treatments-xml/data/41/26/36/41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359191" approvalRequired="75" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="72" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534080339" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="W. Christopher Wozencraft" docDate="1993" docId="41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Carnivora.279-348.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="281" masterDocId="BD1F4E51C329747CFFD6FC3FFFE0142F" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="280" updateTime="1669342317230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Order Carnivora</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>W. Christopher Wozencraft</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
<mods:place>
<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>279</mods:start>
<mods:end>348</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7359191</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7287981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7287981" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C328747EFEDFF663FAFD1211" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<subSubSection box="[265,1176,2652,2690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[265,1750,2652,2774]" box="[265,1176,2652,2690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3920331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3920331" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F15C6CE-6C7A-4AF8-AE71-087151318E0E" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[265,1165,2652,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A288CFA2509ED874FE6DF4519278C0B8" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="39" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus" title="Canis lupus" volume="1" year="1758">
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[265,726,2652,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis box="[265,455,2652,2690]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Canis lupus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" box="[750,1165,2652,2690]" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." pageId="1" pageNumber="280" pagination="39" title="Canis lupus" volume="1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:39</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[265,1750,2652,2774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
TYPE LOCALITY: 
<materialsCitation country="Sweden" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">
&quot;Europae sylvis, etjam frigidioribus&quot;, restricted by 
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, O." box="[1431,1703,2695,2734]" pageId="1" pageNumber="280" refId="ref353417" refString="Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158." year="1911">Thomas (1911a)</bibRefCitation>
to &quot; 
<collectingCountry box="[404,553,2736,2774]" name="Sweden" pageId="1" pageNumber="280">Sweden</collectingCountry>
&quot;
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[271,1848,305,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the N hemisphere: North America south to 
<geoCoordinate box="[1464,1550,305,343]" degrees="20" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" precision="55555" value="20.0">20°N</geoCoordinate>
in 
<collectingRegion box="[1608,1734,305,343]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry box="[371,500,347,386]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Mexico</collectingCountry>
); Europe; Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and 
<collectingCountry box="[1422,1524,347,386]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Japan</collectingCountry>
, excluding Indochina and S 
<collectingCountry box="[650,738,389,427]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">India</collectingCountry>
. Extirpated from most of the continental 
<collectingCountry box="[1459,1539,389,427]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">USA</collectingCountry>
, Europe, and SE 
<collectingCountry box="[357,456,431,469]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">China</collectingCountry>
and Indochina (
<bibRefCitation author="Ginsberg, J. R. &amp; D. W. Macdonald" box="[745,1288,431,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref121571" refString="Ginsberg, J. R., and D. W. Macdonald. 1990. Foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: An action plan for the conservation of canids. I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 116 pp." year="1990">Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="2.[271,1848,305,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Indian, 
<collectingCountry box="[893,1043,473,511]" name="Pakistan" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1063,1188,473,511]" name="Bhutan" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry box="[1284,1386,473,511]" name="Nepal" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Nepal</collectingCountry>
populations); otherwise Appendix II. 
