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<document id="22F4E1A97F214C7B8F04035B0BBE96C1" ID-CLB-Dataset="25305" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.562" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6af87ae-7f5c-482a-8437-cba6bdcf88f5" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3474305" ID-ZooBank="6567F621-7A92-4D1A-8902-A1E76325AF94" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1570394176492" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Schuchert, Peter" docDate="2019" docId="03C0D256AD55613EFD92A501588DF967" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-562_galea_schuchert.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 562" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Dynamena opposita Galea &amp; Schuchert 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="375154A7-28FA-4897-A522-362AA994DDA1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFF9AA2EAD4E6123FFD5A44F5B5CFFB2" masterDocTitle="Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698757687887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BFA95A7ECB7B2422A434A05356750782">Some thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FAFE7F1EE2046E9401BB60D0936A4F4">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D68EC50DBB9EC21E8BED891A2A42AC16">Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="148A0188E23DB2A000E8A37A176EF30C">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="00D9E558272C6E94F40D9208D6170B82">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9ED8AC90E6BF287A60D9901A150A665A">2019-10-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C0D256AD55613EFD92A501588DF967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3475295" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159646968" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3475295" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:375154A7-28FA-4897-A522-362AA994DDA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0D256AD55613EFD92A501588DF967" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD556138FD92A5015F98FE3F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD556138FD92A50158B1FEDA" blockId="27.[367,1220,334,432]" box="[583,1005,334,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD556138FD92A50158B1FEDA" box="[583,1005,334,360]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FD92A50158DAFEDA" ID-CoL="848GX" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" box="[583,902,334,360]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposita" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FD92A5015864FEDA" bold="true" box="[583,824,334,360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dynamena opposita</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD556138FC47A50158B1FEDA" box="[914,1005,334,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD556138FD4EA5D958C5FE02" box="[667,921,406,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD556138FD4EA5D958C5FE02" blockId="27.[367,1220,334,432]" box="[667,921,406,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="13527FC5AD556138FD4EA5D95857FE02" box="[667,779,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,231,1822,1848]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,750,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1398,750,1790]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 10.A. DynamenaoppositaGalea, sp.nov.,holotype colony, MNHN-IK-2015-470.—B.Hydrallmania clavaformis Galea, sp. nov., holotype colony, MNHN-IK-2015-404. — C. Sertularella leiocarpoides Vervoort, 1993, one colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-420. — D. Sertularella novaecaledoniae Vervoort, 1993, colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-424. — E. Sertularella aff. sinensis Jäderholm, 1896, one colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-418. — F. Sertularella tronconica Galea, 2016, colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-419. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 1 cm; C = 2 cm; F = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 10A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13527FC5AD556138FCC3A5D95869FE02" box="[790,821,406,432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[328,1231,1138,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[310,1259,1134,1905]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Dynamena opposita Galea, sp. nov. A–B. Distal part of colony showing branching pattern (A), cladial internode with pair of hydrothecae (B). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474327/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">11</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6EB56FBAD556138FC94A5D958C5FE02" box="[833,921,406,432]" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="29.[189,258,268,294]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Table 6. Measurements of Dynamena opposita Galea, sp. nov., in µm." pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Table 6</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD556138FF68A5965949FD65" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD556138FF68A5965A6AFE41" blockId="27.[189,310,473,499]" box="[189,310,473,499]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD556138FF68A5965A6AFE41" bold="true" box="[189,310,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FF68A5965A6AFE41" bold="true" box="[189,310,473,499]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD556138FF68A6475949FD65" blockId="27.[189,1399,520,728]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stems simple, monosiphonic, bearing pinnately-arranged hydrocladia in opposite pairs. Division into internodes irregular; each internode with a pair of indistinct apophyses supporting cladia and their associated axillary hydrothecae, as well as 0–3 pairs of hydrothecae below. Cladia divided into more or less regular internodes comprising 0–3 pairs of opposite hydrothecae. Hydrothecae tubular, deeply immersed into internode, not contiguous, aperture facing outwards, provided with two lateral, triangular cusps. Gonothecae unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1633C8AD556138FF68A3515FE5F85B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3474325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474325/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[189,231,1822,1848]" targetBox="[189,1398,750,1790]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD556138FF68A3515FE5F85B" blockId="27.[189,1399,1822,2025]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FF68A3515A71F88A" bold="true" box="[189,301,1822,1849]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 10.A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FEEDA350593AF88B" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" box="[312,614,1823,1849]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposita" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FEEDA3505941F88A" box="[312,541,1823,1848]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Dynamena opposita</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD556138FDBAA350599BF88B" box="[623,711,1823,1849]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,holotype colony, MNHN-IK-2015-470.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FB40A3505F94F88B" bold="true" box="[1173,1224,1823,1849]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">—B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FB06A3505ACBF8EE" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Hydrallmania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clavaformis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FB06A3505A1AF8EE" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hydrallmania clavaformis</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD556138FE72A30D595BF8EE" box="[423,519,1858,1884]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype colony, MNHN-IK-2015-404.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FC21A30D5F6DF8EE" bold="true" box="[1012,1073,1858,1884]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">— C</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FB91A30D5A2FF8CD" authority="Vervoort, 1993" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="leiocarpoides">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FB91A30D5E2BF8EE" box="[1092,1399,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sertularella leiocarpoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD556138FF68A3295A2FF8CD" author="Vervoort" box="[189,371,1893,1920]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref39987" refString="Vervoort W. 1993. Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle 158: 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, one colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-420.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FC1CA32A5F54F8CD" bold="true" box="[969,1032,1893,1919]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">— D</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FBC9A32A5A2DF810" authority="Vervoort, 1993" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="novaecaledoniae">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FBC9A32A5E2BF8CD" box="[1052,1399,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sertularella novaecaledoniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD556138FF68A3C65A2DF810" author="Vervoort" box="[189,369,1928,1955]" firstAuthor="Vervoort" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref39987" refString="Vervoort W. 1993. Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier A. (ed.) Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle 158: 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-424.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FC54A3C758E7F810" bold="true" box="[897,955,1928,1954]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">— E</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FC18A3C75BA6F877" authority="Jaderholm, 1896" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1896" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FC18A3C75F0AF810" box="[973,1110,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sertularella</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FB44A3C65FB1F810" box="[1169,1261,1929,1954]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD556138FB23A3C75BA6F877" author="Jaderholm" firstAuthor="Jaderholm" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref37752" refString="Jaderholm E. 1896. Ueber Aussereuropaische Hydroiden des Zoologischen Museums der Universitat Upsala. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 21 (4) (6): 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1896">Jäderholm, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, one colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-418.
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FCE4A3E35834F874" bold="true" box="[817,872,1964,1990]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">— F</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD556138FCA2A3E45E47F877" authority="Galea, 2016" authorityName="Galea" authorityYear="2016" box="[887,1307,1963,1989]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tronconica">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD556138FCA2A3E45FD9F877" box="[887,1157,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sertularella tronconica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD556138FB59A3E45E47F877" author="Galea" box="[1164,1307,1963,1989]" firstAuthor="Galea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref37236" refString="Galea H. R. 2016. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 218: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, colony from sample MNHN-IK-2015-419. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 1 cm; C = 2 cm; F = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD52613FFF68A5445987FEC4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A5445A18FE97" blockId="28.[189,324,267,293]" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD52613FFF68A5445A18FE97" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFF68A5445A18FE97" bold="true" box="[189,324,267,293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A5755987FEC4" blockId="28.[189,1398,313,375]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
From the Latin ‘
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFE53A5755903FEE1" box="[390,607,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">oppŏsĭtŭs, -a, -um</emphasis>
’, meaning ‘opposite’, to illustrate the relative position of the two rows of stem apophyses supporting the cladia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD52613FFF68A5D159F7FDE3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A5D15AF6FE0A" blockId="28.[189,426,414,440]" box="[189,426,414,440]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD52613FFF68A5D15AF6FE0A" bold="true" box="[189,426,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFF68A5D15AF6FE0A" bold="true" box="[189,426,414,440]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF3FA5825A00FE55" blockId="28.[189,1399,461,593]" box="[234,348,461,487]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFF3FA5825A00FE55" bold="true" box="[234,348,461,487]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54D2DDE2AD52613FFF3FA5825A00FE55" box="[234,348,461,487]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A5BF59F7FDE3" blockId="28.[189,1399,461,593]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B01691DAD52613FFF68A5BF59F7FDE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2424121609" collectingDate="2016-08-22" collectionCode="PACIFIC, OCEAN" country="New Caledonia" elevation="195" latitude="-22.666666" location="New Caledonia" longLatPrecision="1259" longitude="167.66667" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode id="ED78FB85AD52613FFF68A5BF5AC5FDB8" box="[189,409,496,522]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">PACIFIC OCEAN</collectionCode>
• a
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFE1BA5BF597CFDB8" box="[462,544,496,522]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
high colony without gonothecae, detached from substrate, with mostly only the perisarc left; off
<collectingCountry id="F37E23D0AD52613FFE31A65C59C0FD9F" box="[484,668,531,557]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, stn DW4735;
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D0587AD52613FFC9FA65E58F3FD9F" box="[842,943,529,557]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-22.666666">22°40′ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5D0587AD52613FFC6EA65E5F6EFD9F" box="[955,1074,529,557]" degrees="167" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="167.66667">167°40′ E</geoCoordinate>
; 233–
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFBAEA65C5F99FD9F" box="[1147,1221,531,558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="195.0">
<elevation id="00448473AD52613FFBAEA65C5F99FD9F" box="[1147,1221,531,558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="195.0">195 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFD74580AD52613FFB04A65C5E2EFD9F" box="[1233,1394,531,557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-08-22">
<collectingDate id="EF93BC68AD52613FFB04A65C5E2EFD9F" box="[1233,1394,531,557]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2016-08-22">22 Aug. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
; KANACONO leg.; MNHN-IK-2015-470.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD52613EFF68A6385A1DFC41" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A6385A12FD23" blockId="28.[189,334,631,657]" box="[189,334,631,657]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD52613FFF68A6385A12FD23" bold="true" box="[189,334,631,657]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFF68A6385A12FD23" bold="true" box="[189,334,631,657]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613EFF68A6E95A1DFC41" blockId="28.[189,1399,678,1057]" lastBlockId="29.[189,1399,774,1011]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Colony erect,
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFEB1A6E95AE9FD73" box="[356,437,678,705]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="3.8">3.8 cm</quantity>
high, stiff when out of liquid, arising from creeping, branching hydrorhiza; stem monosiphonic, unbranched, composed of a short (
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFCC7A6865833FD56" box="[786,879,713,740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long), athecate, basal part above the origin from stolon, and a much longer, distal thecate and cladiate part; the latter divided into irregular internodes by means of transverse constrictions of the perisarc; each internode long, composed distally of a pair of axillar hydrothecae above the insertion of two opposite cladia, as well as 0–3 pairs of hydrothecae below; hydrothecae opposite and distant from each one within a pair. No distinct stem apophyses supporting the cladia; successive pairs of cladia distant of
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFD6EA736586AFC26" box="[699,822,889,916]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 mm</quantity>
, depending of the number of intervening pairs of hydrothecae; cladia up to
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD52613FFE37A7D25973FC05" box="[482,559,925,951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
long and comprising up to 16 pairs of successive hydrothecae; divided by transverse nodes, occasionally indistinct, into rather irregular internodes, generally comprising a single pair of hydrothecae distally, although 2–3 of these may occur elsewhere; first, proximal most internode comparatively longer than subsequent ones. Hydrothecae in strictly opposite pairs, not contiguous, though much closer to one another compared with their cauline counterparts; almost tubular, gently curving outwards, deeply immersed into the corresponding internode, leaving 1/6-1/7 of their adaxial wall free; the latter consequently short and distinctly concave; adnate adaxial wall concave; abaxial wall slightly curved outwards, especially distally; margin thickened, provided with two conspicuous, lateral, triangular cusps with rounded tips; opercular apparatus lost. Hydranths badly-preserved, presence of an abaxial gastric diverticulum could not be ascertained. Gonothecae absent. Perisarc of the colony thick and brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1633C8AD52613FFF68A3E35FDAF858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3474327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3474327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3474327/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[328,1231,1138,1899]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD52613FFF68A3E35FDAF858" blockId="28.[189,1398,1964,2026]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFF68A3E35A44F874" bold="true" box="[189,280,1964,1990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD52613FFECAA3E25905F874" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" box="[287,601,1964,1990]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposita" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFECAA3E25956F874" box="[287,522,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dynamena opposita</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD52613FFDB0A3E2599CF875" box="[613,704,1965,1991]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD52613FFD13A3E359A1F874" bold="true" box="[710,765,1964,1990]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A–B</emphasis>
. Distal part of colony showing branching pattern (A), cladial internode with pair of hydrothecae (B). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1633C8AD53613EFF68A54358A9FE94" box="[189,1013,267,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[190,1150,351,715]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A54358A9FE94" blockId="29.[189,1013,267,294]" box="[189,1013,267,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFF68A5435A43FE97" bold="true" box="[189,287,267,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Table 6.</emphasis>
Measurements of
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFE2CA543586FFE97" authority="Galea" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" box="[505,819,267,293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposita" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFE2CA54359B8FE97" box="[505,740,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena opposita</emphasis>
