702,1041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,232,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Antennae.</emphasis>
|
||
12-segmented, reddish to yellowish, light brown; antennal scape slender, apically widened, extending (in repose) to second third of eyes up to beyond posterior margin of eyes, though not reaching anterior margin of prothorax, passing far below eye, with scarce and sparse fine setae, almost glabrous; funicle 7-segmented, often as long as scape; funicular antennomere I apically widened, usually longer and thicker than II; II usually cylindrical, longer than remaining antennomeres; funicular antennomeres III–VII clavate, progressing from elongate to equilateral, similar in shape and length; antennal club 4-segmented, finely and densely pilose, 0.5–0.8-times length of funicle, 2–3-times longer than wide; club segments I and IV usually similar in length, II and III each slightly longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[121,1089,1083,1665]" lastBlockId="8.[121,1089,1047,1247]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="347" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,197,1083,1109]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum transverse to cylindrical (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[687,752,1083,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
Aand 6A), greatest width at apical third or at midpoint; dorsal surface usually smooth (in some species slightly transversally impressed at anterior third), shallowly and sparsely puncturate, each puncture with a seta; lateral margins subparallel, slightly rounded near midpoint; posterior margin straight to bisinuate, 1–1.3-times width of anterior margin; prothorax in lateral view cylindrical, dorsal outline usually straight, 1.3–1.6-times longer than ventral outline, with anterior margin straight, postocular setae absent; scutellum conspicuous, variously shaped, shiny, usually with scarce setae, almost glabrous. Prosternum and metasternum nearly the same length (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[657,746,1361,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesosternum 0.5–0.9-times length of prosternum and strongly inflected in relation to pro- and metasternum (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[121,212,1430,1456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="346">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); procoxal cavities contiguous, positioned slightly closer to anterior than to posterior margin of prosternum. Mesosternum with mesocoxal cavities each 3–5-times wider than intercoxal process. Mesepimeron and mesepisternum triangular, suture separating them foveate ventrad of midpoint. Metasternum with a median posterior fovea either well developed or reduced, each lateral portion mesally and posteriorly produced (in lateral view, metasternum gradually produced posteriorly), usually each terminating abruptly as a horizontal plica; distance between posterior margin of mesocoxae and anterior margin of metacoxae 0.6–0.9-times length of prosternum; distance separating metacoxal cavities 0.5–0.6-times width of each metacoxal cavity. Metendosternite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[322,406,1117,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[121,154,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,149,945]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[125,1085,146,945]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Apodrosus wolcotti; (A) metendosternite, posterior view; (B) left wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764570/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with furcal arms longer than stalk, positioned nearly at 120° (or 60°) in relation to horizontal axis (=imaginary straight line connecting hemiducts); ventral margin of stalk 1.3–3.6-times its dorsal width; anterior tendons inserted at midpoint or slightly closer to midline than to base of furcal arms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764570" box="[121,841,967,990]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764570/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" startId="8.[121,154,967,989]" targetBox="[125,1085,149,945]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,841,967,990]" box="[121,841,967,990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,183,967,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,365,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[195,359,968,989]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="347" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">Apodrosus wolcotti</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) metendosternite, posterior view; (B) left wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[121,1089,1290,1664]" lastBlockId="9.[121,1089,147,243]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,174,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="347">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
Uniformly and densely covered with scales, except on posterior surface of metafemora; femora unarmed, 1.0–1.5-times length of pronotum, mesofemur slightly shorter; tibiae straight, slightly curved inwards at apical 1/6, without denticles, usually with spiniform setae on ventral margin; mucro shorter than tarsal claws, premucro present; apex of protibiae with anterior margin usually straight, with an apical fringe of whitish, yellowish or brownish, stout setae; mesotibiae slightly shorter, with anterior margin dorsally oblique, with an apical fringe of fine, spiniform setae, setae increasing in length towards dorsal margin; metatibiae with anterior margin dorsally oblique, with an apical fringe of yellowish or brownish, fine, spiniform setae, setae increasing in length towards dorsal margin, and with a flange shielding tarsal insertion outwardly (corbel semi-enclosed); surface surrounding tarsal condyle glabrous and shiny; tarsi ventrally densely covered with setae, with tarsomeres I and II subtriangular, I slightly longer than II, III bilobed, 2-times wider than II, IV short, 0.2-times width of II, V shorter than I+II combined; claws connate, simple, subparallel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,286,763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,186,286,312]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[258,321,286,312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
Aand 6A).Length in dorsal view 1.1–2-times their greatest width, which is 1.5–1.9-times wider than pronotum; anterior margins straight to sinuate; humeri present, roundly angulate; humeral region 1.5–1.6-times width of posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins usually parallel, divergent on basal two-thirds, then straightly to roundly converging to apex; apex widely to narrowly rounded; in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane to strongly convex; posterior declivity gradual, widely rounded to nearly straight; with 10 complete elytral striae, separated from each other by a distance similar to width of a metatibia; punctures deep and glabrous, separated from each other longitudinally by distance similar to the length of each puncture; striae IX and X either completely separated along their entire length by a more or less uniform distance, or fused in mid region along the second third of elytra; intervals uniformly covered with scales, sometimes forming different color patterns, with recurvate and decumbent or straight and erect setae regularly arranged in rows along mid region of elytral intervals; interval X flat to produced along second fifth or sixth of elytra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,806,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,188,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[205,292,806,833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[121,154,967,989]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,149,945]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[125,1085,146,945]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 3. Apodrosus wolcotti; (A) metendosternite, posterior view; (B) left wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764570" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764570/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
).Fully developed, 1.2–2.5-times length of elytra, 3–3.7-times longer than wide; costal margin from nearly straight to emarginate along basal half and slightly rounded thereafter; apex widely to acutely rounded, usually as wide as base (distad of alar sclerites); alar venation usually well developed: R and Rr well defined and rs distinct, darkened; radial window (W) defined; R3 weakly defined, not reaching alar margin; pst distally narrowed, not reaching alar margin; mst weakly defined; h conspicuous, not reaching alar margin; radial and medial margins nearly straight; Mr, Cu and Cu1 well defined, af distinct; cubital margin nearly straight; 1A1 and 1A2 slightly visible near margin; 2A well defined, vanishing at margin; 3A usually short, at most reaching mid length towards margin of wing, intersecting or not with 2A; 4A visible as a vanishing light stripe; anal area with margin usually rounded; medial, cubital and anal margins with a fringe of short and fine setae separated from each other by distance similar to the length of a seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,1291,1560]" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,223,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Venter (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[398,490,1291,1318]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) scarcely to densely covered with scales; segments V–VII separate; posterior margin of IV slightly rounded in mid region; VII with anterior margin 1.9–2.5-times wider than its length, usually with a median posterior fovea; ♂: posterior margin of III mesally slightly acutely emarginate, IV 1.2–2-times longer than V to VI jointly, IV 1-1.4x length of VII, posterior margin of VII widely rounded; ♀: posterior margin of III mesally roundly emarginate, IV usually longer than in males, IV 1.4–2-times length of VII, VII posterior margin rounded, slightly narrower than in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[121,1089,1603,1699]" lastBlockId="11.[121,1089,147,208]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="350" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,242,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Male with tergum VII (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[530,618,1603,1630]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="348">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) transverse to slightly elongate, with two meso-lateral, longitudinally aligned, transversely strigulate stripes extending to posterior margin, continuing laterally into an area with fine, appressed spines, mesal area basally wider than a strigulate stripe, posteriorly widened, with simple or multifid setae particularly concentrated in posterior area; anterior margin of tergum VII rounded to triangular; posterior margin laterally rounded, mesally emarginate to rounded. Tergum VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[184,267,1048,1075]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) transverse to equilateral, with anterior margin rounded to mesally acutely emarginate; surface usually evenly convex; posteriorly coarsely puncturate, with setae; posterior margin from slightly emarginate in mid region and laterally widely rounded to widely rounded. Sternum VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[509,596,1152,1179]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) forming an entire sickle-shaped plate, usually with spiculum relictum forming a forked process. Sternum IX (spiculum gastrale) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[129,218,1222,1248]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with apodeme 1.1–1.6-times longer than aedeagus, anteriorly expanded into an asymmetrical, irregular lamina, posteriorly rounded, narrowly truncate; furcal arms opposed, semi-oval to triangular, variable in degree of sclerotization, separated from stylus yet connected to it by a membrane. Tegmen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[716,802,1326,1352]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with tegminal apodeme 0.6–1-times length of aedeagus; basal piece fused with tegminal plate forming a simple ring; tegminal plate simple or mesally slightly projected posteriorly. Aedeagus in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[187,270,1430,1456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.3–5-times longer than its greatest width, parallel sided to mesally narrowed or apically slightly widened; apex variable. Endophallus with at least a pair of variously shaped, opposed and sclerotized areas positioned near apex, closing the ostium, and 1–2 single or paired sclerites near midpoint; usually without teeth, if present, accommodated in usually a pair of rows of few (3–6) and stepwise alternating or many and contiguous, directed to median longitudinal axis of aedeagus. Aedeagus in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[297,387,1638,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[121,154,813,835]" captionTargetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[125,1085,146,790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
) dorsally convex, length 7–10-times its greatest width; dorsal and ventral outlines not uniformly curved, convergent basally. Aedeagal apodemes 0.8–1.1-times length of aedeagus, anteriorly widened; curved at some point, thereafter nearly straight towards base of aedeagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764572" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764572" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764572/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" startId="10.[121,154,813,835]" targetBox="[126,1085,146,790]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[121,1089,813,893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,185,813,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,370,813,834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="349">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[197,365,813,834]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="349" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">Apodrosus wolcotti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[430,527,813,835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="10" pageNumber="399" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[121,1089,251,486]" lastBlockId="12.[121,1089,147,555]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="351" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,206,251,277]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