<collectingCountry box="[589,657,515,553]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">U.S.</collectingCountry>
ESA - Endangered in the 
<collectingCountry box="[1106,1183,515,553]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">USA</collectingCountry>
(48 conterminous States, except 
<collectingRegion box="[358,536,557,593]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
) and 
<collectingCountry box="[639,766,557,593]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Mexico</collectingCountry>
; Threatened in 
<collectingRegion box="[1036,1214,557,593]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry box="[1242,1325,557,593]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">USA</collectingCountry>
). IUCN - Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph blockId="2.[271,1848,305,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
SYNONYMS: 
<emphasis box="[456,539,599,635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">albus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kerr, R." box="[554,731,599,635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref183257" refString="Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp." year="1792">Kerr, 1792</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[750,825,599,635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">alces</emphasis>
Goldman, 1941; 
<emphasis box="[1122,1247,599,635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">altaicus</emphasis>
Noak, 1911; 
<emphasis box="[1474,1558,599,635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">arabs</emphasis>
Pocock, 1934; 
<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1935" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1935" box="[357,690,639,678]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
<emphasis box="[357,452,639,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">arctos</emphasis>
Pocock, 1935
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[710,884,639,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">argunensis</emphasis>
Dybowski, 1922; 
<emphasis box="[1193,1255,639,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">ater</emphasis>
Richardson, 1839; 
<emphasis box="[1587,1693,639,678]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">baileyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson, E. W. &amp; E. A. Goldman" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref257483" refString="Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman. 1929. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Heterogeomys from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 42: 147 - 152." year="1929">
<collectingRegion box="[1708,1828,639,678]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">Nelson</collectingRegion>
and Goldman, 1929
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[718,893,682,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">banksianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" box="[906,1177,682,718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1198,1355,682,718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">beothucus</emphasis>
G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1937; 
<emphasis box="[460,595,724,762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">bernardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" box="[607,878,724,762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[898,1068,724,762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">campestris</emphasis>
Dwigubski, 1804; 
<taxonomicName authority="de Blainville, 1843" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis box="[1391,1564,724,762]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">canadensis</emphasis>
de Blainville, 1843
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[459,549,766,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">canus</emphasis>
de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; 
<emphasis box="[1057,1164,766,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">chanco</emphasis>
Gray, 1863; 
<emphasis box="[1381,1581,766,803]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">columbianus</emphasis>
Goldman, 1941; 
<taxonomicName authority="Dwigubski, 1804" authorityName="Dwigubski" authorityYear="1804" box="[458,921,808,846]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis box="[458,619,808,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">communis</emphasis>
Dwigubski, 1804
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[941,1080,808,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">coreanus</emphasis>
Abe, 1923; 
<taxonomicName authority="Halla, 1932" authorityName="Halla" authorityYear="1932" box="[1284,1653,808,846]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassodon">
<emphasis box="[1284,1439,808,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">crassodon</emphasis>
Halla, 1932
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1673,1847,808,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">cubanensis</emphasis>
Ognev, 1923; 
<emphasis box="[590,726,850,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">deitanus</emphasis>
Cabrera, 1907; 
<emphasis box="[1002,1181,850,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">desertorum</emphasis>
Bogdanov, 1992; 
<taxonomicName authority="Kerr, 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" box="[1488,1841,850,888]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dybowskii">
<emphasis box="[1488,1650,850,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">dybowskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kerr, R." box="[1663,1841,850,888]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref183257" refString="Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp." year="1792">Kerr, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[356,453,890,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">ekloni</emphasis>
Przewalski, 
<emphasis box="[679,765,890,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">1883;</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[772,1207,890,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="familiaris">
<emphasis box="[772,932,890,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">familiaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." box="[947,1207,890,929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1221,1363,890,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">filchneri</emphasis>
Matschie, 1908; 
<taxonomicName authority="Kerr, 1792" authorityName="Kerr" authorityYear="1792" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis box="[1650,1753,890,929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">flavus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kerr, R." box="[357,535,933,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref183257" refString="Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp." year="1792">Kerr, 1792</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="de Selys Longchamps, 1839" authorityName="de Selys Longchamps" authorityYear="1839" box="[549,1144,933,972]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">
<emphasis box="[549,655,933,972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">fulvus</emphasis>
de Sélys Longchamps, 1839
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Richardson, 1839" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1839" box="[1157,1556,933,972]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis box="[1157,1244,933,972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">fusca</emphasis>
Richardson, 1839
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1575,1660,933,972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">gigas</emphasis>
Townsend, 1850; 
<emphasis box="[654,835,975,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">griseoalbus</emphasis>
Baird, 1858; 
<emphasis box="[1065,1159,975,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">hattai</emphasis>
Kishida, 1931; 
<emphasis box="[1430,1607,975,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">hodophilax</emphasis>
Temminck, 1839; 
<emphasis box="[458,638,1016,1052]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">hudsonicus</emphasis>
Goldman, 1941; 
<emphasis box="[935,1088,1016,1052]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">irremotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1101,1365,1016,1052]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1386,1504,1016,1052]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">italicus</emphasis>
Altobello, 1921; 
<taxonomicName authority="Nehring, 1883" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1883" box="[353,769,1058,1097]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis box="[353,509,1058,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">japonicus</emphasis>
Nehring, 1883
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[788,1012,1058,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">kamtschaticus</emphasis>
Dybowski, 1922; 
<emphasis box="[1322,1524,1058,1097]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">karanorensis</emphasis>
Matschie, 1908; 
<emphasis box="[356,484,1100,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">knightii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. M." box="[496,769,1100,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8528" refString="Anderson, R. M. 1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, Biological Series, 102: 1 - 238." year="1947">Anderson, 1947</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[788,889,1100,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">kurjak</emphasis>
Bolkay, 1925; 
<taxonomicName authority="Goldman, 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" box="[1139,1599,1100,1139]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labradorius">
<emphasis box="[1139,1320,1100,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">labradorius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1334,1599,1100,1139]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1620,1734,1100,1139]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">laniger</emphasis>
Hodgson, 1847; 
<emphasis box="[637,730,1142,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">ligoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[742,1005,1142,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1026,1243,1142,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">lupus-griseus</emphasis>
Sabine, 1823; 
<emphasis box="[1494,1596,1142,1181]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">lycaon</emphasis>
Schreberrt, 1775; 
<emphasis box="[460,618,1184,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">mackenzii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" box="[629,900,1184,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Ogerien, 1863" authorityName="Ogerien" authorityYear="1863" box="[922,1266,1184,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis box="[922,1012,1184,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">major</emphasis>
Ogérien, 1863
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1287,1439,1184,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">manningi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Anderson, R. M. &amp; A. L. Rand" box="[1451,1724,1184,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref8557" refString="Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309." year="1943">Anderson, 1943</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Ogerien, 1863" authorityName="Ogerien" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis box="[1746,1840,1184,1223]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">minor</emphasis>
Ogérien, 1863
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[621,845,1227,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">mogollonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[858,1122,1227,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1142,1340,1227,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">monstrabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1354,1618,1227,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis box="[1640,1758,1227,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">nubilus</emphasis>
Say, 1823; 
<taxonomicName authority="Richardson, 1829" authorityName="Richardson" authorityYear="1829" box="[458,957,1268,1305]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis box="[458,646,1268,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">occidentalis</emphasis>
Richardson, 1829
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Wagner, 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" box="[977,1376,1268,1305]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis box="[977,1130,1268,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">orientalis</emphasis>
Wagner, 1841
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1397,1478,1268,1305]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">orion</emphasis>
Pocock, 1935; 
<emphasis box="[355,480,1310,1348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">pallipes</emphasis>
Sykes, 1831; 
<emphasis box="[714,907,1310,1348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">pambasileus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Elliot, D. G." box="[922,1115,1310,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref93464" refString="Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761." year="1905">Elliot, 1905</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1935" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1935" box="[1137,1424,1310,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
<emphasis box="[1137,1186,1310,1348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">rex</emphasis>
Pocock, 1935
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis box="[1444,1581,1310,1348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">signatus</emphasis>
Cabrera, 1907; 
<emphasis box="[356,443,1352,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">sticte</emphasis>
Richardson, 1839; 
<emphasis box="[774,952,1352,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">tschiliensis</emphasis>
Matschie, 1908; 
<emphasis box="[1247,1419,1352,1388]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">tundrarum</emphasis>
Miller, 1912; 
<emphasis box="[357,582,1392,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">turuchanensis</emphasis>
Ognev, 1923; 
<emphasis box="[829,1006,1392,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">ungavensis</emphasis>
Comeau, 1940; 
<taxonomicName authority="Say, 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[1287,1613,1392,1431]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis box="[1287,1439,1392,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">variabilis</emphasis>
Say, 1823
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Goldman, 1937" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis box="[1633,1746,1392,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">youngi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, E. A." box="[356,617,1435,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref122808" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45." year="1937">Goldman, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="281" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="2.[271,1848,305,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">
COMMENTS: Reviewed by Meeh (1974, Mammalian Species, 37). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1357,1559,1476,1515]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="familiaris">
<emphasis box="[1357,1559,1476,1515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">C. familiaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has page priority over C. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[638,724,1516,1557]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis box="[638,724,1516,1557]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." box="[783,1060,1516,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus (1758)</bibRefCitation>
, but both were published simultaneously, and C. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[479,567,1559,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Canis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="2" pageNumber="281" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lupus">
<emphasis box="[479,567,1559,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="281">lupus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been universally used for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>