238 lines
24 KiB
XML
238 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="69B811765A2C548A1BC41A3AD93D8FD7">Fishes of Afghanistan; a revised and updated annotated checklist</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CA1A3CFFBEFF9F38E21EA88C506714" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8097153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210651716" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8097153" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA1A3CFFBEFF9F38E21EA88C506714" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA1A3CFFBEFF9F38E21EA88C506714" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21EA889C364B0" box="[151,499,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21EA889C364B0" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" box="[151,499,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D0941C46FFBEFF9F38E21EA889C364B0" box="[151,499,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F38E21EA889C364B0" ID-CoL="57FBK" ID-ENA="1940218" authority="(Hamilton, 1822)" baseAuthorityName="Hamilton" baseAuthorityYear="1822" box="[151,499,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="putitora">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21EA889C364B0" bold="true" box="[151,499,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21EA8891264B0" bold="true" box="[151,290,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tor putitora</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F39451EA889DB64B0" author="Hamilton, F." box="[304,491,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref57103" refString="Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh and London, vii + 405 pp., pls. 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540" type="book chapter" year="1822">Hamilton, 1822</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F398F1EA88ADD64B0" box="[506,749,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F398F1EA88ADD64B0" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" box="[506,749,223,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="D0941C46FFBEFF9F398F1EA88ADD64B0" box="[506,749,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="5">[N]—Putitor mahseer</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21F748AF165E4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21F748AF165E4" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21F74892A6554" bold="true" box="[151,282,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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Original description:
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F3A6F1F738BD16554" ID-CoL="6BWFG" authority="Hamilton, 1822: 303" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1822" box="[538,993,259,286]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="putitora">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3A6F1F738AD56554" box="[538,741,260,286]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cyprinus putitora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3A9A1F748BD16554" author="Hamilton, F." box="[751,993,259,285]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref57103" refString="Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Printed for A. Constable and company, Edinburgh and London, vii + 405 pp., pls. 1 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540" type="book chapter" year="1822">Hamilton, 1822: 303</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 388 [Brahmaputra River, at Gualpara (Goalpara),
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<collectingRegion id="49A765C8FFBEFF9F39381F5089AC6508" box="[333,412,295,321]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Assam</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F39D21F5089D46508" box="[423,484,295,321]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
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; no
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<typeStatus id="54D81588FFBEFF9F3A671F5F8A7D650B" box="[530,589,296,322]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">types</typeStatus>
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known].—
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<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3ABC1F508B666508" box="[713,854,295,321]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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synonyms:
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F3BA81F508DA76508" ID-CoL="68BWK" authority="(McClelland, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[989,1431,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="progeneius">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3BA81F508C806508" box="[989,1200,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Barbus progeneius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3CCA1F508DBF6508" author="McClelland, J." box="[1215,1423,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="217 - 471" refId="ref59350" refString="McClelland, J. (1839) Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches, 19 (2), 217 - 471, pls. 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1839">McClelland, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F38B21F3B8A68652C" ID-CoL="57FBJ" authority="(McClelland, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[199,600,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="progeneius">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38B21F3B8940652C" box="[199,368,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tor progeneius</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F390A1F3C8A60652C" author="McClelland, J." box="[383,592,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="217 - 471" refId="ref59350" refString="McClelland, J. (1839) Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches, 19 (2), 217 - 471, pls. 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1839">McClelland, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F3A101F3C8C1F652C" ID-CoL="3RJ5S" authority="(Heckel, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[613,1071,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Labeobarbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepis">
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3A101F3C8B4B652C" box="[613,891,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Labeobarbus macrolepis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3BF81F3C8C16652C" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[909,1062,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref57215" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1838) Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freiherrn von Hugel, beschrieben von J. J. Heckel. Wien, 86 pp., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1838">Heckel, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F3C4E1F3B8DA7652C" ID-CoL="57FB7" authority="(Heckel, 1838)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1083,1431,331,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3C4E1F3B8CD4652C" box="[1083,1252,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tor macrolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3C801F3C8DBF652C" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[1269,1423,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref57215" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1838) Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freiherrn von Hugel, beschrieben von J. J. Heckel. Wien, 86 pp., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1838">Heckel, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F38B21F188AAB65C0" ID-CoL="KNHY" authority="McClelland, 1839" authorityName="McClelland" authorityYear="1839" box="[199,667,367,393]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Barbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38B21F1889F965C0" box="[199,457,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Barbus macrocephalus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F39A51F188AAB65C0" author="McClelland, J." box="[464,667,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="217 - 471" refId="ref59350" refString="McClelland, J. (1839) Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches, 19 (2), 217 - 471, pls. 37 - 61." type="journal article" year="1839">McClelland, 1839</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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.—Revisions:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3B4E1F188C5165C0" author="Mirza, M. R. & Javed, M. N." box="[827,1121,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref60015" refString="Mirza, M. R. & Javed, M. N. (1986) A contribution to the fishes of the genus Tor Gray (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Biologia, Lahore, 32 (Supplement), 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1986">Mirza & Javed (1986: 76)</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3C181F188D7465C0" author="Laskar, B. A. & Kumar, V. & Kundu, S. & Tyagi, K. & Chandra, K." box="[1133,1348,367,393]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref58879" refString="Laskar, B. A., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., Tyagi, K. & Chandra, K. (2018) Taxonomic quest: validating two mahseer fishes (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) through molecular and morphological data from biodiversity hotspots in India. Hydrobiologia, 815 (1), (1 - 12) + 113 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 018 - 3555 - 6" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Laskar
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<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3CB51F078CC865C0" box="[1216,1272,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: [8]).— Illustration:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F39241FE48A7465E4" author="Mirza, M. R. & Javed, M. N." box="[337,580,403,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref60015" refString="Mirza, M. R. & Javed, M. N. (1986) A contribution to the fishes of the genus Tor Gray (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Biologia, Lahore, 32 (Supplement), 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1986">Mirza & Javed (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs. 3–4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21FC08DB265BF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21FC08DB265BF" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21FC089AE6598" bold="true" box="[151,414,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Status in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F39711FC089A86598" box="[260,408,439,465]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
First record from Afghanistan by Mirza (1973); confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3C211FC08D346598" author="Coad, B. W." box="[1108,1284,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref52993" refString="Coad, B. W. (1981) Fishes of Afghanistan, an annoted checklist. National Museum of Canada Publications in Zoology, 14, i - v + 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1981">Coad (1981: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3D7A1FC08D4F6598" author="Coad, B. W." box="[1295,1407,439,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref53196" refString="Coad, B. W. (2014) Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp." type="book" year="2014">2014: 233</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F38B21FAB8A2A65BC" authority="(Heckel 1838)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[199,538,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38B21FAB895F65BC" box="[199,367,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tor macrolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F39F51FAC8A2265BC" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[384,530,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref57215" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1838) Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freiherrn von Hugel, beschrieben von J. J. Heckel. Wien, 86 pp., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1838">Heckel 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2015: 228 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C63D0A9FFBEFF9F3AC91FAB8C2265BC" authority="(Heckel 1838))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Heckel" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[700,1042,475,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3AC91FAB8B5465BC" box="[700,868,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tor macrolepis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3B001FAC8C3165BC" author="Heckel, J. J." box="[885,1025,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref57215" refString="Heckel, J. J. (1838) Fische aus Caschmir gesammelt und herausgegeben von Carl Freiherrn von Hugel, beschrieben von J. J. Heckel. Wien, 86 pp., pls. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1838">Heckel 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—Afghanistan materials: None.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21F888D186684" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21F888D186684" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21F8889F16650" bold="true" box="[151,449,511,537]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3A051F888ACD6650" box="[624,765,511,537]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A765C8FFBEFF9F3B7D1F888B7C6650" box="[776,844,511,537]" country="Afghanistan" name="Kabul" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kabul</collectingRegion>
|
||
River.—General distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3CD51F888D1C6650" box="[1184,1324,511,537]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3D431F888DA86650" box="[1334,1432,511,537]" name="Pakistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F38B21C54893D6674" box="[199,269,547,573]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F39541C5489576674" box="[289,359,547,573]" name="Nepal" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F390E1C5489FF6674" box="[379,463,547,573]" name="Bhutan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F39961C548A2F6674" box="[483,543,547,573]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3A411C548A876674" box="[564,695,547,573]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3A8A1C538B5D6677" box="[767,877,548,574]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.—Habitat: This species inhabits montane and submontane regions along streams and rivers. It is distributed throughout the Himalayan region. It naturally inhabits high-energy river systems characterized by rapids and pools with a rocky substrate and has adapted to utilize lacustrine habitats created through the impoundment of dams. Introduced populations also persist in some lakes where ephemeral stream inputs provide functional habitats for reproduction. Freshwater.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21CA08AF766B8" box="[151,711,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21CA08AF766B8" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" box="[151,711,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21CA0899466B8" bold="true" box="[151,420,727,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Economic importance.</emphasis>
|
||
Commercially important.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379F8A1FFBEFF9F38E21C8C8C506714" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCAB2AFFBEFF9F38E21C8C8C506714" blockId="20.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F38E21C8C890F675C" bold="true" box="[151,319,763,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Conservation status in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374EBBAFFBEFF9F3A231C8C8AD3675C" box="[598,739,763,789]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Unknown.—IUCN: EN (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF2D6DBFFBEFF9F3C611C8C8CF8675C" author="Jha, B. R. & Rayamajhi, A. & Dahanukar, N. & Harrison, A. & Pinder, A." box="[1044,1224,763,789]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="126322226" refId="ref57748" refString="Jha, B. R., Rayamajhi, A., Dahanukar, N., Harrison, A. & Pinder, A. (2018) Tor putitora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2018, e. T 126319882 A 126322226. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2018 - 2. RLTS. T 126319882 A 126322226. en" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Jha
|
||
<emphasis id="B9177738FFBEFF9F3C331C8B8CB3675C" box="[1094,1155,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Threats: HAB, CON, CLI, FIT, ABS, TOU, EUT.—Moderate sensitivity to human activities.—Not considered as a keystone species.—Decline status: Decreasing.—Moderate priority for conservation action.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |