216 lines
19 KiB
XML
216 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1137-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="818ADEB99A7A5D0C851421411FA5B421" ID-ZooBank="DFA4D0BDCBA649D487ACC741E6C216E9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1137-133" checkinTime="1671892165935" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Caterino, Michael S." docDate="2022" docId="6CD9C9BDFB24525CAE5226ACDE0AB23C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1137: 133-175" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1137" docPubDate="2022-12-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068" docTitle="Euconnus adversus Caterino 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E8D7FF15-E9B6-48EE-9191-E1C4E7ABE41B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="818ADEB99A7A5D0C851421411FA5B421" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="818ADEB99A7A5D0C851421411FA5B421" masterDocTitle="First report of the Euconnus Thomson subgenus Cladoconnus Reitter in the New World, represented by thirteen new Appalachian species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1671892165935" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First report of the Euconnus Thomson subgenus Cladoconnus Reitter in the New World, represented by thirteen new Appalachian species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Caterino, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-5707</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Dept of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mcateri@clemson.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1137</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:end>175</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1137-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DFA4D0BDCBA649D487ACC741E6C216E9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">818ADEB99A7A5D0C851421411FA5B421</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E8D7FF15-E9B6-48EE-9191-E1C4E7ABE41B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6CD9C9BDFB24525CAE5226ACDE0AB23C" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/E8D7FF15-E9B6-48EE-9191-E1C4E7ABE41B" authority="Caterino, 2022" authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus adversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adversus" status="sp. nov.">Euconnus adversus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Map of collecting records for Euconnus (Cladoconnus) falcatus complex. E. (C.) falcatus (circles), E. (C.) cataloochee (stars), E. (C.) tusquitee (triangules), E. (C.) draco (hexagons), E. (C.) kilmeri (plus sign), and E. (C.) attritus (x)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786422" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Habitus and character photos of Euconnus adversus A male, lateral view B male, dorsal view (NT. A. 009) C SEM of male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786425" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagus A Euconnus adversus (type locality - Celo Knob, NC) B Euconnus adversus (non-type locality - Chestnut Ridge, SC) C Euconnus astrus D Euconnus cultellus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786426" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 15A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂, deposited in FMNH: "USA: NC: Yancey Co.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.8524" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.8524">35.8524°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.2485" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.2485">82.2485°W</geoCoordinate>
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, PisgahNF, CeloKnob, x.19.2021, 6300', M.Caterino, E.Recuero, & A.Haberski, sifted litter" / "[QR code] CLEMSON-ENT CUAC000157519" / "Caterino DNA Voucher Extraction MSC9225 Morphosp.CK.B.370".
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Paratypes</emphasis>
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(4, CUAC) - 1 ♂: "USA: NC: Yancey Co.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.8447" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.8447">35.8447°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.2369" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.2369">82.2369°W</geoCoordinate>
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, PisgahNF, Woody Ridge Tr., vi.15.2020, 5244', M.Caterino, F.Etzler, sifted litter" / "[QR code] CLEMSON-ENT CUAC000137633" / "Caterino DNA Voucher Extraction MSC5528 Morphosp.WR.A.046"; 1 ♂: "USA: NC: Caldwell Co.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.1184" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.1184">36.1184°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="81.7909" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-81.7909">81.7909°W</geoCoordinate>
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, Grandfather Mt.SP, 4020', Nuwati Tr., v.17.2021, A.Haberski, P. Wooden, sifted litter" / "[QR code] CLEMSON-ENT CUAC000135057" / "Caterino DNA Voucher Extraction MSC6364 Morphosp.NT.A.009"; 1 ♂: "USA: NC: Buncombe Co.Co.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.7955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.7955">35.7955°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.3392" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-82.3392">82.3392°W</geoCoordinate>
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, Big Butt Tr.,iii.19.2016, S.Myers, L.Vasquez-Velez, sifted litter" / "[QR code] CLEMSON-ENT CUAC00026846"; 1 ♂: "USA: TN: Unicoi Co.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="35.9950" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="35.995">35.9950°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="82.48972" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-82.48972">82.48972°W</geoCoordinate>
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, Cherokee NF, Big Bald, v.21.2021, CW. Harden, A.Haberski, P.Wooden, sifted litter" / "[QR code] CLEMSON-ENT CUAC000135395" / "Caterino DNA Voucher Extraction MSC6920 Morphosp.BgBld.A.026".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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(19):
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">NC</emphasis>
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: Jackson Co., Balsam Mountain Preserve, Sugarloaf Mountain
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3688568" unit="ft" value="4491.0">4491ft</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2015-02-07">7-Feb-2015</date>
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, Sifting litter, oak litter in old stump depression; Ashe Co., Mt. Jefferson State Park, SE Reservoir,
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<date value="1960-07-04">4-Jul-1960</date>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">SC</emphasis>
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: Greenville Co., Chestnut Ridge Heritage Preserve, 1140 &
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71856" unit="ft" value="1220.0">1220 ft.</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2015-06-05">5-June-2015</date>
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; Pickens Co., Clemson Experimental Forest, Seed Orchard Rd.,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1336" unit="ft" value="700.0">700ft</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2016-07-12">12-Jul-2016</date>
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; Oconee Co., Ellicott Rock Wilderness, East Fork Chattooga River,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.431279999999999" unit="ft" value="2110.0">2110ft</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2015-05-04">4-May-2015</date>
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; Oconee Co., Ellicott Rock Wilderness, Indian Camp Creek,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.601456" unit="ft" value="2822.0">2822ft</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2015-05-04">4-May-2015</date>
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; Greenville Co., Mtn. Bridges Wilderness,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.79704" unit="ft" value="2230.0">2230ft.</quantity>
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,
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<date value="2018-03-10">10-Mar-2018</date>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">GA</emphasis>
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: Rabun Co., NE Pine Mt., Chattooga R.,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4864" unit="ft" value="1800.0">1800ft</quantity>
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,
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<date value="1981-06-05">5-Jun-1981</date>
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(CUAC, CNCI, FMNH).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnostic description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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This species is generally very similar to the preceding, and can best be distinguished by male genitalic characters; it and the following, however, exhibit the most prominent antennal carinae among American
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Cladoconnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladoconnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Cladoconnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, those on antennomeres VIII and IX both being strong and oblique (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Habitus and character photos of Euconnus adversus A male, lateral view B male, dorsal view (NT. A. 009) C SEM of male antenna." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786425" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">14C</figureCitation>
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), that of VIII most produced at base and that of IX most produced at apex; antennomere VII also exhibits some expansion along its inner margin; males may be wing-polymorphic, winged individuals appearing larger and darker in body color; female wings not observed; aedeagus (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagus A Euconnus adversus (type locality - Celo Knob, NC) B Euconnus adversus (non-type locality - Chestnut Ridge, SC) C Euconnus astrus D Euconnus cultellus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786426" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">15A, B</figureCitation>
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) with median lobe evenly tapered and narrowly rounded at apex; parameres thin, each bearing three short terminal setae, the setae not reaching apex of median lobe; compressor plate short, asymmetrical, truncate on one side (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘left’">'left'</normalizedToken>
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as drawn), produced on other; upper endophallic armature comprising two dominant curved sclerites, one tapered to narrowly subacute apex, the shorter one much broader, more weakly curved inward to a bluntly truncate apex that meets the apex of the other; the lower endophallic armature consisting of a shorter, deeply bifurcate (or trifurcate) process, the apices slightly varied in curvature, generally directed distad.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786425" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 14.</emphasis>
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Habitus and character photos of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus adversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Euconnus adversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
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male, lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
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male, dorsal view (NT.A.009)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
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SEM of male antenna.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786426" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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Aedeagus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus adversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Euconnus adversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(type locality - Celo Knob, NC)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus adversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Euconnus adversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(non-type locality - Chestnut Ridge, SC)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus astrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Euconnus astrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Caterino" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Euconnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euconnus cultellus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cultellus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Euconnus cultellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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This species is widespread but rare, found at scattered lower elevation sites across northwestern South Carolina, to higher elevations in the Nantahalas, Blacks, Grandfather Mountain, and Mount Jefferson in northernmost North Carolina. It has a broad elevational range as well, from just 700 ft up to the highest peaks in the region at 6500 ft. A single male labelled as from the Florida panhandle is almost certainly mislabeled. Collected by Stewart Peck on 8 June 1981, it was collected just 3 days after he collected another specimen of this species in Rabun County, Georgia. The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Florida’">'Florida'</normalizedToken>
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specimen probably belongs to the Georgia series.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The strongly modified antennomeres of male
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. adversus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">E. adversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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will distinguish them immediately from anything sympatric (though not the more western
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. astrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astrus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">E. astrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, below). There is considerable variation site-to-site in the detailed shapes of the upper and lower endophallic armature. In males from the Balsam Mt. Preserve (NC), the innermost endophallic sclerite is deeply trifucate, whereas in those from the Chestnut Ridge Heritage Preserve (SC) the right tip of the lower endophallic sclerite is curved inward (compare Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagus A Euconnus adversus (type locality - Celo Knob, NC) B Euconnus adversus (non-type locality - Chestnut Ridge, SC) C Euconnus astrus D Euconnus cultellus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786426" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">15B</figureCitation>
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and Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Aedeagus A Euconnus adversus (type locality - Celo Knob, NC) B Euconnus adversus (non-type locality - Chestnut Ridge, SC) C Euconnus astrus D Euconnus cultellus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1137.97068.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/786426" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">15A</figureCitation>
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, respectively). None of these southern localities, however, are represented by sequence data, so before recognizing these variants taxonomically, better representation for molecular data would be advisable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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The name of this species refers to the seemingly
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘opposable’">'opposable'</normalizedToken>
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carinae of male antennomeres VIII and IX.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |