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<document id="FBD3B00E83E6A297F8057D824BBA28F3" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8236bd26-3526-4cd6-8f59-d0a35546956a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272187" ID-ZooBank="2F618235-7D28-4F73-91D9-5E91962F0F0E" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1472451084936" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jałoszyński, Paweł &amp; Kilian, Aleksandra" docDate="2016" docId="260AFD4EFFB4FF9FA8F4BFF2FD76FE04" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4158.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4158 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stenomastigus longicornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="DA338536FFB6FF9CA863BA46FF9EFF8C" masterDocTitle="Description of the second- and third-instar larva of South African Stenomastigus longicornis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1698383077603" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E126E905D07728EF348D09364826ECB8">Description of the second- and third-instar larva of South African Stenomastigus longicornis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B9F6380757BA32D8CA28102FBC0E4CA">Jałoszyński, Paweł</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28B6712F6634643211CB4C3F171F496C">Kilian, Aleksandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="3F15CE10A14F5D33F1805393988D855A">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="260AFD4EFFB4FF9FA8F4BFF2FD76FE04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5612196" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5612196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:260AFD4EFFB4FF9FA8F4BFF2FD76FE04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/260AFD4EFFB4FF9FA8F4BFF2FD76FE04" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
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<paragraph id="AE1C4C58FFB4FF9EA8F4BFF2FD48FA42" blockId="2.[151,726,1459,1486]" box="[151,726,1459,1486]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
<heading id="F554FB34FFB4FF9EA8F4BFF2FD48FA42" bold="true" box="[151,726,1459,1486]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" reason="1">
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Description of
<taxonomicName id="69A337DBFFB4FF9EA92CBFF5FD10FA41" ID-CoL="6ZLGG" box="[335,654,1459,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="9CD7904AFFB4FF9EA92CBFF5FD10FA41" bold="true" box="[335,654,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Stenomastigus longicornis</emphasis>
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larva
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<paragraph id="AE1C4C58FFB4FF9FA8F4BFBAFD76FE04" blockId="2.[151,1437,1531,2024]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
Larvae of both studied instars campodeiform, strongly elongate and slightly flattened, with nearly parallel-sided thorax and distinctly narrowing abdomen; their antennae and legs strikingly long (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EAC29BC59FB2FF9BB" box="[1098,1201,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1362,1385]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,375,1340]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,375,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; living individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272188/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EACA3BC59FB73F9B4" box="[1216,1261,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 9. Third-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis photographed in ethanol several months after collecting. Dorsal (6) and lateral (7) habitus, head and anterior part of thorax in dorsal (8) and lateral (9) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">67</figureCitation>
). Living larvae (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EA8FCBC05FE9CF9D7" box="[159,258,1603,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1362,1385]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,375,1340]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,375,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; living individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272188/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 14</figureCitation>
) extensively use their pygopod (i.e., abdominal segment X) in locomotion, so it is strongly bent ventrally most of the time; antennae typically hold with first antennomere raised and distal portion of antenna bent anteroventrally to examine ground and objects in front of larva. Orientation of pygopod and antennae usually wellpreserved post mortem (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EA9C4BCE9FE75F94B" box="[423,491,1711,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 9. Third-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis photographed in ethanol several months after collecting. Dorsal (6) and lateral (7) habitus, head and anterior part of thorax in dorsal (8) and lateral (9) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Second instar (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EAAC4BCE9FC94F94B" box="[679,778,1711,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1362,1385]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,375,1340]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,375,1341]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 4. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; living individual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272188/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 14</figureCitation>
) has head, thorax and abdomen orange, whereas antennae, maxillary palps and legs light brown; third instar creamy white with dark brown head, tergal and sternal plates, scape, distal portions of femora and proximal portions of tibiae (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EABE6BCB1FC52F883" box="[901,972,1783,1808]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 9. Third-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis photographed in ethanol several months after collecting. Dorsal (6) and lateral (7) habitus, head and anterior part of thorax in dorsal (8) and lateral (9) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); stemmata in both instars nearly black. Colors of larvae stored for several weeks in ethanol strongly fade (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EABF0BD5DFC46F8B8" box="[915,984,1819,1844]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1742]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 9. Third-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis photographed in ethanol several months after collecting. Dorsal (6) and lateral (7) habitus, head and anterior part of thorax in dorsal (8) and lateral (9) views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272190/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Body in both instars sparsely covered with long setae, mostly unmodified, with pointed apices; some setae have truncated and slightly bifid apices. Two types of strongly modified setae were found in both instars. Long setae with surface covered with irregular protuberances located around frontal impression (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EAAADBDC1FCCDF813" box="[718,851,1927,1952]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19 23. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Frontal impression in posterodorsal view (19) and its lateral portion enlarged (20); seta from frontal impression (21), left antennal insertion in dorsal view (22), labrum in anterior view (23). Abbreviations: An 1, antennomere I; Df, dorsofrontal seta; Es, epicranial suture; La, labral anterior seta; Lbr, labrum; Ld, labral dorsal seta; Md, mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272193/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 1921</figureCitation>
). Very short, flat, leaf-like setae with fine elongate ribs distributed along anterior and posterior margins of tergal plates (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EABC3BDEDFBBDF848" box="[928,1059,1963,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 57" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1635,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 51 57. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture and modified setae. Anterolateral portion of pronotum (51), anterolateral portion of mesonotum (52), 53, leaf-like seta and surrounding asperities of pronotum (53), leaf-like seta of mesonotum (54), two leaf-like setae partly overlapped by intersegmental membrane of prothorax (55), leaf-like seta (56) and details of its basal portion (57)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272200/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 5157</figureCitation>
), often partly covered by folds of intersegmental membranes (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB4FF9EA9B6BD89FDC9F864" box="[469,599,1999,2024]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 57" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1635,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 51 57. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture and modified setae. Anterolateral portion of pronotum (51), anterolateral portion of mesonotum (52), 53, leaf-like seta and surrounding asperities of pronotum (53), leaf-like seta of mesonotum (54), two leaf-like setae partly overlapped by intersegmental membrane of prothorax (55), leaf-like seta (56) and details of its basal portion (57)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272200/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Figs 52, 55</figureCitation>
) and poorly visible. Dense, hair-like microtrichia cover posterior margins of antennal sockets (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA9E1BAD1FE46FF3C" box="[386,472,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1674,1697]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1653]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 19 23. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Frontal impression in posterodorsal view (19) and its lateral portion enlarged (20); seta from frontal impression (21), left antennal insertion in dorsal view (22), labrum in anterior view (23). Abbreviations: An 1, antennomere I; Df, dorsofrontal seta; Es, epicranial suture; La, labral anterior seta; Lbr, labrum; Ld, labral dorsal seta; Md, mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272193/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); sparse and thorn-like microtrichia located on distal section of antennomere II (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FAD0CBAD1FF29FF59" captionStart="FIGURES 24 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1871,1894]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,337,1850]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 29. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Junction between right antennomeres I and II in dorsal view (24), middle section of antennomere II in slightly posterior view (25), antennal apex in dorsal view (26) and enlarged apical region of antennomere II and III (27), distal portion of left maxillary palpomere III in ventral view (28), apex of left labial palp in ventral view (29). Abbreviations: An 1, 2 ', 2 '', 2 ''', 3, antennomere I, sections of antennomere II and antennomere III; lp 1 2, labial palpomere I II; mp 3, maxillary palpomere III; SA, sensory appendage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272194/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
); external surface of all coxae and some abdominal tergal and sternal plates covered with sparse scale-like or thorn-like asperities (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA9E0BA99FE44FF74" box="[387,474,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1238,1261]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1218]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 40. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Thorax and proximal portions of legs in left lateral view (37), microsculpture of coxa (38), middle leg (coxa omitted) in posterior view (39), distal portion of leg (40). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Cx, coxa; Fe, femur, N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; Pr, pretarsus; Sp, spiracle; Ti, tibiotarsus; Tr, trochanter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272196/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA986BA99FDB1FF74" box="[485,559,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 66" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,589,1883]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 60 66. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Abdominal tergite VI (60), apex of abdominal segment X in dorsal view (61), sculpture of posteromedian area of abdominal tergite VI (62), surface of abdominal tergite X (63) and enlarged area with lentiform structure and tooth-like cuticular projections (64), mesothoracic spiracle (65), second abdominal spiracle (66). Abbreviations: AM, anal membrane; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272202/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">6264</figureCitation>
); thoracic tergal plates densely covered with small and rounded tubercles (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FAD09BA99FF7EFE91" captionStart="FIGURES 47 50" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 47 50. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture. Thorax in dorsal view (47), sculpture on posteromedian area of pronotum (48), sculpture around seta Da 1 on pronotum (49), sculpture on posterior margin of metanotum and intersegmental membrane (50). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Da, dorsal seta; l, lentiform structure; N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 4750</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA891BB42FEA7FE91" box="[242,313,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 57" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1635,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 51 57. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture and modified setae. Anterolateral portion of pronotum (51), anterolateral portion of mesonotum (52), 53, leaf-like seta and surrounding asperities of pronotum (53), leaf-like seta of mesonotum (54), two leaf-like setae partly overlapped by intersegmental membrane of prothorax (55), leaf-like seta (56) and details of its basal portion (57)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272200/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">5153</figureCitation>
) forming pattern composed of smooth areas within regions of asperity (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FACC9BB42FAADFE90" box="[1194,1331,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 50" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 47 50. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture. Thorax in dorsal view (47), sculpture on posteromedian area of pronotum (48), sculpture around seta Da 1 on pronotum (49), sculpture on posterior margin of metanotum and intersegmental membrane (50). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Da, dorsal seta; l, lentiform structure; N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 4748</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FAD26BB42FA11FE91" box="[1349,1423,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 51 57" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1635,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,337,1614]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 51 57. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture and modified setae. Anterolateral portion of pronotum (51), anterolateral portion of mesonotum (52), 53, leaf-like seta and surrounding asperities of pronotum (53), leaf-like seta of mesonotum (54), two leaf-like setae partly overlapped by intersegmental membrane of prothorax (55), leaf-like seta (56) and details of its basal portion (57)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272200/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">5152</figureCitation>
); intersegmental membranes densely covered with round tubercles and scale-like or thorn-like asperities (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FAD5DBB61FA09FECC" box="[1342,1431,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 40" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1238,1261]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1217]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1218]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 40. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Thorax and proximal portions of legs in left lateral view (37), microsculpture of coxa (38), middle leg (coxa omitted) in posterior view (39), distal portion of leg (40). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Cx, coxa; Fe, femur, N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; Pr, pretarsus; Sp, spiracle; Ti, tibiotarsus; Tr, trochanter." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272196/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA8F4BB0AFF28FEE9" box="[151,182,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 50" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 47 50. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture. Thorax in dorsal view (47), sculpture on posteromedian area of pronotum (48), sculpture around seta Da 1 on pronotum (49), sculpture on posterior margin of metanotum and intersegmental membrane (50). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Da, dorsal seta; l, lentiform structure; N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FA8A1BB0AFEA6FEE9" box="[194,312,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 66" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1903,1926]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,589,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,589,1883]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 60 66. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis. Abdominal tergite VI (60), apex of abdominal segment X in dorsal view (61), sculpture of posteromedian area of abdominal tergite VI (62), surface of abdominal tergite X (63) and enlarged area with lentiform structure and tooth-like cuticular projections (64), mesothoracic spiracle (65), second abdominal spiracle (66). Abbreviations: AM, anal membrane; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272202/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">60, 6566</figureCitation>
). Insertions of long setae on tergal and sternal plates surrounded by cuticle devoid of asperities but covered with wrinkles directed toward seta (
<figureCitation id="369850DDFFB5FF9FAAEBBB29FD42FE04" box="[648,732,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 47 50" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1226]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1227]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 47 50. Second-instar larva of Stenomastigus longicornis; dorsal microsculpture. Thorax in dorsal view (47), sculpture on posteromedian area of pronotum (48), sculpture around seta Da 1 on pronotum (49), sculpture on posterior margin of metanotum and intersegmental membrane (50). Abbreviations: A 1, abdominal segment I; Da, dorsal seta; l, lentiform structure; N 1 3, pro-, meso- and metanotum; P, posterior seta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>