663 lines
91 KiB
XML
663 lines
91 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E07F9CF03E75F7DB470133BFC5F772F9">Review of the Indian Ocean spikefish genus Mephisto (Tetraodontiformes Triacanthodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="480EECD55DF89353842D622BE2DDE39B">Bemis, Katherine E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A60DC331CEB46DD4AEDDC17F066089D">NOAA National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560, U. S. A. & Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="989D1E8EA4A3B0DF2B1E76DF774142A2">Tyler, James C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4045FCE8837AD2B09484EFFB89E412A">Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20560, U. S. A. tylerj @ si. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3202 - 080 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B04CB15C28A6E527A9C7E606796D4E8">Psomadakis, Peter N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EFDE9F1563A8C5589DB83AE436828D8">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A53C7C531250E118D74B76A545ED6AD7">Ferris, Lauren Newell</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="370361F2D84B144BC7D2D691460AD386">Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F2C40075A7B1AFDFD7C980D55AF060ED">Kumar, Appukuttannair Biju</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8A0402B9D77268BC5922AA8B561E1DF5">Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2303356C7866656437A915941347F776">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="792FB606A0C8F96AC14F4A2246FC7755">
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<mods:date id="909971EC37ABABAD5676E8D6BA7A04D6">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="87E10E45345E734087BDAE58CF1DB8C7">2020-06-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3DF8187FB9EC5DD6E8B327FB97C36038">4802</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328288" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167187013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328288" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
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<subSection id="B9634EE24259FFF9C4E7F9DAFDD1F99B" box="[151,580,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="multiple">
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<heading id="8B1BE0654259FFF9C4E7F9DAFDD1F99B" box="[151,580,1555,1581]" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4259FFF9C4E7F9DAFDD1F99B" ID-CoL="3ZT2Y" authority="Tyler 1966" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,580,1555,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
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<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C4E7F9DAFE2CF99B" box="[151,441,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C5B0F9DAFDD1F99B" bold="true" box="[448,580,1555,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Tyler 1966</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D05357094259FFF9C4E7F992FEFDF9C3" blockId="8.[151,360,1627,1653]" box="[151,360,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
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<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C4E7F992FEFDF9C3" bold="true" box="[151,360,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Devil’s Spikefish</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="98F604824259FFF8C4E7F957FD66FE42" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D05357094259FFF8C4E7F957FD86FE1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,1693,2045]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,154,929]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4259FFF9C4E7F957FDEEF90E" authority="Tyler 1966 a: 1 - 5" authorityName="Tyler" authorityPageNumber="1 - 5" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,635,1693,1720]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
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<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C4E7F957FE3BF90E" box="[151,430,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="60845D544259FFF9C5C7F957FDEEF90E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2845655302" box="[439,635,1693,1720]" collectingDate="1963-03-24" collectorName="V Anton Bruun & Station & A. Fraser-Brunner & Error Seamount & Arabian Sea & Andaman Sea" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Islands" elevation="290" latitude="10.65" location="eastern Bay of Bengal" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="97.1" municipality="Indian Ocean" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C5C7F957FDEEF90E" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[439,635,1693,1720]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref10430" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1966 a) A new genus and species of triacanthodid fish (Plectognathi) from the Indian Ocean. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Notulae Naturae, 385, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1966">Tyler 1966a: 1–5</bibRefCitation>
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(original description; based upon a single specimen,
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: ANSP 103314, type locality:
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<location id="D53301D24259FFF9C5FDF90BFD14F96A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F:D53301D24259FFF9C5FDF90BFD14F96A" box="[397,641,1730,1756]" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Islands" latitude="10.65" longLatPrecision="1297" longitude="97.1" municipality="Indian Ocean" name="eastern Bay of Bengal" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">eastern Bay of Bengal</location>
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,
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, off southern
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<collectingCountry id="A8FB17994259FFF9C7CAF90BFBBCF96A" box="[954,1065,1730,1756]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="3037CD734259FFF9C041F90BFB5DF96A" box="[1073,1224,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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,
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, R/
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V
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<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C4BDF92FFEF5F949" box="[205,352,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Anton Bruun</emphasis>
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</collectorName>
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,
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22B, 159 fathoms (=
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<elevation id="5BC1B03A4259FFF9C6C3F92FFD68F8B6" box="[691,765,1766,1792]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
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),
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<date id="A45271C94259FFF9C762F92FFC54F949" box="[786,961,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="1963-03-24">
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<collectingDate id="B41688214259FFF9C762F92FFC54F949" box="[786,961,1765,1792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="1963-03-24">24 March 1963</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; etymology: species named in honor of
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<collectorName id="7D1932DF4259FFF9C1F1F92FFED4F892" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">A. Fraser-Brunner</collectorName>
|
||
for his pioneering revisions of many families of plectognaths).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C06FF8C3FB5BF892" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[1055,1230,1801,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref10472" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1966 b) Bathyphylax omen, a new species of triacanthodid plectognath fish from the Indian Ocean. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Notulae Naturae, 395, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1966">Tyler, 1966b: 4</bibRefCitation>
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(considered to be a generalized triacanthodid).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C593F8E7FD42F8FE" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[483,727,1837,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref10513" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1968) A monograph on plectognath fishes of the Superfamily Triacanthoidea. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 16, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler, 1968: 133–138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(description, proposed relationships, illustration of pelvis and scales, photograph of BAH IOES-201 (= ZMH 5629)).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C773F89BFC16F8DA" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[771,899,1874,1900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 422" refId="ref10546" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1980) Osteology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the fishes of the Order Plectognathi (Tetraodontiformes). NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular, 434, 1 - 422. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63022" type="journal article" year="1980">Tyler, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(summary of proposed relationships as given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C4E7F8BFFEA4F826" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[151,305,1909,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref10513" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1968) A monograph on plectognath fishes of the Superfamily Triacanthoidea. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 16, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler (1968))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C54CF8BFFD0CF826" author="Shcherbachev, Y. N. & Parin, N. V. & Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S." box="[316,665,1909,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref10269" refString="Shcherbachev, Y. N., Parin, N. V., Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S. (1986) Mesobenthic and mesobenthopelagic fishes from submarine rises in the western Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 121, 195 - 214. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Shcherbachev
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C591F8BFFD8FF826" box="[481,538,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 1986: 208
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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(description of
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<collectionCode id="B6FDCFCC4259FFF9C73DF8BFFC0BF826" box="[845,926,1910,1936]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
350153; specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4259FFF9C17CF8BFFAE1F826" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[1292,1396,1910,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C17CF8BFFAE1F826" box="[1292,1396,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. because scales have several spinules that are bifurcate).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C764F853FC5BF802" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[788,974,1945,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="887 - 890" refId="ref10600" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1986) Family No. 265: Triacanthodidae, Spikefishes, Spykervisse. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Macmilliam, pp. 887 - 890." type="book chapter" year="1986">Tyler, 1986: 887</bibRefCitation>
|
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(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4259FFF9C790F853FBDDF802" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[992,1096,1946,1972]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C790F853FBDDF802" box="[992,1096,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in key).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C168F853FEA6F86E" author="Gorelova, T. A. & Borodulina, O. D. & Vereshchaka, A. L. & Shcherbachev, Y. N." pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="217 - 230" refId="ref9693" refString="Gorelova, T. A., Borodulina, O. D., Vereshchaka, A. L. & Shcherbachev, Y. N. (1993) Data on feeding of some mesobenthic and bathybenthic fishes in the Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii, 128, 217 - 230. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Gorelova
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4259FFF9C1F8F853FF21F86E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1993: 225
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(mesobenthic species, captured on
|
||
<collectorName id="7D1932DF4259FFF9C6B0F877FCE3F86E" box="[704,886,1982,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Error Seamount</collectorName>
|
||
; stomach contents of
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC4259FFF9C018F874FB50F86E" box="[1128,1221,1981,2008]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL specimen (now
|
||
<collectionCode id="B6FDCFCC4259FFF9C4E7F82BFF7DF84A" box="[151,232,2018,2044]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
350153) contained chitin fragments and peropods of a gammarid).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84259FFF9C786F82BFAC0F84A" author="Manilo, I. G. & Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[1014,1365,2018,2044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="149" refId="ref9862" refString="Manilo, I. G. & Bogorodsky, S. V. (2003) Taxonomic composition, diversity and distribution of coastal fishes of the Arabian Sea. Journal of Ichthyology, 43, S 75 - S 149." type="journal article" year="2003">Manilo and Bogorodsky, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: S123 (listed only).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C540FF52FD9BFF04" author="Matsuura, K." box="[304,526,154,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="72 - 113" refId="ref9904" refString="Matsuura, K. (2015) Taxonomy and systematics of tetraodontiform fishes: A review focusing primarily on progress in the period from 1980 to 2014. Ichthyological Research, 62, 72 - 113. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 014 - 0444 - 5" type="journal article" year="2015">Matsuura, 2015: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 76 (range includes
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FB17994258FFF8C686FF53FCC1FF04" box="[758,852,154,178]" name="Somalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="7D1932DF4258FFF8C72FFF53FC79FF05" box="[863,1004,154,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Arabian Sea</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="7D1932DF4258FFF8C058FF53FB5CFF05" box="[1064,1225,154,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Andaman Sea</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C0AEFF53FEB7FF60" author="Mullasseri, S. & Korath, A. & Vidyan, V. & Fricke, R. & Suresh, A. & Chanran, H." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="76 - 81" refId="ref10023" refString="Mullasseri, S., Korath, A., Vidyan, V., Fricke, R., Suresh, A. & Chanran, H. (2017) First record of Paratriacanthodes retrospinis Fowler, 1934 (Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae) from the Andaman Islands, northeastern Indian Ocean. FishTaxa, 2 (2), 76 - 81." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mullasseri
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C12CFF52FA03FF05" box="[1372,1430,155,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 76–81
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(comparison of seven specimens from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="39322F854258FFF8C6A3FF77FC01FF60" box="[723,916,190,214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Andaman Islands</collectingCounty>
|
||
of putative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C068FF77FAF1FF60" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1048,1380,190,214]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Paratriacanthodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrospinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C068FF77FAF1FF60" box="[1048,1380,190,214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Paratriacanthodes retrospinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C57BFF2BFE0DFF4C" author="Tyler, J. C." box="[267,408,226,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 364" refId="ref10513" refString="Tyler, J. C. (1968) A monograph on plectognath fishes of the Superfamily Triacanthoidea. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monograph 16, 1 - 364." type="journal article" year="1968">Tyler (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<collectedFrom id="63F014F44258FFF8C5D0FF2BFD04FF4C" box="[416,657,226,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C5B4FF2AFD04FF4C" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[452,657,226,250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C5B4FF2AFD04FF4C" box="[452,657,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectedFrom>
|
||
, but critical diagnostic measurements, such as length of gill opening, not provided, and the single specimen illustrated (figs. 2, 3, both in color; fresh and after preservation of the same specimen) of putative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C5E2FEE3FDB1FEF7" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[402,548,298,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Paratriacanthodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrospinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C5E2FEE3FDB1FEF7" box="[402,548,298,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">P. retrospinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the typical blotchy color pattern and long gill opening that is diagnostic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C4E7FE87FEF4FED3" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,353,333,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4E7FE87FEF4FED3" box="[151,353,333,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than the horizontally lined pattern and shorter gill opening typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C0B0FE87FAC6FED3" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[1216,1363,334,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Paratriacanthodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="retrospinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C0B0FE87FAC6FED3" box="[1216,1363,334,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">P. retrospinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; these specimens require re-examination for proper identification).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C747FEB8FBE2FE3F" author="Matsuura, K. & Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T." box="[823,1143,369,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref9958" refString="Matsuura, K., Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T. (2018) Mephisto albomaculosus, a new spikefish (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae) collected off Myanmar, Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 66, 30 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 018 - 0642 - 7" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Matsuura
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C7D6FEBBFC4BFE3F" box="[934,990,369,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018: 30–33
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C15CFEBBFF6DFE1B" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C15CFEBBFF6DFE1B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C547FE5CFD97FE1B" authorityName="Matsuura, Psomadakis, and Mya Than Tun" authorityYear="2018" box="[311,514,405,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C547FE5CFD97FE1B" box="[311,514,405,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. albomaculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4B7FE71FD66FE42" blockId="9.[151,1437,154,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7FE71FEA4FE66" bold="true" box="[199,305,440,464]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0F57E9AB4258FFF8C586FE71FDC2FE66" box="[502,599,440,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
ANSP 103314, seven additional specimens, and two separate photographic records of individuals that were not retained (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C6FFFE15FD77FE42" box="[655,738,476,500]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1552,1576]" captionText="TABLE 1. Size, locality, and depth of collection for specimens and photographs of Mephisto spp." pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98F604824258FFF8C4B7FDC9FD1DFD35" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4B7FDC9FD1DFD35" blockId="9.[151,1437,154,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7FDC9FED5FDAE" bold="true" box="[199,320,512,536]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C5AFFDC9FDD3FDAE" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[479,582,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C5AFFDC9FDD3FDAE" box="[479,582,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with red to pink coloration and lighter, almost white, areas and darker red blotches; the ventral part of the head and body beginning under the eye is light in coloration, but no white, rounded markings are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C5E0FD8EFE5BFDE9" box="[400,462,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[177,1414,306,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[158,1430,306,1740]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Color photographs of Mephisto. See Table 1 for collection localities. A. Mephisto fraserbrunneri, University of Kerala DABFUK/FI/301, 64.5 mm SL. Photograph by A. Biju Kumar. B. Mephisto fraserbrunneri, University of Kerala DAB- FUK/FI/303, 64.2 mm SL. Photograph by A. Biju Kumar. C. Mephisto cf. fraserbrunneri, specimen not retained, est. 54 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim. D. Mephisto cf. fraserbrunneri, specimen not retained, est. 89 mm SL. Photograph by Tom Williams. E. Mephisto albomaculosus, holotype, NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim, from Matsuura et al. (2018), photograph reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. F. Mephisto cf. albomaculosus, specimen not retained, est. 94 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim, from Matsuura et al. (2018), photograph reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991951/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Pelvic width 10.6–12.1% SL; pelvic width into pelvic length 2.6–3.2 times; gill rakers 16–19; pseudobranch lamellae 17–20.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98F604824258FFFDC4B7FD46FD18FE3F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4B7FD46FDE5FD7C" blockId="9.[151,1437,154,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7FD46FEC7FD11" bold="true" box="[199,338,655,679]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Data on meristics (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C659FD46FDEAFD11" box="[553,639,655,679]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,574,598]" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic data from eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study." pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), proportional measurements (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C7A0FD46FBB0FD11" box="[976,1061,655,679]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,906,930]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric data from eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study. Asterisk indicates data taken from Sheherbachev et al. (1986)." pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), and additional characters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C12DFD46FF33FD7D" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,486,512]" captionTargetBox="[162,2017,556,1713]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Qualitative characters for the eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study. Asterisk indicates data taken from Shcherbachev et al. (1986)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
) are summarized for all eight specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4B7FD1FFA9DFC17" blockId="9.[151,1437,154,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7FD1FFDF5FD58" box="[199,608,726,750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7FD1FFEDCFD58" bold="true" box="[199,329,726,750]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C53FFD1FFDF5FD58" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[335,608,726,750]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is red to pink with lighter, almost white, areas and darker red blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C11FFD1FFF35FCA4" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1768,1793]" captionTargetBox="[177,1414,306,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[158,1430,306,1740]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Color photographs of Mephisto. See Table 1 for collection localities. A. Mephisto fraserbrunneri, University of Kerala DABFUK/FI/301, 64.5 mm SL. Photograph by A. Biju Kumar. B. Mephisto fraserbrunneri, University of Kerala DAB- FUK/FI/303, 64.2 mm SL. Photograph by A. Biju Kumar. C. Mephisto cf. fraserbrunneri, specimen not retained, est. 54 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim. D. Mephisto cf. fraserbrunneri, specimen not retained, est. 89 mm SL. Photograph by Tom Williams. E. Mephisto albomaculosus, holotype, NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim, from Matsuura et al. (2018), photograph reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. F. Mephisto cf. albomaculosus, specimen not retained, est. 94 mm SL. Photograph by Oddgeir Alvheim, from Matsuura et al. (2018), photograph reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991951/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). The darkest red regions are below the spinous dorsal fin, below the posterior part of the soft dorsal fin, and above the pectoral fin from behind the eye. The ventral part of the head, beginning under the eye, is light in coloration. The spinous dorsal fin is predominantly dark red, whereas the soft dorsal and anal fins are white proximal to the body and darker distally. In alcohol, the blotchy pattern remains, and the darkest red areas in life are brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C11FFCACFF28FC17" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1450,1475]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,952,1425]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1437,951,1425]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Mephisto fraserbrunneri, University of Kerala DABFUK/FI/301, 64.5 mm SL. A. Specimen in alcohol. White arrows indicate the length of the gill opening, which is the diagnostic character for Mephisto. B. Radiograph of same specimen. Images by Sandra Raredon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991957/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The peritoneum and branchial cavity are tan to blackish and speckled with darker spots (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C0D4FC40FB6EFC17" box="[1188,1275,905,929]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,486,512]" captionTargetBox="[162,2017,556,1713]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Qualitative characters for the eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study. Asterisk indicates data taken from Shcherbachev et al. (1986)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="849307814258FFF8C4E7FA63FE25F9BD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3991957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991957/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" startId="9.[151,250,1450,1475]" targetBox="[152,1437,952,1425]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4E7FA63FE25F9BD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1450,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4E7FA63FE80FA75" bold="true" box="[151,277,1450,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C56EFA63FD8FFA74" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[286,538,1450,1474]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C56EFA63FD8FFA74" box="[286,538,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, University of Kerala DABFUK/FI/301, 64.5 mm SL.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C02BFA63FBE6FA75" bold="true" box="[1115,1139,1450,1475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen in alcohol. White arrows indicate the length of the gill opening, which is the diagnostic character for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C7ADFA07FBAEFA50" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[989,1083,1486,1510]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C7ADFA07FBAEFA50" box="[989,1083,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C038FA06FBCAFA51" bold="true" box="[1096,1119,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiograph of same specimen. Images by Sandra Raredon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D05357094258FFF8C4B7F9FCFEB3F84C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1589,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4B7F9FCFD14F9FA" bold="true" box="[199,641,1589,1613]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" reason="1">Description of scales during ontogeny.</emphasis>
|
||
The scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C755F9FCFBA2F9FB" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[805,1079,1589,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C755F9FCFBA2F9FB" box="[805,1079,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
begin with a single spinule and increase in number of spinules during their ontogeny; the branching of spinules also increases with specimen length.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C4E7F9B4FE1EF923" author="Matsuura, K. & Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T." box="[151,395,1660,1685]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref9958" refString="Matsuura, K., Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T. (2018) Mephisto albomaculosus, a new spikefish (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae) collected off Myanmar, Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 66, 30 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 018 - 0642 - 7" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Matsuura
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C577F9B4FEAAF922" box="[263,319,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 2) described the scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C6ADF9B4FC3DF922" authorityName="Matsuura, Psomadakis, and Mya Than Tun" authorityYear="2018" box="[733,936,1660,1684]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C6ADF9B4FC3DF922" box="[733,936,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. albomaculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as differing from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C0A4F9B4FA09F922" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[1236,1436,1660,1684]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C0A4F9B4FA09F922" box="[1236,1436,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C5F1F968FDDEF90E" authorityName="Matsuura, Psomadakis, and Mya Than Tun" authorityYear="2018" box="[385,587,1696,1720]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C5F1F968FDDEF90E" box="[385,587,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. albomaculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a bifurcate spinule at the base of the central spinule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C0B6F969FA8BF90E" box="[1222,1310,1696,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,183,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mid-body scales of Mephisto. Anterior to left. A–C Mephisto fraserbrunneri, USNM 350153, 105.8 mm SL. A. Patch of scales. White arrows indicate tips of bifurcate spinules at base of central spinules; black arrows indicate tips of central spinules. B. Single scale showing five spinules, including a central spinule with a bifurcate spinule at its base and both branched and unbranched dorsal and ventral spinules. White arrows indicate tips of single or bifurcate spinules; black arrow indicates central spinule tip. C. Illustration of single scale from M. fraserbrunneri to show relative length of spinules when viewed obliquely and for comparison with images B and D. D. Illustration of a single scale of M. albomaculosus, NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Illustration from Matsuura et al. (2018), reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. Note, scale has been reflected so image faces left. In large specimens of both M. fraserbrunneri and M. albomaculosus the central spinule has a bifurcate branch. Apparent differences in shape of scale plates in parts C and D is because the regions of overlap are not shown in part D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the new specimens reported herein increase the size range known for
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C7EDF90CFBF8F96A" box="[925,1133,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C7EDF90CFBFDF96A" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[925,1128,1732,1756]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">M. fraserbrunneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and we now have more information on how the number of spinules and their branches change throughout ontogeny (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B24258FFF8C0F0F921FB42F8B6" box="[1152,1239,1768,1792]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,486,512]" captionTargetBox="[162,2017,556,1713]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Qualitative characters for the eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study. Asterisk indicates data taken from Shcherbachev et al. (1986)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" tableUuid="84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). We confirm that large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C4A5F8C5FE09F895" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[213,412,1803,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C4A5F8C5FE09F895" box="[213,412,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DABFUK/FI/
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC4258FFF8C63AF8C2FD7BF895" box="[586,750,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.021027" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="302102.7">302, 102.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL and USNM 350153
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC4258FFF8C78AF8C2FBFFF895" box="[1018,1130,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.058" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="105.8">105.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) have up to six spinules per scale, with 1–3 branched spinules and the central and largest spinule having a bifurcate spinule at the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C11FF8E6FF32F8DD" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,183,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mid-body scales of Mephisto. Anterior to left. A–C Mephisto fraserbrunneri, USNM 350153, 105.8 mm SL. A. Patch of scales. White arrows indicate tips of bifurcate spinules at base of central spinules; black arrows indicate tips of central spinules. B. Single scale showing five spinules, including a central spinule with a bifurcate spinule at its base and both branched and unbranched dorsal and ventral spinules. White arrows indicate tips of single or bifurcate spinules; black arrow indicates central spinule tip. C. Illustration of single scale from M. fraserbrunneri to show relative length of spinules when viewed obliquely and for comparison with images B and D. D. Illustration of a single scale of M. albomaculosus, NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Illustration from Matsuura et al. (2018), reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. Note, scale has been reflected so image faces left. In large specimens of both M. fraserbrunneri and M. albomaculosus the central spinule has a bifurcate branch. Apparent differences in shape of scale plates in parts C and D is because the regions of overlap are not shown in part D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, having a bifurcate spine on the central spinule is not diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C784F89AFBCEF8DD" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[1012,1115,1875,1899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C784F89AFBCEF8DD" box="[1012,1115,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF84258FFF8C0B1F89AFF74F838" author="Shcherbachev, Y. N. & Parin, N. V. & Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S." pageId="9" pageNumber="91" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref10269" refString="Shcherbachev, Y. N., Parin, N. V., Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S. (1986) Mesobenthic and mesobenthopelagic fishes from submarine rises in the western Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 121, 195 - 214. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Shcherbachev
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C114F89DFA08F8DD" box="[1380,1437,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
identified USNM 350153 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C65BF8BEFD07F839" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[555,658,1911,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C65BF8BEFD07F839" box="[555,658,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. because at the time it was collected and examined only two small specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A4258FFF8C541F853FDD7F804" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[305,578,1946,1970]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B4258FFF8C541F853FDD7F804" box="[305,578,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were known, and each had scales with a single, unbranched spinule; we recognize the multiple spinule pattern present in the largest specimens as representing an advanced stage of ontogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C4258FFF8C4EFF82BFF75F84C" box="[159,224,2018,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1556,1581]" captionTargetBox="[152,1427,183,1516]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[152,1435,181,1531]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mid-body scales of Mephisto. Anterior to left. A–C Mephisto fraserbrunneri, USNM 350153, 105.8 mm SL. A. Patch of scales. White arrows indicate tips of bifurcate spinules at base of central spinules; black arrows indicate tips of central spinules. B. Single scale showing five spinules, including a central spinule with a bifurcate spinule at its base and both branched and unbranched dorsal and ventral spinules. White arrows indicate tips of single or bifurcate spinules; black arrow indicates central spinule tip. C. Illustration of single scale from M. fraserbrunneri to show relative length of spinules when viewed obliquely and for comparison with images B and D. D. Illustration of a single scale of M. albomaculosus, NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Illustration from Matsuura et al. (2018), reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. Note, scale has been reflected so image faces left. In large specimens of both M. fraserbrunneri and M. albomaculosus the central spinule has a bifurcate branch. Apparent differences in shape of scale plates in parts C and D is because the regions of overlap are not shown in part D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991959/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" ID-Table-UUID="84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/84930781425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" startId="10.[151,239,486,512]" targetBox="[162,2017,556,1713]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFA28FDAB" blockId="10.[151,2027,486,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC4E7FE2FFE9FFDB6" bold="true" box="[151,266,486,512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Qualitative characters for the eight examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425BFFFBC7FBFE2FFB04FDB6" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[907,1169,486,512]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study. Asterisk indicates data taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF8425BFFFBC0E8FDCAFA2CFDAB" author="Shcherbachev, Y. N. & Parin, N. V. & Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S." box="[1176,1465,515,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="195 - 214" refId="ref10269" refString="Shcherbachev, Y. N., Parin, N. V., Pakhorukov, N. P. & Piotrovsky, A. S. (1986) Mesobenthic and mesobenthopelagic fishes from submarine rises in the western Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 121, 195 - 214. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1986">Shcherbachev et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425BFFFBC4D2FDE5F802F907" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<table id="A2ECA5A9425B000EC4D2FDE5F874F907" box="[162,2017,556,1713]" gridcols="9" gridrows="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FDE5F874FDD4" box="[162,2017,556,610]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FDE5FEE2FDD4" box="[162,375,556,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC4D2FDE5FE84FDF3" bold="true" box="[162,273,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Character</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFDE5FDAEFDD4" box="[398,571,556,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC5DCFDE5FD9DFDD4" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">DABFUK/ FI/304</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FDE5FD65FDD4" box="[595,752,556,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC62AFDE5FD40FDD4" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">ANSP 103314 Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFDE5FC59FDD4" box="[779,972,556,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC763FDE5FC59FDF3" bold="true" box="[787,972,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">DABFUK/FI/303</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFDE5FB3FFDD4" box="[1002,1194,556,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC782FDE5FB3FFDF3" bold="true" box="[1010,1194,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">DABFUK/FI/301</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFDE5FAFFFDD4" box="[1226,1386,556,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC0AFFDE5FAC0FDF3" bold="true" box="[1247,1365,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">ZMH 5629</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FDE5F9BEFDD4" box="[1410,1579,556,610]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC1FAFDE5F9B2FDF3" bold="true" box="[1418,1575,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">USNM 306629</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FDE5F88FFDD4" box="[1607,1818,556,610]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC225FDE5F89BFDF3" bold="true" box="[1621,1806,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">DABFUK/FI/302</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FDE5F874FDD4" box="[1843,2017,556,610]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425BFFFBC34CFDE5F84CFDF3" bold="true" box="[1852,2009,556,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">USNM 350153</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FD58F874FD7E" box="[162,2017,657,712]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FD58FEE2FD7E" box="[162,375,657,712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Standard Length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFD58FDAEFD7E" box="[398,571,657,712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">48.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FD58FD65FD7E" box="[595,752,657,712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">52.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFD58FC59FD7E" box="[779,972,657,712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">64.2</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFD58FB3FFD7E" box="[1002,1194,657,712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">64.5</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFD58FAFFFD7E" box="[1226,1386,657,712]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">66.0</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FD58F9BEFD7E" box="[1410,1579,657,712]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">68.8</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FD58F88FFD7E" box="[1607,1818,657,712]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">102.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FD58F874FD7E" box="[1843,2017,657,712]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">105.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FD3FF874FC09" box="[162,2017,758,959]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FD3FFEE2FC09" box="[162,375,758,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Number of upright spinules on scales</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFD3FFDAEFC09" box="[398,571,758,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">1 central, unbranched spinule; no bifurcate spinule at base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FD3FFD65FC09" box="[595,752,758,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">1 central, unbranched spinule; no bifurcate spinule at base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFD3FFC59FC09" box="[779,972,758,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">3 spinules; central spinule frequently with one branch; dorsal and ventral spinules unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFD3FFB3FFC09" box="[1002,1194,758,959]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">3 spinules; central spinule frequently with one branch; dorsal and ventral spinules unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFD3FFAFFFC09" box="[1226,1386,758,959]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">3 spinules; central, dorsal, and ventral spinules all unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FD3FF9BEFC09" box="[1410,1579,758,959]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">3 or 4 spinules; central, dorsal, and ventral spinules all unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FD3FF88FFC09" box="[1607,1818,758,959]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">4–6 spinules; central spinule with birfucate spine at base; branching in 1 or 2 of dorsal and ventral spinules</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FD3FF874FC09" box="[1843,2017,758,959]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">4 or 5 spinules; central spinule with birfucate spine at base; branching in 1 or 2 of dorsal and ventral spinules</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FBC6F874FB36" box="[162,2017,1039,1152]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FBC6FEE2FB36" box="[162,375,1039,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Gill opening extension</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFBC6FDAEFB36" box="[398,571,1039,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Well below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FBC6FD65FB36" box="[595,752,1039,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Slightly below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFBC6FC59FB36" box="[779,972,1039,1152]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Well below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFBC6FB3FFB36" box="[1002,1194,1039,1152]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Slightly below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFBC6FAFFFB36" box="[1226,1386,1039,1152]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Slightly below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FBC6F9BEFB36" box="[1410,1579,1039,1152]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Slightly below pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FBC6F88FFB36" box="[1607,1818,1039,1152]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Well below pectoral- fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FBC6F874FB36" box="[1843,2017,1039,1152]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Level of lower margin of pectoral-fin base*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FB75F874FAA6" box="[162,2017,1212,1296]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FB75FEE2FAA6" box="[162,375,1212,1296]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Pseudobranch extension</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFB75FDAEFAA6" box="[398,571,1212,1296]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">—</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FB75FD65FAA6" box="[595,752,1212,1296]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFB75FC59FAA6" box="[779,972,1212,1296]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">—</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFB75FB3FFAA6" box="[1002,1194,1212,1296]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFB75FAFFFAA6" box="[1226,1386,1212,1296]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FB75F9BEFAA6" box="[1410,1579,1212,1296]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FB75F88FFAA6" box="[1607,1818,1212,1296]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FB75F874FAA6" box="[1843,2017,1212,1296]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Above upper origin of pectoral-fin base</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FA8DF874FA00" box="[162,2017,1348,1462]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FA8DFEE2FA00" box="[162,375,1348,1462]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Retrose barbs</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFA8DFDAEFA00" box="[398,571,1348,1462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FA8DFD65FA00" box="[595,752,1348,1462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFA8DFC59FA00" box="[779,972,1348,1462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFA8DFB3FFA00" box="[1002,1194,1348,1462]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFA8DFAFFFA00" box="[1226,1386,1348,1462]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FA8DF9BEFA00" box="[1410,1579,1348,1462]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and a few on pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FA8DF88FFA00" box="[1607,1818,1348,1462]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Present on 1st dorsal and pelvic spine</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FA8DF874FA00" box="[1843,2017,1348,1462]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dorsal spine broken, pelvic spine without retrose spines</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2FA3BF874F99E" box="[162,2017,1522,1576]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2FA3BFEE2F99E" box="[162,375,1522,1576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Peritoneum color</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEFA3BFDAEF99E" box="[398,571,1522,1576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623FA3BFD65F99E" box="[595,752,1522,1576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dark tan with darker speckles</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BFA3BFC59F99E" box="[779,972,1522,1576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AFA3BFB3FF99E" box="[1002,1194,1522,1576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dark tan with dark speckles</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAFA3BFAFFF99E" box="[1226,1386,1522,1576]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Tan with darker brown speckles</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2FA3BF9BEF99E" box="[1410,1579,1522,1576]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dark tan with darker speckles</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237FA3BF88FF99E" box="[1607,1818,1522,1576]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343FA3BF874F99E" box="[1843,2017,1522,1576]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2F99EF874F9C6" box="[162,2017,1623,1648]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2F99EFEE2F9C6" box="[162,375,1623,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Brachial cavity color</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEF99EFDAEF9C6" box="[398,571,1623,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623F99EFD65F9C6" box="[595,752,1623,1648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dark tan</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BF99EFC59F9C6" box="[779,972,1623,1648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AF99EFB3FF9C6" box="[1002,1194,1623,1648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dark tan</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAF99EFAFFF9C6" box="[1226,1386,1623,1648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Tan</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2F99EF9BEF9C6" box="[1410,1579,1623,1648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Tan</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237F99EF88FF9C6" box="[1607,1818,1623,1648]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Blackish</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343F99EF874F9C6" box="[1843,2017,1623,1648]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6EDC554B425B000EC4D2F951F874F907" box="[162,2017,1688,1713]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<th id="2D0D3C37425B000EC4D2F951FEE2F907" box="[162,375,1688,1713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Sex based on gonads</th>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC5FEF951FDAEF907" box="[398,571,1688,1713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">?</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC623F951FD65F907" box="[595,752,1688,1713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Immature</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC77BF951FC59F907" box="[779,972,1688,1713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Female (?)</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC79AF951FB3FF907" box="[1002,1194,1688,1713]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Male</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC0BAF951FAFFF907" box="[1226,1386,1688,1713]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Female</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC1F2F951F9BEF907" box="[1410,1579,1688,1713]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Male (?)</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC237F951F88FF907" box="[1607,1818,1688,1713]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Mature female</td>
|
||
<td id="2D0D3C37425B000EC343F951F874F907" box="[1843,2017,1688,1713]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="84930781425AFFFAC4E7F9DDFED4F8C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3991959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991959/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" startId="11.[151,250,1556,1581]" targetBox="[152,1427,183,1516]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425AFFFAC4E7F9DDFED4F8C7" blockId="11.[151,1437,1556,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC4E7F9DDFE81F99B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Mid-body scales of
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC599F9DCFDDBF99B" box="[489,590,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC599F9DCFDDEF99B" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[489,587,1557,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mephisto</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior to left.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC68DF9DDFCBBF99B" bold="true" box="[765,814,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC746F9DCFBA2F99B" box="[822,1079,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC746F9DCFBA6F99B" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[822,1075,1557,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 350153, 105.8 mm SL.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC1F4F9DDFA09F99B" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Patch of scales. White arrows indicate tips of bifurcate spinules at base of central spinules; black arrows indicate tips of central spinules.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC486F994FE98F9C3" bold="true" box="[246,269,1629,1653]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Single scale showing five spinules, including a central spinule with a bifurcate spinule at its base and both branched and unbranched dorsal and ventral spinules. White arrows indicate tips of single or bifurcate spinules; black arrow indicates central spinule tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC52CF96DFEE0F90B" bold="true" box="[348,373,1700,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration of single scale from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC6B5F96FFCE9F90B" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[709,892,1701,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC6B5F96FFCE9F90B" box="[709,892,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to show relative length of spinules when viewed obliquely and for comparison with images B and D.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC6E5F900FD38F957" bold="true" box="[661,685,1737,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration of a single scale of
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC780F903FB25F957" box="[1008,1200,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC780F903FB38F957" authorityName="Matsuura, Psomadakis, and Mya Than Tun" authorityYear="2018" box="[1008,1197,1737,1761]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculosus">M. albomaculosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NSMT-P 132271, 94.4 mm SL. Illustration from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF8425AFFFAC5E8F927FDECF8B3" author="Matsuura, K. & Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T." box="[408,633,1773,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref9958" refString="Matsuura, K., Psomadakis, P. & Tun, M. T. (2018) Mephisto albomaculosus, a new spikefish (Actinopterygii: Tetraodontiformes: Triacanthodidae) collected off Myanmar, Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 66, 30 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10228 - 018 - 0642 - 7" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Matsuura
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC58DF927FDBAF8B3" box="[509,559,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, reprinted with permission from the Ichthyological Society of Japan. Note, scale has been reflected so image faces left. In large specimens of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC747F8DBFC7BF89F" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[823,1006,1809,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC747F8DBFC7BF89F" box="[823,1006,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC050F8DBFB4EF89F" authorityName="Matsuura, Psomadakis, and Mya Than Tun" authorityYear="2018" box="[1056,1243,1809,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC050F8DBFB4EF89F" box="[1056,1243,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. albomaculosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the central spinule has a bifurcate branch. Apparent differences in shape of scale plates in parts C and D is because the regions of overlap are not shown in part D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425AFFFDC4B7F868FD18FE3F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1952,2013]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,154,393]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC4B7F868FCB2F80F" box="[199,807,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425AFFFAC4B7F868FD2DF80E" bold="true" box="[199,696,1952,1977]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" reason="1">Description of teeth and tooth replacement.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425AFFFAC6B0F868FCB2F80F" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[704,807,1953,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mephisto</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has relatively few stoutly conical teeth that are larger in the anterior part of the jaw and smaller posterolaterally on the premaxilla and dentary (
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B2425AFFFAC028F80DFB38F86B" box="[1112,1197,1988,2013]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,574,598]" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic data from eight examined specimens of Mephisto fraserbrunneri. Dashes indicate data that could not be obtained because of specimen damage or specimen having been cleared and stained prior to this study." pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C425AFFFAC0CAF80DFB68F86A" box="[1210,1277,1988,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,415,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,415,1042]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micro-CT scan of jaws and dentition of Mephisto fraserbrunneri, ZMH 5629, 66.0 mm SL. Tooth loci with developing teeth are indicated with stars, and an eroding tooth is indicated with an E. A. Anterior view showing intraosseous tooth replacement in left and right premaxillae and dentaries. B. Lateral view of teeth developing intraosseously that are nearing eruption." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth are re- placed intraosseously (
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C425DFFFDC5E2FF53FE41FF04" box="[402,468,154,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,415,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,415,1042]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micro-CT scan of jaws and dentition of Mephisto fraserbrunneri, ZMH 5629, 66.0 mm SL. Tooth loci with developing teeth are indicated with stars, and an eroding tooth is indicated with an E. A. Anterior view showing intraosseous tooth replacement in left and right premaxillae and dentaries. B. Lateral view of teeth developing intraosseously that are nearing eruption." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991961/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Teeth develop underneath functional teeth and erupt on the labial side of the jaw. There is no obvious pattern of replacement; several teeth in the jaws of various specimens were in the process of replacement. For example, in the specimen shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C425DFFFDC6E1FF2BFD7AFF4C" box="[657,751,226,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1067,1092]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,415,1041]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,415,1042]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Micro-CT scan of jaws and dentition of Mephisto fraserbrunneri, ZMH 5629, 66.0 mm SL. Tooth loci with developing teeth are indicated with stars, and an eroding tooth is indicated with an E. A. Anterior view showing intraosseous tooth replacement in left and right premaxillae and dentaries. B. Lateral view of teeth developing intraosseously that are nearing eruption." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991961/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, there are nine teeth in both the left and right premaxillae; two or three teeth are undergoing replacement (loci 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC425DFFFDC695FECFFC9AFEA8" box="[741,783,262,286]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
the left premaxilla; loci 1, 3, and
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC425DFFFDC0F2FECFFB38FEA8" box="[1154,1197,262,286]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
the right premaxilla). On each side of the left and right dentary there are 11 teeth; two to four teeth are undergoing replacement (loci 2 and 10 on the left dentary and loci 1, 3, 7, and 9 on the right dentary). In the right dentary, locus 1 has an eroding tooth and an erupting replacement tooth beneath it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="84930781425DFFFDC4E7FBE2FF66FB06" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3991961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991961/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" startId="12.[151,250,1067,1092]" targetBox="[151,1436,415,1041]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425DFFFDC4E7FBE2FF66FB06" blockId="12.[151,1436,1067,1200]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC4E7FBE2FE86FBF2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1067,1092]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Micro-CT scan of jaws and dentition of
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC6DFFBE5FC3AFBF2" box="[687,943,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC6DFFBE5FC3EFBF2" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[687,939,1068,1092]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZMH 5629, 66.0 mm SL. Tooth loci with developing teeth are indicated with stars, and an eroding tooth is indicated with an E.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC7A3FB86FC7EFBDE" bold="true" box="[979,1003,1103,1128]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior view showing intraosseous tooth replacement in left and right premaxillae and dentaries.
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC693FBBDFD6FFB3A" bold="true" box="[739,762,1140,1164]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of teeth developing intraosseously that are nearing eruption.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98F60482425DFFFDC4B7FB16FC23F9A3" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425DFFFDC4B7FB16FC23F9A3" blockId="12.[151,1437,1247,1738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC4B7FB16FF6BFB41" bold="true" box="[199,254,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Diet.</emphasis>
|
||
Three specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC59BFB16FD6BFB41" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[491,766,1247,1271]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC59BFB16FD6BFB41" box="[491,766,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had stomach contents: DABFUK/FI/304 contained primarily foraminiferans and secondarily pteropods. Both planktic (
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC728FACAFD4DFA89" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC728FACAFA9EFAAD" authority=", Globigerinella" authorityName="Globigerinella" box="[856,1291,1283,1307]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globorotaliidae" genus="Globorotalia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="menardii">Globorotalia menardii, Globigerinella</taxonomicName>
|
||
siphonifera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC4E7FAEEFE1AFA89" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,399,1319,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Globigerinoides" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ruber">Globigerinoides ruber</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC5E9FAEEFD41FA89" baseAuthorityName="d'Orbigny" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[409,724,1319,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globorotaliidae" genus="Neogloboquadrina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="dutertrei">Neogloboquadrina dutertrei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC77CFAEEFC64FA89" baseAuthorityName="Brady" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[780,1009,1319,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Globigerinidae" genus="Trilobatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="sacculifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC77CFAEEFC64FA89" box="[780,1009,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Trilobatus sacculifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and benthic (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC0E0FAEEFB7BFA89" box="[1168,1262,1319,1343]" class="Globothalamea" family="Bolivinitidae" genus="Bolivina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC0E0FAEEFB7BFA89" box="[1168,1262,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Bolivina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC153FAEEFA06FA88" box="[1315,1427,1319,1342]" class="Globothalamea" family="Uvigerinidae" genus="Uvigerina" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC153FAEEFA06FA88" box="[1315,1427,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Uvigerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) foraminiferans were present (Brian Huber, pers. comm., 2020). Pteropod shells, as well as several scaphopods and an echinoderm spine, were also in the stomach. The shells of these organisms had sediment on them, and the foraminiferans did not appear to have been ingested alive. USNM 306629 had well-digested amphipods in its stomach. The largest specimen, USNM 350153, had chitin fragments and peropods of a gammarid in its stomach (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B47D2AF8425DFFFDC09EFA7FFF47FA47" author="Gorelova, T. A. & Borodulina, O. D. & Vereshchaka, A. L. & Shcherbachev, Y. N." pageId="12" pageNumber="94" pagination="217 - 230" refId="ref9693" refString="Gorelova, T. A., Borodulina, O. D., Vereshchaka, A. L. & Shcherbachev, Y. N. (1993) Data on feeding of some mesobenthic and bathybenthic fishes in the Indian Ocean. Trudy Instituta Oceanologii, 128, 217 - 230. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Gorelova
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC12EFA7FFA03FA78" box="[1374,1430,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which were lost when it was cleared and stained. Based upon this data, we conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC0A3FA13FA09FA47" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[1235,1436,1497,1521]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC0A3FA13FA09FA47" box="[1235,1436,1497,1521]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on a diversity of small organisms found on or in bottom sediment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98F60482425DFFFDC4B7F9D7FE1CF97F" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D0535709425DFFFDC4B7F9D7FE1CF97F" blockId="12.[151,1437,1247,1738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC4B7F9D7FDF5F98F" bold="true" box="[199,608,1566,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Geographic and depth distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="60845D54425DFFFDC619F9D6FE11F97F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2845655304" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Sea" elevation="296" location="The" municipality="Three" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="0F57E9AB425DFFFDC6EDF9D6FD6AF98F" box="[669,767,1567,1593]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC757F9D6FBA8F98F" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[807,1085,1567,1593]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC757F9D6FBA8F98F" box="[807,1085,1567,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Mephisto fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="39322F85425DFFFDC15FF9D6FF2AF9EB" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Andaman Sea</collectingCounty>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FB1799425DFFFDC49FF98DFECBF9E8" box="[239,350,1604,1630]" name="Myanmar" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="3037CD73425DFFFDC519F98AFE3FF9EB" box="[361,426,1603,1629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Three</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of the eight known specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC75AF98DFC63F9EB" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[810,1014,1603,1629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC75AF98DFC63F9EB" box="[810,1014,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FB1799425DFFFDC0A0F98AFABAF9EB" box="[1232,1327,1603,1629]" name="Somalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="D53301D2425DFFFDC14AF98AFAF3F9EB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F:D53301D2425DFFFDC14AF98AFAF3F9EB" box="[1338,1382,1603,1629]" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Sea" municipality="Three" name="The" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" stateProvince="Kerala">The</location>
|
||
four most recently collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC630F9A1FC9EF937" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[576,779,1639,1665]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC630F9A1FC9EF937" box="[576,779,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were caught off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="122899EB425DFFFDC7BCF9AEFB82F937" box="[972,1047,1639,1665]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the southwest coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FB1799425DFFFDC135F9AEFAEAF937" box="[1349,1407,1639,1665]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A8FB1799425DFFFDC4B1F942FECEF913" box="[193,347,1675,1701]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Lakshadweep</collectingCountry>
|
||
<location id="D53301D2425DFFFDC512F942FE1FF913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F:D53301D2425DFFFDC512F942FE1FF913" box="[354,394,1675,1701]" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Sea" municipality="Three" name="Sea" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" stateProvince="Kerala">Sea</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="48D74B8C425DFFFDC5EAF942FE75F913" box="[410,480,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,715,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,705,1803]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distribution and habitat of Mephisto. A. All known records of Mephisto, including holotypes of M. fraserbrunneri and M. albomaculosus, non-type specimens of M. fraserbrunneri, and photographic records of specimens that were not retained. B. Detail of region in white box in part A highlighting collection localities on continental shelf off Somalia and Socotra, and Error Seamount (part of the Carlsberg Ridge). Bathymetric data from Smith and Sandwell (1997)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3991953/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="D53301D2425DFFFDC583F942FD82F913" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5845E61F4259FFFDC4E7F9DAFE1CF97F:D53301D2425DFFFDC583F942FD82F913" box="[499,535,1675,1701]" country="Myanmar" county="Andaman Sea" municipality="Three" name="All" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" stateProvince="Kerala">All</location>
|
||
eight specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17EC2C8A425DFFFDC688F945FC56F913" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1966" box="[760,963,1675,1701]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Triacanthodidae" genus="Mephisto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetraodontiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fraserbrunneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2988B1B425DFFFDC688F945FC56F913" box="[760,963,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="94">M. fraserbrunneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were caught in bottom trawls at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="1714FAEC425DFFFDC4E7F966FE83F97C" box="[151,278,1710,1738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.955" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="295.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="176.0">
|
||
<elevation id="5BC1B03A425DFFFDC4E7F966FE83F97C" box="[151,278,1710,1738]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.955" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="12" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="295.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="176.0">176–415 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="9D6E62B2425DFFFDC554F966FEEDF97F" box="[292,376,1711,1737]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,1552,1576]" captionText="TABLE 1. Size, locality, and depth of collection for specimens and photographs of Mephisto spp." pageId="12" pageNumber="94">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |