299 lines
36 KiB
XML
299 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E3AAA0606EEFDE7963C1B62005460D98">DNA barcoding as a screening tool for cryptic diversity: an example from Caryocolum, with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E1A2BE0EDABAA0D4631294AA0ACE1AEA">Huemer, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="070CFE4CB4C16106D260E7CBD493ACF0">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66358D98543F9173A10C5D2EE36DE591">Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B9202903F27897C8721288CE1360E84B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052733" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9202903F27897C8721288CE1360E84B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9202903F27897C8721288CE1360E84B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="D1CA8040CD42F21C66FF4DB7F2DBDE6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DB7CFD9D7F144F3A9ED25A4E57FCE259" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="0E16380680D7CA5198739309BDF60C3C" ID-CoL="RJ43" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Caryocolum_amaurella" authority="Hering, 1924" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella (Hering, 1924)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 4-5, 8-9, 12-13, 16-17
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B0BE4A8EFFDFD8959309011323EABA1C" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="62B837C8BFC50509ABDB8CF92D41239A" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="CD4C2B1820EFAAC1DDA1D7EF15894C8E" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Lita amaurella</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA6E23F8D8B0FA9822BBF0D03C6FC2CE" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="75 - 84" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Microlepidopteren-Fauna Finlands." volume="4" year="1924">Hering 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 82, Figs 11-12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCA1C6BB342F067A9D679ABC0EFA2864" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="4AA2B7B6144AB4523222768A83BD4F65" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita viscariae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viscariae">Lita viscariae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="E5BE523EDB627601BF3DAE8D5385294C" author="Schuetze, KT" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" pagination="171 - 175" title="Lita viscariae n. sp." volume="40" year="1926">
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<normalizedToken id="5B4262989FC248E5864825319E49E37B" originalValue="Schütze">Schuetze</normalizedToken>
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1926
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 171.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2FEB5878B224336AA6AA61B1F37896FA" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="5" pageNumber="96" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="B68378FEC83F13959EFC4AE995A9663A" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="76C6C75A761611E8009161F3B51B09E7" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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Lectotype ♂[with nine labels]: 'Fennia Ab
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<normalizedToken id="E207DCF71809ACB0D194103FA21AAD46" originalValue="Bromarf’">Bromarf'</normalizedToken>
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'R. F:
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<normalizedToken id="08D1706947FD09E9F681739ACE8E7D3E" originalValue="tius’">tius'</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="FB0F2E33DF5AA5DE50CDDE1975C7ED16" originalValue="‘21.7.21’">'21.7.21'</normalizedToken>
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[piece of celluloid where genitalia was mounted] 'Type ♂' [red] 'Lita amaurella m. det. Mart. Hering ♂' 'Mus. Zool. H:fors spec. typ. No 7016 Lita amaurella
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<normalizedToken id="AC705431F4334A64B618BA5DD6E430C5" originalValue="Hering’">Hering'</normalizedToken>
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'Lita amaurella m. ♂ Sch.-Armatur Bromarf 21.7.21
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<normalizedToken id="A4E124637FC8FDD4BA855BF8E225AA67" originalValue="Fabritius’">Fabritius'</normalizedToken>
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'LECTOTYPE O. Karsholt design.'.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0FD844D645C8C6C0404726BF243D99D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="5" pageNumber="96">
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Finland: 1 ♂, Ab, Naantali, 25.8.1965, leg. Karvonen, slide Karsholt 2719; 2 ♂, N,
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<normalizedToken id="9D1512CAC71AD58120ACDA26264AD8C0" originalValue="Ekenäs">Ekenaes</normalizedToken>
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, 17.-20.7.1980, leg. Fibiger; 1 ♂, N, Helsinki, 25.7.1982, leg. Schnack; 1 ♂, N,
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<normalizedToken id="3D372B60CDE090F21B7FC873C8F22659" originalValue="Borgå">Borga</normalizedToken>
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lk., Tirmo, 19-20.7.1980, leg. Fibiger; 5 ♂, same data, but 1.-2.8.1982, leg. Schnack; 2 ♂, U, Sluntle, 18.-31.7.1982, leg. Karsholt (all ZMUC); 6 ♂, 5 ♀, U, Porvoo, 6698:3426
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<normalizedToken id="732527EA6DB48BB6EFD8F77CE511ADA1" originalValue="Ånäs">Anaes</normalizedToken>
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, e.l. 2012 (
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<taxonomicName id="BF60D2F71EAC382CA6BCE63A44F3E601" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Lychnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lychnis viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">
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<pageBreakToken id="95AB37C6B61428AB2AC44053C8BEAE9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" start="start">Lychnis</pageBreakToken>
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viscaria
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</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Hirvonen (ZMUO); 4 ♂, V,
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<normalizedToken id="399AC9A339A6981D9AF414689D254BBF" originalValue="Dragsfjärd">Dragsfjaerd</normalizedToken>
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, 664:3249, 2008, leg. Mutanen &
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<normalizedToken id="758A4D60E2469685FD943994285C5694" originalValue="Välimäki">Vaelimaeki</normalizedToken>
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(ZMUO); 1 ♂, U, Hanko, 6642:3289, 2007, leg. Mutanen &
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<normalizedToken id="81BF6986F3E2DE466B5BBB089261D701" originalValue="Välimäki">Vaelimaeki</normalizedToken>
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(ZMUO). Sweden: 2 ♂, Sk, Maglehen, 10.7.1965, leg. Svensson (TLMF, ZMUC); 1 ♂, Sm,
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<normalizedToken id="11C25C1B4B57758A13625322AB17AFE2" originalValue="Högsby">Hoegsby</normalizedToken>
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, 13.7.1968, leg. Johansson; 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="25D8020427BE69C935F7731F7BA93A7D" originalValue="Öl">Oel</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="3FBB801A541D835D7D830BFC5E080C76" originalValue="Ödeshög">Oedeshoeg</normalizedToken>
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, 17.7.1972, leg. Karsholt, slide Karsholt 1806; 1 ♂, St. Alvar,
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<normalizedToken id="6CFF9B164DFF4128AFB78CA73BE97466" originalValue="Tornrör">Tornroer</normalizedToken>
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, 25.7.1997, leg. Hendriksen, slide Hendriksen 1953; 2 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="FC2D1B488E07494B2BD81285BA2D79F7" originalValue="Öl">Oel</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="F197D92F5777BBF6EB51095155C06EA4" originalValue="Gårdby">Gardby</normalizedToken>
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, 2.8.1999, leg. Hendriksen, slide Hendriksen 2411, 2415; 1 ♂, same data, but 22.7.2000; 1 ♂, Gtl., Hejnum
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<normalizedToken id="90DC4FD8B3A7154CF96DB746B6ED5BFE" originalValue="Häller">Haeller</normalizedToken>
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, 30.7.1977, leg. Hendriksen, slide Hendriksen 1944; 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="901DD2187E738B51974B72A5C026DC8F" originalValue="Ög">Oeg</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="C9EBBF9DA89D14FF81037D881D3D2C50" originalValue="Ödeshög">Oedeshoeg</normalizedToken>
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, 17.7.1972, leg. Karsholt; Upl., Film, 12.7.1995, leg. Hendriksen (all ZMUC). Norway: 2 ♂, On, Vinstra, 19.-29.7.1983, leg. Karsholt & Michelsen, slide Karsholt 4294, 4295; 2 ♀, same data, but 4.-5.7.1987, leg. Karsholt, slide Hendriksen 2099; 2 ♂, same data, but 9.8.1996, leg. Hendriksen (all ZMUC). Denmark: 1 ♂, Bornholm,
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<normalizedToken id="2AFF3240D0FEC1AF94BDF0186F454560" originalValue="Rø">Ro</normalizedToken>
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, 7.1892, leg. Gudmann, slide Wolff 2593; 5 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but 28.7.1978, leg. Schnack, slide Schnack 1118; 1 ♂, Bornholm, Gudhjem, 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 29.6-3.7.1920, leg. Gudmann, slide Wolff 2625, 3682; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, but e.l. 5.1921 (
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<taxonomicName id="4E60FE43588ED76266C504C7A8D04650" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Lychnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lychnis viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">Lychnis viscaria</taxonomicName>
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), bred 21. & 28.6.1921, leg. Gudmann, slide Wolff 3681(all ZMUC); 6 ♂, 8 ♀, Bornholm, Hammeren, 18.7.1977, leg. Karsholt & Schnack, slide Hendriksen 1767, Karsholt 2948 TLMF, ZMUC); 2 ♂, same data, but 25.7.1977, leg. Schnack; 4 ♂, same data, but 16. -25.7.1978, leg. Schnack; 4 ♂, same data, but 19.-22.7.1979, leg. Hendriksen; 6 ♂, same data, but 29 -30.7.1981, leg. Hendriksen, slide Hendriksen 385, 561, 722; Bornholm,
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<normalizedToken id="4AFE2630FA66C7C6F26A9D3DE54978F9" originalValue="Randkløve">Randklove</normalizedToken>
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, 1 ♂, 22.7.1977, leg. Schnack; Bornholm, 1 ♀, Ringe Bakker, 16.7.1978, leg. Schnack (all ZMUC). Germany: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Lausitz, Umg. Bautzen, e.l. 1935 (
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<taxonomicName id="CACBE2AB027658635B430B29F037B352" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Lychnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lychnis viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">Lychnis viscaria</taxonomicName>
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), leg. Starke (BMNH); 2 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="D5A055AAA7AB050CB2C6EAF197245EB6" originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
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, Bad Blankenburg, 14.7.1964, leg. Steuer (TLMF); 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="BA71152AEF4AE07FE6D00CA74C0DE179" originalValue="Thüringen">Thueringen</normalizedToken>
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, Bad Blankenburg, 8.7.1972, leg. Steuer (TLMF). France: 2 ♂, Alpes Maritimes, Col de la Cayolle, 2200-2300 m, 29.-30.7.2005, leg. Skou, slide Hendriksen 5364 (ZMUC). Austria: 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="A5FD99C949075EF78BF2F04B6BD34DE1" originalValue="Niederösterreich">Niederoesterreich</normalizedToken>
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, Jauerling, 24.7.1935 (TLMF); 2 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="D449B49A6ADFE4EC15160AD5102389E4" originalValue="Oberösterreich">Oberoesterreich</normalizedToken>
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, Windischgarsten, Veichltal, 23.7.1976, leg. Wimmer (TLMF); 1 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="1794F20BAA0D18AD8006B6247B934819" originalValue="Oberösterreich">Oberoesterreich</normalizedToken>
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, Waldhausen, Schwarzenberg, 6.8.1997, leg. Wimmer (TLMF); 9 ♂,
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<normalizedToken id="E8BE35B2B71E01263E937BEC2D549485" originalValue="Kärnten">Kaernten</normalizedToken>
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, St. Jakob im Lesachtal, Mussen E, 1680-1800 m, 4.8.1999, leg. Huemer & Erlebach (TLMF). Slovakia: 1 ♀,
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<normalizedToken id="D45261E0EF904A25659D26198828ABC7" originalValue="Pol’ana">Pol'ana</normalizedToken>
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, 28.7.1989, leg. Patocka (ZMUC). Macedonia: 4 ♂, NP Mavrovo, Korab, Korabska jezero, Kobilino pole, 2080-2180 m, 28.7.-1.8.2011, leg. Huemer & Tarmann (TLMF). Turkey: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, prov. Sivas, 10 km W
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<normalizedToken id="8925E899DFA81202940B2358C82ACA80" originalValue="Görün">Goeruen</normalizedToken>
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, 1650 m, 27.7.1989, leg. Esser & Fibiger, slide Huemer GU 90/130, GU 91/215; 4 ♂, prov. Erzerum, Kop Pass, 1750 m, 15.-16.9.1993, leg. Fibiger, slide Hendriksen 2889, 2894; 1 ♂, prov. Erzincan,
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<normalizedToken id="8DA7A8F60DD2A14BD821940D69344606" originalValue="Kizildaĝ">Kizildaĝ</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="8D5ED1945EE2373AAD70BF542BAA86F2" originalValue="Geçidi">Gecidi</normalizedToken>
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, 2100 m, 19.8.1993, leg. Schepler, slide Hendriksen 2384 (all ZMUC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2AAE9C62AEEB28FFC204784D43A797CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E0A5263BAC2C458B8CADDC52C9A87001" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E841E188F8E2733787983209C643F314" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">See above.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2D2F111CF65EAF795D8BCAAAF166354" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9FE868CEC3EED27E3B7400DEBCEBDB2A" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16872F7C1AC130546AD456203FB7E392" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Adult (Figs 4-5). Wingspan 10-14 mm. Segment 2 of labial palpus bone-white on inner and upper surface, blackish grey on outer and lower surface; segment 3 almost black with light tip. Antenna black, indistinctly lighter ringed. Head with light yellow frons and black neck; thorax and tegula black mottled with brown. Forewing blackish grey mottled with some light brown; base black; two indistinct black spots in fold; one oblique spot above it and one in cell; some white scales before and after these spots; costal and tornal spot small, white, rarely fused. Hindwing light grey.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9412AF0C3B4D47FACA65CD6E3A0FE12C" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Variation. The colour of the forewings varies from greyish to blackish. Worn specimens look lighter than fresh ones. Sometimes there are no white scales in the middle of the wing.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C5E2B0D765398B23E76F6A50091B24DE" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Male genitalia (Figs 8-9, 12-13). Uncus subovate; tegumen stout; transtilla membranous; valva short, moderately stout, apex rounded; sacculus short, with angular ventral and convex dorsal margin, apically pointed; posterior margin of vinculum with deep medial emargination and slight medial incision, two pairs of short processes developed; saccus long, comparatively broad at base, distal part gradually tapered; phallus long and slender, weakly curved, with some minute cornuti apically.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="029B02B70C6D8D040B1FEB341DEEAD0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">Female genitalia (Figs 16-17). Segment VIII without processes, subgenital plate sub-triangular, with numerous narrow folds, separated from sclerotized lateral plates by membranous zone; apophysis anterior slightly longer than segment VIII; antrum moderately short, about one-third to one-quarter length of apophysis anterior, broadly funnel-shaped; posterior part of ductus bursae with pair of lateral sclerites, extending to anterior third of apophysis anterior, and with two tiny sclerites anteriorly; signum with crescent-shaped base, short and stout, strongly bent hook.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B82EC1E58109A4B2A6C49E1A0D5DE46E" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="A39368B7C8552B9C8C45FE9C7B43EB57" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 8-9. Male genitalia. 8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A733FC2BCB9D851367C31A40A64338C4" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hering), Finland, slide GU 14/1373 P.Huemer; 9
|
||
<taxonomicName id="550BF645420D5BE72F76F82398EF9FD4" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Finland, slide GU 14/1374 P.Huemer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="817DCA48FA75C31C7EBA80FC457106EA" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="73DC1FBE6A0B26AA1152A46B10A05D5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 10-13. Details of male genitalia (vinculum-valva-complex). 10
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89A52154A517395CD3DFB89F918E9CAC" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Italy, slide GU 86/041 P.Huemer 11
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61737C87269C4CBD3E8951568A81E279" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1215 P.Huemer 12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E29FEF320BF1C018EEDE0B25606EEFD0" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Finland, slide GU 14/1373 P.Huemer 13
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B69B7FDEA94D738FB5E3082295DB9B3C" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Finland, slide GU 14/1374 P.Huemer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="08FFBDF39C496C448F5D1AD40E3E0253" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="A346A6B9C15516973748DC831ECA87E0" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 14-15. Female genitalia. 14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9460C29B123D37A528A2BD4B1B0EBA0" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., holotype, slide GEL 1234 P.Huemer 15
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB579A9DAB02BDD45FCFD0BC00DC088E" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., paratype, Italy, slide GEL 1232 P.Huemer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C32DDA44112FD4FBE5A542C8AD1D06CB" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph id="706DC97BDC1EF94392C3CEB736C30E14" pageId="6" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 16-17. Female genitalia. 16
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49ECECECA9AF67A1458898691CB7C5CC" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Finland, slide GU 14/1372 P.Huemer 17
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78ACF2894D5EA15E2FAE362326FD2FA1" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Finland, slide GU 14/1371 P.Huemer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F186445A0662ECE18B31E222A1B2A9BA" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="6289281BC0C7DC8F95667F8C8D7B2581" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" start="start">Molecular</pageBreakToken>
|
||
data. The intraspecific divergence of the barcode region is high with mean intraspecific divergence of 3.01% and maximum intraspecific divergence of 4.62% (n=9). The distance to the nearest neighbour
|
||
<taxonomicName id="791248B3067288BCC54FEFA70A69E000" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum mucronatella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mucronatella">Caryocolum mucronatella</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 5.21%, the divergence to the morphologically closest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1590C67C851F69B072157474824E28D1" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 6.82%. The extraordinary high intraspecific divergence with 4 haplotypes is partially related to geographical pattern. However, we also found two haplotypes within one population in Finland and morphology does not support cryptic diversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="42052B614E56FEC15EC81D8F578C049D" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0032DFCC364EAF83E0417C6F1D50B83C" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="447EFD6FF6C5940492461CF19E4A895A" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
With certainty known from scattered records from northern and Central Europe and Turkey. All the specimens from north of the Alps that we have been able to cross-check are correctly attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B28D9CD7FACF112AD0D97F3C36CF41B9" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, recent records from Ukraine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F08DFAE0F89876166AC18FFA477A4206" author="Bidzilya, AV" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings Zoological Museum Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University" pageId="9" pageNumber="100" pagination="14 - 28" title="New records of Microlepidoptera from Ukraine." volume="5" year="2009">Bidzilya and Budashkin 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Russia (southern Ural Mountains) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A63712EFBE1807A5423FDBDFC536313E" author="Junnilainen, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 68" title="The gelechiid fauna of the Southern Ural Mountains, part II: list of recorded species with taxonomical notes (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." volume="2367" year="2010">Junnilainen et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have to be re-examined due to a possible mix-up with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C818B0CD5BC2702D105FB8A2BC695AE" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Records from Switzerland are dubious, and at least in one instance refer to the new species, whereas those from France (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B3070EC6E803804AC44FF4BA57B7E47F" author="Nel, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" pagination="81 - 86" title="Microlepidopteres nouveaux ou rarement signales de la fauna de France (Lepidoptera)." volume="108" year="2003">Nel 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are confirmed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="202B75F6FF136E4626428DCF0CD2D4DB" author="Huemer, P" editor="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" title="Gelechiidae II (Gelechiinae: Gnorimoschemini." volumeTitle="Microlepidoptera of Europe" year="2010">Huemer and Karsholt 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 154c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0DF544A1139003BC96DD0AA2DF403A5" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Bionomics. The larva has been recorded feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD30CEAD77674ECBEB9039DAEB6934C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">Silene viscaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Jess (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C678D37D349C0CE9448B511E6CADBF0A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Lychnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lychnis viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">Lychnis viscaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="744F129C334C81E4F680A83EBAA9EF98" genus="Caryophyllaceae" lsidName="Caryophyllaceae" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" rank="genus">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E528524FDDAF598514367D32EF6471F3" author="Huemer, P" editor="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" title="Gelechiidae II (Gelechiinae: Gnorimoschemini." volumeTitle="Microlepidoptera of Europe" year="2010">Huemer and Karsholt 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while the other stated host-plants, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7AAFDEFB610F742B29E7CA6F025099F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene otites" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="otites">Silene otites</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Wibel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F1B10B79D4043980BA9E61C9370C2A49" author="Burmann, K" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des naturwissenschaftlich-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck" pageId="9" pageNumber="100" pagination="171 - 184" title="Beitraege zur Microlepidopteren-Fauna Tirols. XIV. Caryocolum Gregor & Povolny, 1954 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)." volume="77" year="1990">Burmann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA1294E46BA2D9F2F0017075711A3B8E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene nutans" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">Silene nutans</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A07C257C3A3D802E2A306A8F5B29553" author="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="37 - 40" title="Bemerkenswerte Funde von Caryocolum-Arten aus den Suedalpen und dem Mediterraneum (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae)." volume="38" year="1989 a">Huemer 1989a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B52E22A3F7E9A55BED2C2585C8E81AF" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D81BCBC16274B46431DCF88EB724D16F" author="Schuetze, KT" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" pagination="171 - 175" title="Lita viscariae n. sp." volume="40" year="1926">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F7B8F1E75710AEBF3A7144A649340D9" originalValue="Schütze">Schuetze</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1926
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F176EA39F0927D1ED7D87AE63282D024" author="Schuetze, KT" journalOrPublisher="Frankfurt / Main" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" title="Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung ihrer Naehrpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) gives a detailed account of the life-history. The larva feeds in April and May in the young terminal leaves which are - without spinning - attached to a tube where the larva is hidden. Dark frass is frequently extruded at the tip of the larval dwelling. Later it bores into the stem and the shoots often become swollen and stunted. Pupation takes place on the ground in a cocoon among debris. The adult occurs from late June to early September and it is attracted to light.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21A88BE792A9E3ACE7A0E850269EA4D0" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to warm and sunny habitats such as dry meadows and pastures. Vertical distribution: from lowland localities to about 2200 m in the Alps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F1753ADA2312F4312000638D8196C1E" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="44F7E926022B9707C915DEF171759934" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C6A3449F29F3DF0364E8A282F8C36A16" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2AE33EAC701673EDA3586BE46BD7C9F" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Lita amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from an unspecified number of specimens of both sexes ('♂, ♀') from Finland (Bromarf) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAAAF5019AA659D6F86A23B04463D10B" author="Hering, EM" journalOrPublisher="Notulae Entomologicae" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="75 - 84" title="Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Microlepidopteren-Fauna Finlands." volume="4" year="1924">Hering 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In order to stabilize nomenclature, a male, labelled as type, in ZMUH is here designated as lectotype (see data above).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F49A038178B9E53863DB0966F3F6C716" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Lita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lita viscariae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viscariae">Lita viscariae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 67 specimens reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B2675F58C36AF6BC1248BFD0A7FE2B5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene viscaria" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscaria">Silene viscaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Eastern Germany (near Rachlau) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="117687F746D6EF6DC6CA03171EB66558" author="Schuetze, KT" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris" pageId="11" pageNumber="102" pagination="171 - 175" title="Lita viscariae n. sp." volume="40" year="1926">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A9D2DFE4B36506E65DBE86569242FA7E" originalValue="Schütze">Schuetze</normalizedToken>
|
||
1926
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No type material was traced during this and earlier studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BFC62E28A096D9A42A03F98EB26808C8" author="Huemer, P" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology)" pageId="10" pageNumber="101" pagination="439 - 571" title="A taxonomic revision ofCaryocolum (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)." volume="57" year="1988">Huemer 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the original descriptions and topotypical material leave no doubt about the identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9DB5D0F48C364C659BBC0A949B4F6898" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Turkish specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F378B30C5AAE98C4ACE690C9060E727" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined by us differ from European specimens of this species by the thorax with rusty brown posterior part and the rusty brown tegulae with blackish brown base, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="394F898E5F7E0A2DA0674E52E0811B38" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum crypticum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Caryocolum crypticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and they are thus hardly separable from the latter on external characters. The genitalia of both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="436E67DEB43239532BACCD3F97C91320" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Turkey agree in all details with those of European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A8BA92BA08522D7F189C691981CFA83" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, because no contradicting genetic data is currently available, we consider them as belonging to that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BAF3A7A12BB5234995B6FBA46A4EEFA7" pageId="7" pageNumber="98">
|
||
One of the examined specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45C5995602BAE5EE11F27C77CCAD1563" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum amaurella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaurella">Caryocolum amaurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Turkey was collected in the same locality (Kizildaĝ
|
||
<normalizedToken id="745AE02A9088F01737C6C7B35173AF06" originalValue="Geçidi">Gecidi</normalizedToken>
|
||
, prov. Erzincan) as a specimen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A72A86D86B69BDD5F076EE0F440A2E90" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Caryocolum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryocolum iranicum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranicum">Caryocolum iranicum</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ZMUC. The latter species, which is only known from a few specimens, differs, as stated above, in characters of the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |