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<mods:title id="4266E0CC8ECCFF044D1C580A626C868D">On the identities of the highland vampire crabs, Geosesarma foxi (Kemp, 1918) and G. serenei Ng, 1986, with description of a new phytotelmic species from Penang, Peninsular Malaysia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BE6193EFFBFFF90A6250A117D08FDA0" blockId="1.[302,607,541,565]" box="[302,607,541,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<heading id="D0AEAE52FFBFFF90A6250A117D08FDA0" bold="true" box="[302,607,541,565]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6250A117D08FDA0" ID-CoL="7P3H8" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[302,607,541,565]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6250A117D08FDA0" bold="true" box="[302,607,541,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6250A117EE2FDA0" bold="true" box="[302,437,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6ED0A117D08FDA0" author="Man JG De" box="[486,607,541,565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref9209" refString="Man JG De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch OstIndien, 2: 265 - 527." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="54E2A79CFFBFFF90A7830A517F95FDE0" box="[136,194,605,629]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6220A527F97FD00" ID-CoL="84HBY" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Sesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nodulifera" subGenus="Geosesarma">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6220A527ED2FDE0" box="[297,389,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Sesarma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A69C0A527D4BFDE0" box="[407,540,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A5250A517DCAFDE0" box="[558,669,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">nodulifera</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5C40A527F97FD00" author="Man JG De" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref9209" refString="Man JG De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch OstIndien, 2: 265 - 527." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6F80A717D89FD00" author="Serene R &amp; Soh CL" box="[499,734,637,661]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="387 - 416" refId="ref10285" refString="Serene R &amp; Soh CL (1970) New Indo-Pacific genera allied to Sesarma Say, 1877 (Brachyura, Decapoda, Crustacea). Treubia, 27 (4): 387 - 416." type="journal article" year="1970">Serène &amp; Soh (1970)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3434AB5FFBFFF90A7830AB17EB8F900" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE6193EFFBFFF90A7830AB17EE9FBA0" blockId="1.[136,775,701,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A7830AB17FADFD40" bold="true" box="[136,250,701,725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Remarks.</emphasis>
Members of
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6920AB27D81FD40" authority="De Man, 1892" authorityName="De Man" authorityYear="1892" box="[409,726,701,725]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6920AB27D74FD40" box="[409,547,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma</emphasis>
De
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5530AB27D81FD40" author="Man JG De" box="[600,726,701,725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="265 - 527" refId="ref9209" refString="Man JG De (1892) Decapoden des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in Niederlandisch OstIndien, 2: 265 - 527." type="journal article" year="1892">Man, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are popularly known as “vampire crabs” because of the bright yellow eyes of a number of species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A55A0AF17E06FCA0" author="Rademacher M &amp; Mengedoht O" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" refId="ref10138" refString="Rademacher M &amp; Mengedoht O (2011) Krabben-Fibel. Die schonsten Krabben fur das Aquaterrarium. Dahne Verlag, Ettlingen, Germany, 95 pp." type="book" year="2011">Rademacher &amp; Mengedoht, 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6540B127D47FCA0" author="Ng PKL &amp; Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C" box="[351,528,797,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref9929" refString="Ng PKL, Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C (2015) New species of &quot; vampire crabs &quot; (Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from central Java, Indonesia, and the identity of Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera De Man, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Thoracotremata, Sesarmidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63: 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="2015">Ng et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The genus currently contains 58 species (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6750B327D4EFCC0" author="Ng PKL &amp; Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF" box="[382,537,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref9643" refString="Ng PKL, Guinot D &amp; Davie PJF (2008) Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 17: 1 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Ng et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5290B317C54FCC0" author="Schubart CD &amp; Ng PKL" box="[546,771,829,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="615 - 619" refId="ref10201" refString="Schubart CD &amp; Ng PKL (2014) Two new species of land-dwelling crabs of the genus Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Thoracotremata: Sesarmidae) from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62: 615 - 619." type="journal article" year="2014">Schubart &amp; Ng, 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Ng, 2015;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A7F60B527EF3FCE0" author="Ng PKL &amp; Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C" box="[253,420,861,886]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="3 - 13" refId="ref9929" refString="Ng PKL, Schubart CD &amp; Lukhaup C (2015) New species of &quot; vampire crabs &quot; (Geosesarma De Man, 1892) from central Java, Indonesia, and the identity of Sesarma (Geosesarma) nodulifera De Man, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Thoracotremata, Sesarmidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 63: 3 - 13." type="journal article" year="2015">Ng et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6BA0B517D8EFCE0" author="Manuel-Santos MR &amp; Ng PKL &amp; Freitag H" box="[433,729,861,885]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="335 - 342" refId="ref9234" refString="Manuel-Santos MR, Ng PKL &amp; Freitag H (2016) Two new species of Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from Palawan, the Philippines. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 64: 335 - 342." type="journal article" year="2016">Manuel-Santos et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5EE0B527E1BFC00" author="Ng PKL &amp; Lemaitre R" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="475 - 483" refId="ref9683" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Lemaitre R (2017) On the taxonomy of two poorly known species of Geosesarma De Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from the Philippines. Zootaxa, 4250 (5): 475 - 483." type="journal article" year="2017">Ng &amp; Lemaitre, 2017</bibRefCitation>
); almost all of which are semiterestrial in habits, living in and around freshwater habitats in Southeast Asia. They are regarded as secondary freshwater crabs by some authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6380BD17EA3FC60" author="Yeo DCJ &amp; Ng PKL &amp; Cumberlidge N &amp; Magalhaes C &amp; Daniels SR &amp; Campos MR" box="[307,500,989,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="275 - 286" refId="ref10493" refString="Yeo DCJ, Ng PKL, Cumberlidge N, Magalhaes C, Daniels SR &amp; Campos MR (2008) Global diversity of crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in freshwater. In: Balian EV, Leveque C, Segers H &amp; Martens K (eds.) Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia, 595: 275 - 286." type="journal article" year="2008">Yeo et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
) although most species have large eggs and practice completely abbreviated larval development (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6420C127EE5FBA0" author="Ng PKL" box="[329,434,1053,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref9367" refString="Ng PKL (1988) The Freshwater Crabs of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Shinglee Press, pp. i - viii, 1 - 156, figs. 1 - 63, 4 colour pls." type="journal article" year="1988">Ng, 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2649B6FFBFFF90A4480B1C7A4FFCCA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5356016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5356016" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5356016/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" startId="1.[835,870,784,806]" targetBox="[827,1471,189,768]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE6193EFFBFFF90A4480B1C7A4FFCCA" blockId="1.[835,1476,784,863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A4800B1C7B97FCB3" authority="(Kemp, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[907,1216,784,806]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A4800B1C7B79FCB0" box="[907,1070,784,805]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma foxi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A3370B1C7BEEFCB3" author="Kemp S" box="[1084,1209,784,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="217 - 297" refId="ref9114" refString="Kemp S (1918) Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6: 217 - 297." type="journal article" year="1918">Kemp, 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, lectotype male (9.8 × 9.8 mm), Gunung Raya, Langkawi (after
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A3BC0B217A63FCD7" author="Kemp S" box="[1207,1332,813,834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="217 - 297" refId="ref9114" refString="Kemp S (1918) Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6: 217 - 297." type="journal article" year="1918">Kemp, 1918</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 3, 4). A, overall dorsal view; B, outer view of left chela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6193EFFBFFF90A7830C527EB8F900" blockId="1.[135,776,1117,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A7830C527EAEFBE0" authority="(Kemp, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[136,505,1117,1141]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A7830C527E1BFBE0" box="[136,332,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma foxi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A6540C517EA5FBE0" author="Kemp S" box="[351,498,1117,1141]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="217 - 297" refId="ref9114" refString="Kemp S (1918) Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6: 217 - 297." type="journal article" year="1918">Kemp, 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
belongs to a group of
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A7830C727E0AFB00" box="[136,349,1149,1173]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A7830C727E5BFB00" box="[136,268,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
generally characterised by their quadrate carapaces, slender and relatively long ambulatory legs, with the exopod of the third maxilliped not possessing a flagellum, and that usually occur in highlands.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5120CD27DDDFB60" author="Ng PKL" box="[537,650,1245,1270]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref9367" refString="Ng PKL (1988) The Freshwater Crabs of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Shinglee Press, pp. i - viii, 1 - 156, figs. 1 - 63, 4 colour pls." type="journal article" year="1988">Ng (1988)</bibRefCitation>
treated the two Malaysian species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A68A0CF27D9AFA80" authority="(Kemp, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[385,717,1277,1301]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A68A0CF27D16FA80" box="[385,577,1277,1301]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Geosesarma foxi (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A5490CF27D92FA80" author="Kemp S" box="[578,709,1277,1301]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="217 - 297" refId="ref9114" refString="Kemp S (1918) Zoological results of a tour in the Far East. Crustacea Decapoda and Stomatopoda. Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 6: 217 - 297." type="journal article" year="1918">Kemp, 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Langkawi Island (Kedah), and
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6EB0D127D93FAA0" authority="Ng, 1986" authorityName=", Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[480,708,1309,1334]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serenei">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6EB0D127D06FAA0" box="[480,593,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. serenei</emphasis>
Ng, 1986
</taxonomicName>
, from Bukit Larut in Perak; commenting that the taxonomy of the material referred to “
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A69D0D527EB6FAE0" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[406,481,1373,1397]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A69D0D527EB6FAE0" box="[406,481,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. foxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from southern Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34E59AEFFBFFF90A7810D717FBEFA00" box="[138,233,1405,1429]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Thailand</collectingCountry>
needed to be revised in the future. A third species, which may be allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6750D927E90FA20" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[382,455,1437,1461]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6750D927E90FA20" box="[382,455,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. foxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6F20D927D31FA20" authorityName=", Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[505,614,1438,1461]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serenei">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6F20D927D31FA20" box="[505,614,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. serenei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A5800D927E22FA40" authority="Ng &amp; Naiyanetr, 1992" authorityName="Ng &amp; Naiyanetr" authorityYear="1992" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krathing">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A5800D927C52FA20" box="[651,773,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. krathing</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A7830DB27E22FA40" author="Ng PKL &amp; Naiyanetr P" box="[136,373,1469,1494]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="449 - 452" refId="ref9776" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Naiyanetr P (1992) On a new species of Geosesarma de Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) from Chanthaburi Province, eastern Thailand. Zoologische Mededelingen, 66 (34): 449 - 452." type="journal article" year="1992">Ng &amp; Naiyanetr, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A5280DB17DBBFA40" authority="Waterfall" authorityName="Waterfall" box="[547,748,1469,1493]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krathing">Krathing Waterfall</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="499DD7DCFFBFFF90A78C0DD17E0AFA60" box="[135,349,1501,1525]" country="Thailand" name="Chanthaburi" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Chantaburi Province</collectingRegion>
in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34E59AEFFBFFF90A6C00DD17D7CFA60" box="[459,555,1501,1525]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, near the Cambodian border. While this species shares the quadrate carapace and long slender ambulatory legs of
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A6EF0E127D7AF9A0" baseAuthorityName="Kemp" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[484,557,1565,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foxi">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A6EF0E127D7AF9A0" box="[484,557,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. foxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5962BDFFBFFF90A5690E127D87F9A0" authorityName=", Ng" authorityYear="1986" box="[610,720,1566,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Geosesarma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serenei">
<emphasis id="B92DC52CFFBFFF90A5690E127D87F9A0" box="[610,720,1566,1589]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="227">G. serenei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(and their male first gonopods are also superficially similar), the exopod of its third maxilliped has a well-developed flagellum (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC864CFFFBFFF90A7840E717EDEF900" author="Ng PKL &amp; Naiyanetr P" box="[143,393,1661,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="227" pagination="449 - 452" refId="ref9776" refString="Ng PKL &amp; Naiyanetr P (1992) On a new species of Geosesarma de Man, 1892 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Grapsidae) from Chanthaburi Province, eastern Thailand. Zoologische Mededelingen, 66 (34): 449 - 452." type="journal article" year="1992">Ng &amp; Naiyanetr, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>