With tergum VII transverse to slightly elongate, without strigulate stripes; lateral areas with fine, appressed spines; anterior margin rounded; posterior margin mesally emarginate to rounded; marginal area coarsely puncturate, with simple or multifid setae in distal third. Tergum VIII subtriangular, transverse to elongate, anterior margin emarginate, apical margin usually rounded and apical area puncturate, with setae. Sternum VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[354,438,425,452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[121,154,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,569,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1085,563,1623]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Apodrosus wolcotti, female terminalia. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly shorter than ventral sterna III–VII jointly, lamina occupying posterior one-fourth to one-fifth, triangular, sagittate, rhomboidal or semicircular, with rounded corners; usually median longitudinal region more sclerotized than basilateral sides, apicolateral areas upwardly plicate, apex with punctures and setae. Coxites+styli (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[350,416,217,244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[121,154,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,569,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1085,563,1623]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Apodrosus wolcotti, female terminalia. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764576/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Band 5C) 0.8–1.6-times length of lamina of sternum VIII, stylus 2.4–3.6-times longer than its greatest width, obovate, inserted apicodorsally, with 2–5 apical setae. Genital chamber 0.6–0.8-times length of sternum VIII. Spermatheca (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,402,321,348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[121,154,1645,1667]" captionTargetBox="[125,1085,569,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[125,1085,563,1623]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Apodrosus wolcotti, female terminalia. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764576/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
Dand 13G) 1.2–1.8-times longer than wide, J- or Y-shaped; cornu nearly straight, length similar to greatest width of spermatheca, usually perpendicular to ramus, with an abruptly narrowed apical projection; margin between cornu and ramus nearly straight; ramus usually longer and wider than collum, apically truncate to rounded, separated from collum by a straight lateral margin; collum usually laterally produced above mid-length of corpus, generally apically narrowed, truncate; surface usually striate, particularly on cornu and ramus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764576/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" startId="11.[121,154,1645,1667]" targetBox="[125,1085,569,1623]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[121,1088,1645,1696]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,183,1645,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,366,1645,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="350">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[195,362,1645,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="350" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">Apodrosus wolcotti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[439,536,1645,1667]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="11" pageNumber="399" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="351" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[121,232,615,641]" box="[121,232,615,641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<emphasis box="[121,232,615,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,667,797]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
Noun in apposition. Possibly named by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall, G. A. K." box="[598,785,667,694]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Entomological Research" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" pagination="59 - 71" part="13" refId="ref40333" refString="Marshall, G. A. K. (1922) Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 13: 59 - 71." title="Some injurious Neotropical weevils (Curculionidae)" type="journal article" year="1922">Marshall (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to express a close affinity to
|
||
<emphasis box="[157,278,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[157,274,702,728]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polydrusus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polydrusus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with the Greek term
|
||
<emphasis box="[551,589,703,728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">apo</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “related to” and
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,978,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">drosos</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “dew, drop” (cf.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, R. W." bookContentInfo="882 pp." box="[315,459,737,764]" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" refId="ref39480" refString="Brown, R. W. (1956) Composition of scientific words, revised edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 882 pp." title="Composition of scientific words, revised edition" type="book" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which may allude to the weevils’ body shape in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="353" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[121,493,875,902]" box="[121,493,875,902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[121,493,875,902]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[121,493,875,902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
Key to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[372,493,875,902]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[372,493,875,902]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Apodrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">1. Posterior margin of epistome projected basad of rostrum as a carinate stripe; antennal scape surpassing posterior margin of eyes …………………..……2</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">1'. Posterior margin of epistome not projected; antennal scape usually not or merely reaching posterior margin of eyes………….……………….………6</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" box="[153,1095,1066,1093]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">2(1). Lateral profile of metasternum posteriorly strongly projected …….….……3</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
2'. Lateral profile of metasternum posteriorly only slightly produced; body narrow in dorsal view (3.2-times longer than wide); vestiture composed of yellowish brown, black and green, iridescent (yellowish, reddish) scales, with recurvate, lanceolate brown setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[607,673,1205,1232]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[121,154,1611,1633]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,572,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[234,975,572,1589]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 6. Apodrosus artus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764578/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
)……….….…….……
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[939,1025,1205,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,956,1205,1231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1025,1206,1231]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">artus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1032,1086,1205,1231]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" box="[153,1095,1239,1266]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">3(2). Surface of elytra produced basad of midpoint of interval X…….………….4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
3'. Surface of elytra flat along interval X; in dorsal view shield-shaped; elytral striae IX and X fused along their second third; vestiture composed of brown, coppery and green, iridescent (greenish to yellowish) scales, with erect setae; apex of aedeagus uniformly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[562,628,1378,1405]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[121,154,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,475,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[235,975,475,1532]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Apodrosus andersoni. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764580/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) …….…....…….……
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[890,1027,1378,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,907,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1027,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">andersoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1034,1088,1379,1405]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">4(3). Surface of elytra strongly produced basad of midpoint of interval X; nasal plate indistinct…………………………………………………………….5</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">
|
||
4'. Surface of elytra slightly produced along basal fourth of interval X; nasal plate visible; eyes strongly projected; vestiture composed of dark brown, light brown and green, iridescent (reddish) scales, with long, erect and apically truncate, brown and whitish setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[625,690,1586,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[121,154,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,571,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[235,975,571,1561]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 8. Apodrosus earinusparsus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764582/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
)……………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[849,1026,1587,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="earinusparsus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[849,866,1587,1613]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,1026,1587,1612]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">earinusparsus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1089,1587,1613]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[152,1096,927,1682]" pageId="12" pageNumber="351">5(4). Elytral striae IX and X completely separated along their entire length; scale coverage of legs with color pattern; dorsal outline in lateral view subplane to</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
convex; integument surface slightly tuberculate; vestiture composed of brown, light brown to white, iridescent (greenish, yellowish to reddish) scales, with recurvate, semi-erect setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[530,596,217,243]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[121,154,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,611,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[234,975,610,1531]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 9. Apodrosus epipolevatus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764584/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
)….….….……………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[862,1025,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epipolevatus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,879,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,1025,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">epipolevatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1032,1086,217,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
5'. Elytral striae IX and X fused along their second third; scale coverage of legs uniformly colored; dorsal outline in lateral view convex to strongly convex; integument surface slightly undulate; vestiture composed of dark brown, light brown to white, iridescent (reddish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, brown setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[292,352,390,416]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,154,1201,1223]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[234,975,146,1179]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764566/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
)……………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" authorityYear="1922" box="[866,1089,390,417]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wolcotti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,883,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[898,983,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">wolcotti</emphasis>
|
||
Marshall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" box="[147,1096,425,452]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">6(1'). Antennal scape not or merely reaching posterior margin of eyes…….….….7</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
6'. Antennal scape surpassing posterior margin of eyes; eyes strongly projected; vestiture composed of gray and light green, iridescent (greenish to reddish) scales; apex of aedeagus uniformly endophallus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[764,845,529,555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[121,154,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[234,976,146,1155]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[234,976,146,1155]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 10. Apodrosus eximius. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764588/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
)……
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[913,1027,529,555]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[913,930,529,555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1027,530,555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">eximius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1089,529,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">7(6). Eyes in dorsal view large and flattened; elytral striae IX and X completely separated along their entire length; vestiture composed of white, light brown or silvery scales…………………………………………………………….8</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">7'. Eyes in dorsal view mid-sized and produced; elytral striae IX and X fused along their second third; vestiture composed of brown, white or green scales……….….………………………………………………………….9</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
8(7). Nasal plate indistinct; body length 3–5 mm; in dorsal view 2-times its greatest width which is at midpoint of elytra, shape subrectangular; aedeagus without denticulate pads on endophallus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[643,732,841,867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="34.[121,154,1108,1130]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,146,1086]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[235,976,146,1086]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Fig. 11. Apodrosus argentatus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764590/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
)………….….…
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wolcott" authorityName="Wolcott" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,952,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[978,1089,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">argentatus</emphasis>
|
||
Wolcott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
8'. Nasal plate visible; body length 6 mm; in dorsal view, shield-shaped, 2.8x longer than its greatest width which is at anterior third of elytra; aedeagus with a pair of denticulate pads positioned apicad of midpoint of aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[231,309,1014,1040]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="39.[121,154,1583,1605]" captionTargetBox="[234,976,581,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[234,976,580,1560]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Fig. 12. Apodrosus mammuthus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764592/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
)…………………………………………….…
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[857,1025,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mammuthus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,874,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,1025,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">mammuthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1032,1086,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" box="[147,1088,1049,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">9(7'). Median furrow of head apically bifurcated……………………….………10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
9'. Median furrow of head reduced, linear; body length 2.5–3.5 mm; vestiture composed of green and pink (on legs), iridescent (reddish) scales, with straight, erect, yellowish setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[471,549,1153,1179]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[121,154,1159,1181]" captionTargetBox="[234,975,146,1137]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[234,975,146,1137]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 13. Apodrosus viridium. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764594" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764594/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
)…….…….…………………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[899,1028,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridium" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[899,1028,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A. viridium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1088,1153,1179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">10(9). Rostrum mesally constricted; interval X of elytra slightly produced along second fifth………………………………………………………………… 11</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
10'. Rostrum without a mesal constriction; interval X of elytra flat; eyes narrow in lateral view; vestiture uniformly composed of green and white (on legs) iridescent (reddish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, brown setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[998,1080,1326,1352]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="46.[121,154,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,621,1532]" captionTargetId="figure@46.[235,976,621,1532]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="Fig. 14. Apodrosus stenoculus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764596/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) …………………………………………….……….……
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[883,1022,1361,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoculus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[883,900,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1022,1361,1387]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">stenoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1029,1083,1361,1387]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">11(10). Legs coverage uniformly colored; cornu and ramus of spermatheca forming an acute angle of 40–60°…………………………………………………12</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
11'. Legs coverage not uniformly colored; vestiture composed of white and brown, iridescent (yellowish, reddish to greenish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, yellowish setae; cornu and ramus of spermatheca forming an angle of nearly 90° (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[277,354,1569,1596]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[121,154,1156,1178]" captionTargetBox="[235,975,146,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[235,976,146,1134]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 15. Apodrosus quisqueyanus.(A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764598/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
)………………………….……….………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[851,1026,1569,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quisqueyanus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,1026,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A. quisqueyanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1033,1087,1569,1595]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1096,147,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">
|
||
12(11). Vestiture composed of white and light brown, iridescent (yellowish to reddish) scales; spermatheca with a constriction between cornu and corpus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[228,305,1673,1700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[121,154,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[235,974,146,1069]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[235,974,146,1069]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 16. Apodrosus adustus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764600/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
)……………………………………………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[817,1027,1673,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="empherefasciatus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[817,1027,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="352">A. empherefasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1088,1673,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="352" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[165,1089,147,243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="353">
|
||
12'. Vestiture uniformly composed of brown, iridescent (reddish) scales and white scales on the ventral surface; spermatheca not constricted between cornu and corpus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[313,390,217,243]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="57.[121,154,1135,1157]" captionTargetBox="[234,974,146,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@57.[234,975,146,1112]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="Fig. 17. Apodrosus empherefasciatus. (A) habitus, dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, ventral view; (E) and (F) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (G) spermatheca. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764602" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764602/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="353">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
)………………………….….………………
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Girón & Franz, 2010" authorityName="Girón & Franz" authorityYear="2010" box="[916,1028,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apodrosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="353" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adustus" status="sp.n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1028,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="353">A. adustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1089,217,243]" pageId="14" pageNumber="353" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |