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<mods:title id="0509B631713C576202289250838ED46D">The shallow-water chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) of Caldera, Region of Atacama, northern Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFD135EAC648D2816C6ED9F2DE4BAABC">Araya, Juan Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55FC80714ECA3D03674AAB50108A0FB2">Araya, Marta Esther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="36DA14C770E4E1D45000430ED0B9D453">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9146C352FAB334D4AD57C4F2958BA433" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127875562" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9146C352FAB334D4AD57C4F2958BA433" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9146C352FAB334D4AD57C4F2958BA433" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<paragraph id="C5E6B39ECF439A724E16CB138006B139" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Taxon classification Animalia Chitonida Chitonidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="40F100B2CD0D176940313A9007C01139" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="987D62BEE0FAFDDAE7675BC97D8CBA24" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="F52DBA52DB166F9188438DE16C585849" ID-CoL="69TZP" authority="Frembly, 1827" authorityName="Frembly" authorityYear="1827" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton (Chiton) cumingsii" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii" subGenus="Chiton">Chiton (Chiton) cumingsii Frembly, 1827</taxonomicName>
Plate 1, Fig. 5; Table 2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA6B561FDE5FE81D829D3EDC8978FB8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="94D033C3A8947BCDFC793B557888C540" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="6E684DFCAB4F2076FEF56F0F028AFBA5" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton cumingsii" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">Chiton cumingsii</taxonomicName>
Frembly, 1827: 198, suppl. pl. 16, fig. 3;
<bibRefCitation id="F7D438A6BADD26D9F7D01E1140267EFD" author="Dall, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the US Natural History Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="147 - 294" title="Report on a collection of shells from Peru, with a summary of the littoral marine Mollusca of the Peruvian Zoological Province." volume="37" year="1909">Dall 1909</bibRefCitation>
: 247.
<taxonomicName id="1A5464F6DC88B4B3E424E4BBB2F67907" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton cumingsii" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii">Chiton cumingsii</taxonomicName>
: Reeve, 1847, pl. 1, figs 2a, b;
<bibRefCitation id="9E6A7C438217F0908056A0789092EC4B" author="Plate, LH" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Jahrbuecher" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="15 - 216" title="Die Anatomie und Phylogenie der Chitonen - Fauna Chilensis (volume 2)." volume="5" year="1902">Plate 1902</bibRefCitation>
: 46, pl. 3, figs 179-184, pl. 4.
<taxonomicName id="93119CDBB533DDB4F15BD82C25B1FAEE" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton cumingi" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingi">Chiton cumingi</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="A7FD6D84D32A2D27F90ACF689BD1B881" author="Pilsbry, HA" editor="Tryon, GW" journalOrPublisher="Monograph of the Polyplacophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 350" volume="14" year="1892 - 1894">Pilsbry 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 164, pl. 30, figs 29-31.
<taxonomicName id="342D6AFBB3B6733BF945E443D868D777" class="Polyplacophora" family="Chitonidae" genus="Chiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiton (Amaurochiton) cumingsii" order="Chitonida" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cumingsii" subGenus="Amaurochiton">Chiton (Amaurochiton) cumingsii</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="7B0564CCFA4042449F8C2B6C6639CFDE" author="Bullock, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="141 - 191" title="The genus Chiton in the new world (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae)." volume="31" year="1988">Bullock 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 166, figs 59-63, 69, 74 and 77.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A40F7373AF0C1CEF310FFAC70B3B35BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="CD20D00F3305E3BBBF0D47CB28F12550" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B886D83050B2521D2929A4D6FB773D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Animal of large size, reaching almost 60 mm in length in examined specimens. Anterior valve straight; post-mucronal slope of posterior valve slightly concave. Shell color yellowish white with concentric brown bands crossing lateral triangle longitudinally, then proceeding
<normalizedToken id="34714CB1D8B34C0B3E0EFD06CDE66709" originalValue="anteromedially">antero-medially</normalizedToken>
over ribs of central area. Girdle light olive green or pinkish-brown. Interior of shell white with some dull green in posterior depression (After
<bibRefCitation id="2C0B072A88070846E610C6E3A8F233C3" author="Bullock, RC" journalOrPublisher="The Veliger" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="141 - 191" title="The genus Chiton in the new world (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae)." volume="31" year="1988">Bullock 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13099073DFF34889E8A2282BEECF2AC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="EC0E0311619864DE4B38F52A9938A1B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDE158BEA9FC9FFEFCBC21B39504CC2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
Specimens found in all the rocky shore stations (except Playa Rodillo and Norte
<normalizedToken id="3B9659EF0BCEA1C4788DD0CCD50F5D78" originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
de Caldera). Collected under rocks and rock slabs, Sur de Playa Brava (MZUC 39613, 1 specimen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B805BD95B287AE6DFA3175EE1A4F4466" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0EAA47FB76DB2F5357BAC9EAF7105831" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA14C32101624D28E7A0924AE2DF2492" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
<bibRefCitation id="9E785917F38C2333E4432B0190EFBC79" author="Marincovich, L" journalOrPublisher="Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="42 - 49" title="Intertidal mollusks of Iquique, Chile. Natural History Museum." volume="16" year="1973">Marincovich (1973)</bibRefCitation>
cites this species from Paita (
<geoCoordinate id="286E149AAF4D8B37A88E04B57674F5CD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.0833335">05°05'S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="9CFFDB41763CA108DC1D84DB22FF2148" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.1">81°06'W</geoCoordinate>
), Peru to Puerto Montt (
<geoCoordinate id="27BA77C676871B725FFD0FC6D658A097" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-41.466667">41°28'S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="027DD7F5F4AE4439AC545240E3767E9E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.933334">72°56'W</geoCoordinate>
), Chile.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="844E6B5248A252757FB57C20E1E1AFBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="15C7E7A388765D839EFE9047B599361C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A107A94F7A8C3E08A9A825A497103C8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
This colorful species is the most common and abundant chiton distributed in the zone; found in almost all the locations. It is commonly found in accumulations of several individuals on the underside of rocks at low tide, crawling quickly to the dark if exposed to sunlight. Among the examined specimens, some of them had a pink/orange coloration when juveniles with some adult specimens retaining a uniform pink coloration. This species has been cited as an introduced species in Las Palmas Port, Canary Islands (
<geoCoordinate id="C0FC49806FC6FDADEB3CA08063AE8048" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="28.1">28°06'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E877DD4C7B56B92EF21465A0B1C97FC9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-15.416667">15°25'W</geoCoordinate>
), being one of the few alien polyplacophoran found in European waters (
<bibRefCitation id="7948CF79AB00627B638063CBBD48A6B7" author="Arias, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="593 - 596" title="Toniciaatrata and Chitoncumingsii (Polyplacophora: Chitonidae): First records in European waters." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3626.4.14" volume="3626" year="2013">
Arias and
<normalizedToken id="B57A8F7680596EC7BE69290C92B34595" originalValue="Anadón">Anadon</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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