147 lines
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147 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359191" approvalRequired="75" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="72" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534080339" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="W. Christopher Wozencraft" docDate="1993" docId="41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Carnivora.279-348.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Ailurus F. G. Cuvier 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="336" masterDocId="BD1F4E51C329747CFFD6FC3FFFE0142F" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1669342317230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>W. Christopher Wozencraft</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>279</mods:start>
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<mods:end>348</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7359191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7288813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7288813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3107446FF1CF4B9FC981620" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">
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<subSubSection pageId="57" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="57.[202,1861,2182,2804]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">
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<treatmentCitation author="F. G. Cuvier" authority="F. G. Cuvier, 1825" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" editor="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" issue="50" journal="Hist. Nat. Mammifeeres, pt. 3" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Ailurus" volume="5" year="1825">
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<taxonomicName authority="F. G. Cuvier, 1825" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[202,647,2182,2220]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[202,327,2182,2220]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">Ailurus</emphasis>
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F. G. Cuvier, 1825
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="F. G. Cuvier" editor="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier" issue="50" journal="Hist. Nat. Mammifeeres, pt. 3" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" pagination="3" title="Ailurus" volume="5" year="1825">
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<emphasis box="[672,705,2182,2220]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">In</emphasis>
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E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifèeres, pt. 3, 5(50), "Panda" 3
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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pp.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[287,1800,2265,2303]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="57.[202,1861,2182,2804]" box="[287,1800,2265,2303]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">
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TYPE SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName authority="F. G. Cuvier, 1825" authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[501,1073,2265,2303]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis box="[501,752,2265,2303]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">Ailurus fulgens</emphasis>
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F. G.
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<bibRefCitation author="Cuvier, F. G." box="[855,1073,2265,2303]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref72450" refString="Cuvier, F. G. 1825. Elephant d' Afrique. Pp. VI, in E. Geoffroy St. - Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Histoire Naturelle Mammiferes, 3 (52): 2." year="1825">Cuvier, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy (
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<bibRefCitation author="Melville, R. V. & J. D. D. Smith" box="[1348,1782,2265,2303]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref237125" refString="Melville, R. V., and J. D. D. Smith (eds.). 1987. Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 366 pp." year="1987">Melville and Smith, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="57.[202,1861,2182,2804]" lastBlockId="58.[359,1847,321,527]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">
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COMMENTS: Biochemical and molecular evidence has suggested that the enigmatic
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<taxonomicName authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[1696,1819,2307,2345]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1696,1819,2307,2345]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">Ailurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is intermediate between the procyonids and the ursids (
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<bibRefCitation author="O'Brien, S. J. & W. G. Nash & D. E. Wildt & M. E. Bush & R. E. Benveniste" box="[1297,1631,2349,2387]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref263548" refString="O'Brien, S. J., W. G. Nash, D. E. Wildt, M. E. Bush, and R. E. Benveniste. 1985. A molecular solution to the riddle of the gaint panda's phylogeny. Nature, 317: 140 - 144." year="1985">O'Brien et al., 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sarich, V. M." pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref317200" refString="Sarich, V. M. 1973. The giant panda is a bear. Nature, 245: 218 - 220." year="1973">Sarich, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tagle, D. A. & M. M. Miyamoto & M. Goodman & O. Hofmann & G. Graunitzer & R. Goltenboth & H. Jalanka" box="[473,766,2391,2429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref345948" refString="Tagle, D. A., M. M. Miyamoto, M. Goodman, O. Hofmann, G. Graunitzer, R. Goltenboth, and H. Jalanka. 1986. Hemoglobin of pandas: Phylogenetic relationships of carnivores as ascertained with protein sequence data. Naturwissenschaften, 73: 512 - 514." year="1986">Tagle et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Wayne, R. K. & R. E. Benveniste & S. J. O'Brien" box="[786,1102,2391,2429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref385122" refString="Wayne, R. K., R. E. Benveniste, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Phylogeny and evolution of the Carnivora and carnivore families, Pp. 465 - 494, in, Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 620 pp." year="1989">Wayne et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Wurster, D. H. & K. Benirschke" box="[1122,1642,2391,2429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref396006" refString="Wurster, D. H., and K. Benirschke. 1968. Comparative cytogenetic studies in the order Carnivora. Chromosoma, 24: 336 - 382." year="1968">Wurster and Benirschke, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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); more closely related to ursids than to procyonids (Todd and Pressmann, 1968; Zhang and Shi, 1991); or more closely related to the procyonids than to ursids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, D. P. & R. Giri & S. J. O'Brien" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref122531" refString="Goldman, D. P., R. Giri, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Evolution, 43 (2): 282 - 295." year="1989">Goldman et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). Morphological studies have pointed out the lack of any shared derived features with the procyonids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bugge, J." box="[895,1104,2557,2595]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref46080" refString="Bugge, J. 1978. The cephalic arterial system in carnivores, with special reference to the systematic classification. Acta Anatomica, 101 (1): 45 - 61." year="1978">Bugge, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Decker, D. M. & W. C. Wozencraft" box="[1124,1633,2557,2595]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref77281" refString="Decker, D. M., and W. C. Wozencraft. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of Recent procyonid genera. Journal of Mammalogy, 72 (1): 42 - 55." year="1991">Decker and Wozencraft, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ginsburg, L." pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref121621" refString="Ginsburg, L. 1982. Sur la position systematique du petit panda, Ailurus fulgens (Carnivora, Mammalia). Geobios, Memoire Special, 6: 259 - 277." year="1982">Ginsburg, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunt, R. M., Jr." box="[474,666,2599,2637]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref161417" refString="Hunt, R. M., Jr. 1974. The auditory bulla in Carnivora: An anatomical basis for reappraisal of carnivore evolution. Journal of Morphology, 143: 21 - 76." year="1974">Hunt, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, E." box="[689,877,2599,2637]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref232293" refString="Mayr, E. 1986. Uncertainty in science: Is the giant panda a bear or raccoon? Nature, 323: 769 - 771." year="1986">Mayr, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Kittler, N." box="[898,1263,2599,2637]" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref320863" refString="Schmidt-Kittler, N. 1981. Zur Stammesgeschichte der marderverwandten Raubtiergruppen (Musteloidea, Carnivora). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 74: 753 - 801." year="1981">Schmidt-Kittler, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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; Wozencraft, 1989«,
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<emphasis box="[1624,1664,2599,2637]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">b).</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Flynn, L. J. & N. A. Neff & R. H. Tedford" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" refId="ref105874" refString="Flynn, L. J., N. A. Neff, and R. H. Tedford. 1988. Phylogeny of the Carnivora, Pp. 73 - 115, in The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods (M. J. Benton, ed.). Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2 (Mammals): 1 - 329." year="1988">Flynn et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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could not find any unambiguous features to place
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<taxonomicName authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[1416,1540,2640,2679]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1416,1540,2640,2679]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">Ailurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the procyonids, and only two characters to unite
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<taxonomicName authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[1156,1279,2682,2720]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="57" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1156,1279,2682,2720]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="336">Ailurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with some procyonids, the loss of M/ 3 (shared also with mustelids) and the presence of a cusp on P4 on some, but not all procyonids. Wozencraft (1989«) found 9 shared derived features with the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1817" box="[359,497,321,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ursidae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Decker, D. M. & W. C. Wozencraft" box="[594,1113,321,360]" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref77281" refString="Decker, D. M., and W. C. Wozencraft. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of Recent procyonid genera. Journal of Mammalogy, 72 (1): 42 - 55." year="1991">Decker and Wozencraft (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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identified 6 unambiguous shared derived features of the procyonids, all of which are lacking in
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<emphasis box="[1300,1433,364,403]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="F. G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[1300,1428,364,403]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ailurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Only phenetic studies have indicated any kind of relationship to the procyonids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gregory, W. K." box="[1383,1624,406,444]" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref129499" refString="Gregory, W. K. 1936. On the phylogenetic relationships of the giant panda (Ailuropoda) to other carnivores. American Museum Novitates, 878: 1 - 29." year="1936">Gregory, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Thenius, E." pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref351117" refString="Thenius, E. 1979. Zur systematischen und phylogenetischen Stellung des Bambusbaren: Ailuropoda melanoleuca David (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44 (5): 286 - 305." year="1979">Thenius, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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) and only when compared to
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<emphasis box="[959,1099,448,487]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Storr" authorityYear="1780" box="[959,1092,448,487]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Procyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Procyon</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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a derived procyonid (
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<bibRefCitation author="Baskin, J. A." box="[1490,1709,448,487]" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref23087" refString="Baskin, J. A. 1982. Tertiary Procyoninae (Mammalia: Carnivora) of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2: 71 - 93." year="1982">Baskin, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Baskin, J. A." box="[1730,1810,448,487]" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref23154" refString="Baskin, J. A. 1989. Comments on New World Tertiary Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 9: 110 - 117." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Decker, D. M. & W. C. Wozencraft" box="[360,869,491,527]" pageId="58" pageNumber="337" refId="ref77281" refString="Decker, D. M., and W. C. Wozencraft. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of Recent procyonid genera. Journal of Mammalogy, 72 (1): 42 - 55." year="1991">Decker and Wozencraft, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |