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<document id="B31BBA45AC5503C2106DA129D2A43D94" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170109" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b30e136-a327-4637-872a-82693f2775e3" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170109" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459750175647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney &amp; Taylor, Steven J." docDate="2005" docId="03CD87D8FFAEB163D361FD86FDCE5056" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01056p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1056" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Halictophagidae Perkins 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFF4FFA0FFAFB162D269FFFBFFC85529" masterDocTitle="A new species of Halictophagus (Insecta: Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae) from Texas, and a checklist of Strepsiptera from the United States and Canada" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698211659908" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="85FBD1781649ADC6A76FDE1F4B8063E5">A new species of Halictophagus (Insecta: Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae) from Texas, and a checklist of Strepsiptera from the United States and Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FD67BFF0BFC6B2FFD1A5E35EA8A81E6">Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25D3FB121837AA44507D0FAEA7C1B2A1">Taylor, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B850F97427FDEC41B7BEB121959CC013">2005</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BDB36CEFFAEB163D361FD86FCC457BE" blockId="1.[264,780,637,663]" box="[264,780,637,663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D30EFD86FCC457BE" ID-CoL="8KTLW" authority="Perkins 1905: 98" authorityName="Perkins" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1905" box="[359,780,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Halictophagidae
<treatmentCitation id="0AC510DFFFAEB163D055FD86FCC457BE" author="Perkins" box="[572,780,637,663]" page="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D055FD86FD2A57BE" author="Perkins" box="[572,738,637,663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Perkins, R. C. L. (1905) Leafhoppers and their natural enemies (Pt. III. Stylopidae). Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Experimental Station, 1, 90 - 111." type="journal article" year="1905">Perkins 1905</bibRefCitation>
: 98
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB36CEFFAEB163D361FD46FADB5006" blockId="1.[264,1325,701,1407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
The family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D3FFFD46FD9E57FE" box="[406,598,701,727]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictophagidae</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D174FD46FC1857FE" author="Perkins" box="[797,976,701,727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Perkins, R. C. L. (1905) Leafhoppers and their natural enemies (Pt. III. Stylopidae). Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Experimental Station, 1, 90 - 111." type="journal article" year="1905">Perkins (1905)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D1B7FD46FBBA57FE" author="Yang" box="[990,1138,701,727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" refString="Yang, C-K. (1964) Notes on the new subfamily Tridactylophaginae (Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 13, 606 - 613." type="journal article" year="1964">Yang (1964)</bibRefCitation>
subdivided the family into two subfamilies:
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D009FD1EFCE857D6" box="[608,800,741,767]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halictophaginae">Halictophaginae</taxonomicName>
and Tridactylophaginae.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D626FD1EFAE357D6" author="Kinzelbach" box="[1103,1323,741,767]" pageId="1" pageNumber="17" refString="Kinzelbach, R. K. (1970) Loania canadensis n. gen. s. sp. und die Untergliederung der Callipharixenidae (Insecta: Strepsiptera). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 51, 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="1970">Kinzelbach (1970)</bibRefCitation>
erected a new subfamily Coriophaginae, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D175FCF6FBDE560E" author="Kathirithamby" box="[796,1046,781,807]" pageId="1" pageNumber="17" refString="Kathirithamby, J. (1989) Review of the order Strepsiptera. Systematic Entomology, 41, 42 - 91." type="journal article" year="1989">Kathirithamby (1989</bibRefCitation>
, 1992) added two more subfamilies, Dipterophaginae and Blattodeaphaginae. In 1985, Drew and Allwood erected a new family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D3CEFCA6FDA3565E" box="[423,619,861,887]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dipterophagidae</taxonomicName>
to incorporate the species
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D1CAFCA6FB44565F" box="[931,1164,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" genus="Dipterophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daci">
<emphasis id="B910EADCFFAEB163D1CAFCA6FB44565F" box="[931,1164,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Dipterophagus daci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F373765EFFAEB163D6BAFCA6FEED56B6" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Australia</collectingCountry>
which parasitizes fruit flies (
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D0E3FC7EFD2056B6" box="[650,744,901,927]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D09FFC7EFC4956B6" box="[758,897,901,927]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D1FEFC7EFB5256B6" author="Kathirithamby" box="[919,1178,901,927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="17" refString="Kathirithamby, J. (1989) Review of the order Strepsiptera. Systematic Entomology, 41, 42 - 91." type="journal article" year="1989">Kathirithamby (1989)</bibRefCitation>
argued that due to several synapormorphies shared with the family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D1C0FC56FBA156EE" box="[937,1129,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictophagidae</taxonomicName>
that
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D6C3FC56FE9C56C6" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dipterophagidae</taxonomicName>
is a subfamily within this family. However, Drew and Allwood in 1996 re­elevated
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D361FC06FE03513E" box="[264,459,1021,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dipterophagidae</taxonomicName>
to family level on the basis that the male has 6 antennal segments with flabella on the 3rd segment and the female with a bell­shaped cephalothorax. However, male
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D321FBB6FE6D514F" box="[328,421,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" genus="Dipterophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daci">
<emphasis id="B910EADCFFAEB163D321FBB6FE6D514F" box="[328,421,1101,1126]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D. Daci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have: 3­segmented tarsi which lack claws; short mandibles that do not overlap; short 2­segmented maxilla; peaked VIIIth abdominal sternite and a hooked aedeagus. Female
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D301FB66FE09519F" box="[360,449,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" genus="Dipterophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daci">
<emphasis id="B910EADCFFAEB163D301FB66FE09519F" box="[360,449,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D. daci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have: the head extended over the thorax and a large brood canal. These male and female characters are shared autopomorphic characters of the family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D6C2FB3EFE90502E" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictophagidae</taxonomicName>
. Therefore,
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D39AFB16FD98502F" box="[499,592,1261,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" genus="Dipterophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daci">
<emphasis id="B910EADCFFAEB163D39AFB16FD98502F" box="[499,592,1261,1286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">D. daci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the family
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D113FB16FBF6502E" box="[890,1086,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halictophagidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D626FB16FE9E5006" author="Drew" pageId="1" pageNumber="17" refString="Drew, R. A. I. &amp; Allwood, A. J. (1985) A new family of Strepsiptera parsitizing fruit flies (Tephritidae) in Australia. Systematic Entomology, 10, 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1985">Drew &amp; Allwood (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFF54B3FFFAEB163D3E6FAEEFD785006" author="Allwood" box="[399,688,1301,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" refString="Allwood, A. J. &amp; Drew, R. A. I. (1996) Seasonal abundance, distribution, hosts and taxonomic placement of Dipterophagus daci Drew &amp; Allwood (Strepsiptera: Dipterophagidae). Australian Entomologist, 23, 61 - 72." type="journal article" year="1996">Allwood &amp; Drew (1996)</bibRefCitation>
erection of this species to a new family is incorrect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E6545FFAEB163D351FAC6FDCE5056" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB36CEFFAEB163D351FAC6FDCE5056" blockId="1.[264,1325,701,1407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Only one subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D046FAC6FD3A507E" box="[559,754,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halictophaginae">Halictophaginae</taxonomicName>
, and one genus
<emphasis id="B910EADCFFAEB163D1DFFAC6FBA1507F" box="[950,1129,1341,1366]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C644D4DFFAEB163D1DFFAC6FBAD507F" box="[950,1125,1341,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Halictophagidae" genus="Halictophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strepsiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Halictophagus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
has been found
<collectingCountry id="F373765EFFAEB163D361FA9EFEA85056" box="[264,352,1381,1407]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F373765EFFAEB163D3ADFA9EFDCB5056" box="[452,515,1381,1407]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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