Galea
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD53613EFCEAA54358C0FE94" box="[831,924,268,294]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF6BA5105F2BFD79" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<table id="F96991E0AD539EDCFF6BA5105F22FD79" box="[190,1150,351,715]" colsContinueFrom="26.[189,887,339,761]" gridcols="2" gridrows="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA5105F22FEC5" box="[190,1150,351,375]" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<th id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA5105F22FEC5" box="[190,1150,351,375]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFF6BA5105A65FEC5" bold="true" box="[190,313,351,375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Internodes</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA5CB5F22FE2F" box="[190,1150,388,413]" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA5CB5A85FE2F" box="[190,473,388,413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- cauline, diameter at node</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A5CB5F22FE2F" box="[1042,1150,388,413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">210–405</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA5E75F22FE70" box="[190,1150,424,450]" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA5E75A85FE70" box="[190,473,424,450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- 1st cladial, length</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A5E75F22FE70" box="[1042,1150,424,450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">860–1310</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA59F5F22FE5A" box="[190,1150,464,488]" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA59F5A85FE5A" box="[190,473,464,488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- ordinary cladial, length</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A59F5F22FE5A" box="[1042,1150,464,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">590–870</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA5B95F22FDBC" box="[190,1150,502,526]" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA5B95A85FDBC" box="[190,473,502,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- cladia, diameter at node</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A5B95F22FDBC" box="[1042,1150,502,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">100–195</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA6535F22FD86" box="[190,1150,540,564]" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA6535F22FD86" box="[190,1150,540,564]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFF6BA6535A18FD86" bold="true" box="[190,324,540,564]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hydrotheca</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA60E5F22FDEB" box="[190,1150,577,601]" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA60E5A85FDEB" box="[190,473,577,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- free adaxial wall</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A60E5F22FDEB" box="[1042,1150,577,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">75–100</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA6285F22FDCD" box="[190,1150,615,639]" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA6285A85FDCD" box="[190,473,615,639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- adnate adaxial wall</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A6285F22FDCD" box="[1042,1150,615,639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">435–465</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA6C25F22FD17" box="[190,1150,653,677]" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA6C25A85FD17" box="[190,473,653,677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- abaxial wall</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A6C25F22FD17" box="[1042,1150,653,677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">325–340</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35596102AD539EDCFF6BA6FC5F22FD79" box="[190,1150,691,715]" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFF6BA6FC5A85FD79" box="[190,473,691,715]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">- diameter at rim</td>
<td id="7688087EAD539EDCFBC7A6FC5F22FD79" box="[1042,1150,691,715]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">135–140</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD53613EFF68A054599EF991" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A0545A73FB87" blockId="29.[189,303,1051,1077]" box="[189,303,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD53613EFF68A0545A73FB87" bold="true" box="[189,303,1051,1077]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFF68A0545A73FB87" bold="true" box="[189,303,1051,1077]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A0065A2DFB1B" blockId="29.[189,1399,1097,1193]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFE89A0065999FBD1" author="Galea &amp; Ferry" box="[348,709,1097,1124]" firstAuthor="Galea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="213 - 246" refId="ref37287" refString="Galea H. R. &amp; Ferry R. 2015. Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue suisse de Zoologie 122 (2): 213 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 29998" type="journal article" year="2015">Galea &amp; Ferry (2015: 230–231</bibRefCitation>
, table 2), only two nominal species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFB54A0055E5CFBD1" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[1153,1280,1098,1123]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFB54A0055E5CFBD1" box="[1153,1280,1098,1123]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Dynamena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described so far form pinnate colonies with opposite cladia, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFC55A0225FF6FB34" authority="(Fraser, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[896,1194,1132,1158]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anceps">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFC55A02258A4FB34" box="[896,1016,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D. anceps</emphasis>
(Fraser, 1938)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFB3CA0225A31FB1B" authority="Stechow, 1920" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1920" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFB3CA0225E2BFB34" box="[1257,1399,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D. japonica</emphasis>
Stechow, 1920
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A09E5FBDFAE7" blockId="29.[189,1399,1233,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Through the courtesy of D. Geiger of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH), CA,
<collectingCountry id="F37E23D0AD53613EFF22A0BB5A69FABC" box="[247,309,1268,1294]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">USA</collectingCountry>
, one of us (H.R.G.) was able to see several macrophotographs of the lecto- and one of the
<typeStatus id="54D2DDE2AD53613EFF68A1585A3AFA83" box="[189,358,1303,1329]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFE47A1575955FA83" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[402,521,1304,1329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anceps">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFE47A1575955FA83" box="[402,521,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D. anceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, demonstrating that it is a much slenderer species, with hydrothecae free from their corresponding internodes for a much longer portion than in
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFC2DA1745F23FAE6" authority="Galea &amp; Schuchert, 2019" authorityName="Galea &amp; Schuchert" authorityYear="2019" box="[1016,1151,1339,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="opposite" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFC2DA1745F23FAE6" box="[1016,1151,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D. opposite</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E0229AD53613EFB53A1745FBDFAE7" box="[1158,1249,1339,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A133599EF991" blockId="29.[189,1399,1404,1571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Unlike the new species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFE09A1325934FA24" authorityName="Stechow" authorityYear="1920" box="[476,616,1405,1430]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Dynamena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFE09A1325934FA24" box="[476,616,1405,1430]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">D. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a large hydroid (colonies reaching as much as
<quantity id="4C91CEA5AD53613EFB78A1335FAAFA24" box="[1197,1270,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
in height), with thick and brown perisarc (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFDE4A1D05981FA08" author="Hirohito" box="[561,733,1439,1466]" firstAuthor="Hirohito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref37719" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The Hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory: 1 - 244. Imperial Household, Tokyo." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
), with cladia separated by 2–8 pairs of hydrothecae, the latter being closely approximated on both stems and cladia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFC54A18D5F70FA6F" author="Hirohito" box="[897,1068,1474,1501]" firstAuthor="Hirohito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref37719" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The Hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory: 1 - 244. Imperial Household, Tokyo." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFBECA18D5FBFFA6E" author="Stechow" box="[1081,1251,1474,1500]" firstAuthor="Stechow" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref39686" refString="Stechow E. 1913. Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. In: F. Doflein, Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplementband zu den Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 3 (2): 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11621" type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFAC5A18D5ABFF9B2" authority="(Pallas, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="articulata">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFAC5A18D5A6DFA4D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thuiaria articulata</emphasis>
(Pallas, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFE27A1AA5995FA4D" author="Park &amp; Rho" box="[498,713,1509,1536]" firstAuthor="Park" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref38730" refString="Park J. H. &amp; Rho B. J. 1986. A systematic study on the marine hydroids in Korea. 9. The family Sertulariidae. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 1: 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1986">Park &amp; Rho 1986</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFD2FA1A958D7FA4D" box="[762,907,1509,1535]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="articulate">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFD2FA1A958D7FA4D" box="[762,907,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">T. articulate</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, its hydrothecae are bigger, having notably a wider rim (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFDDFA24659EAF991" author="Hirohito" box="[522,694,1544,1571]" firstAuthor="Hirohito" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref37719" refString="Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. 1995. The Hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Thecata. Publications of the Biological Laboratory: 1 - 244. Imperial Household, Tokyo." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37330CBAD53613EFF68A205588DF967" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A2055A0AF9D6" blockId="29.[189,342,1610,1636]" box="[189,342,1610,1636]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D09ED42CAD53613EFF68A2055A0AF9D6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1610,1636]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFF68A2055A0AF9D6" bold="true" box="[189,342,1610,1636]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFF68A236586FF926" blockId="29.[189,819,1657,1684]" box="[189,819,1657,1684]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Only known from off
<collectingCountry id="F37E23D0AD53613EFE15A2365929F921" box="[448,629,1657,1683]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD66340AD53613EFDB7A2F5588DF967" blockId="29.[610,977,1722,1749]" box="[610,977,1722,1749]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6918C3AD53613EFD60A2F5588DF967" authority="Billard, 1925" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1925" box="[693,977,1722,1749]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Geminella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91DBF52AD53613EFD60A2F55873F966" box="[693,815,1722,1748]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Geminella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF81EB1AD53613EFCE3A2F5588DF967" author="Billard" box="[822,977,1722,1749]" firstAuthor="Billard" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="117 - 232" refId="ref36347" refString="Billard A. 1925. Les hydroides de l'expedition du Siboga. II. Syntheciide et Sertulariidae. Siboga- Expeditie 7 b: 117 - 232." type="journal article" year="1925">Billard, 1925</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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