274 lines
36 KiB
XML
274 lines
36 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C24C1B8C626C04E10700DE364E29658D">Molecular characterization of Helicotylenchus multicinctus and H. dihystera (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) from Theobroma cacao in Nigeria</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="5051D1060D7F81C55B0DC98E9210CAFA">Nematology Unit, Biosystematics, ARC, Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X 134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa MaraisM @ arc. agric. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6681 - 9903</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164133583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F9C36900213F" blockId="4.[151,771,1567,1594]" box="[151,771,1567,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<heading id="D0C981B9FF97E418FF37F9C36900213F" bold="true" box="[151,771,1567,1594]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF37F9C36900213F" authority="(Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961" authorityName="Sher" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[151,771,1567,1594]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihystera">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF37F9C36900213F" bold="true" box="[151,771,1567,1594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF37F9C36BD2213C" bold="true" box="[151,465,1567,1594]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus dihystera</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE40F9C36872213F" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[480,625,1567,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="808 - 833" refId="ref5908" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1893) Plant diseases and their remedies. III. Nematode worms found attacking sugar-cane. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 4, 808 - 833." type="journal article" year="1893">Cobb, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FD21F9C36900213F" author="Sher, S. A." box="[641,771,1567,1593]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref7811" refString="Sher, S. A. (1961) Revision of the Hoplolaiminae (Nematoda) I. Classification of nominal genera and nominal species. Nematologica, 6, 155 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529261 X 00414" type="journal article" year="1961">Sher, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C324655EFF97E419FF37F9B868C8260B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="348" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F9B8680D217D" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,526,1634,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F9BF680D217D" authority="Cobb, 1893" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1893" box="[199,526,1634,1659]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihystera">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F9BF6B93217D" box="[199,400,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Tylenchus dihystera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE37F9BE680D217D" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[407,526,1634,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="808 - 833" refId="ref5908" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1893) Plant diseases and their remedies. III. Nematode worms found attacking sugar-cane. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, 4, 808 - 833." type="journal article" year="1893">Cobb, 1893</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F95E6BEB219C" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,488,1665,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F95E6BEB219C" authority="Cobb, 1906" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1906" box="[199,488,1665,1690]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="olaae">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F95E6B69219C" box="[199,362,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Tylenchus olaae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FED1F95D6BEB219C" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[369,488,1665,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="163 - 195" refId="ref5944" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1906) Fungus maladies of the sugar cane. With notes on associated insects and nematodes. IX. Free living nematodes inhabiting the soil about the roots of cane, and their retaliation to root diseases. Bulletin of the Division of Pathology and Physiology. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station, 5, 163 - 195." type="journal article" year="1906">Cobb, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F97D690121BF" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,770,1696,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F97C690121BF" authority="(Cobb, 1906) Micoletzky, 1922" authorityName="Micoletzky" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[199,770,1696,1721]" class="Secernentea" family="Belonolaimidae" genus="Tylenchorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="olaae">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F97C6BBE21BE" box="[199,445,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Tylenchorhynchus olaae</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE6BF97C684721BF" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[459,580,1696,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="163 - 195" refId="ref5944" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1906) Fungus maladies of the sugar cane. With notes on associated insects and nematodes. IX. Free living nematodes inhabiting the soil about the roots of cane, and their retaliation to root diseases. Bulletin of the Division of Pathology and Physiology. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station, 5, 163 - 195." type="journal article" year="1906">Cobb, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FDF1F97C690121BF" author="Micoletzky, H." box="[593,770,1696,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="322 - 650" refId="ref7197" refString="Micoletzky, H. (1922) Die Freilebenden Erd-Nematoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Abteilung, 9, 322 - 650." type="journal article" year="1922">Micoletzky, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F91C68A921D1" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,682,1726,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F96368A921D1" authority="(Cobb, 1906) Sher, 1961" authorityName="Sher" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[199,682,1726,1751]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="olaae">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F9636BAA21D1" box="[199,425,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus olaae</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE16F962682C21D1" author="Cobb, N. A." box="[438,559,1726,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="163 - 195" refId="ref5944" refString="Cobb, N. A. (1906) Fungus maladies of the sugar cane. With notes on associated insects and nematodes. IX. Free living nematodes inhabiting the soil about the roots of cane, and their retaliation to root diseases. Bulletin of the Division of Pathology and Physiology. Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experiment Station, 5, 163 - 195." type="journal article" year="1906">Cobb, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FD9DF96268A921D1" author="Sher, S. A." box="[573,682,1726,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref7811" refString="Sher, S. A. (1961) Revision of the Hoplolaiminae (Nematoda) I. Classification of nominal genera and nominal species. Nematologica, 6, 155 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529261 X 00414" type="journal article" year="1961">Sher, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F90268B121F0" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,690,1757,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F90268B121F0" authority="Steiner, 1920" authorityName="Steiner" authorityYear="1920" box="[199,690,1757,1782]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Aphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="variety" species="dubius" variety="peruensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F9026B9021F0" box="[199,403,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Aphelenchus dubius</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FE64F903682621F0" box="[452,549,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">peruensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FD8CF90168B121F0" author="Steiner, G." box="[556,690,1757,1782]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="11 - 44" refId="ref8101" refString="Steiner, G. (1920) Freilebende Susswassernematoden aus paruanischen Hochgebirgsen. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 28, 11 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 84687" type="journal article" year="1920">Steiner, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F92168102013" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,531,1788,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F92068102013" authority="Cassidy, 1930" authorityName="Cassidy" authorityYear="1930" box="[199,531,1788,1813]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F9206B7D2012" box="[199,382,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Tylenchus spiralis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE25F92068102013" author="Cassidy, G." box="[389,531,1788,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="379 - 387" refId="ref5841" refString="Cassidy, G. (1930) Nematodes associated with sugar cane in Hawaii. Hawaiian Planters' Record, 34, 379 - 387." type="journal article" year="1930">Cassidy, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F8C068D62035" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,725,1818,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F8C768D62035" authority="(Cassidy, 1930) Sher, 1961" authorityName="Sher" authorityYear="1961" baseAuthorityName="Cassidy" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[199,725,1818,1843]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spiralis">
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<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F8C76BBE2035" box="[199,445,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus spiralis</emphasis>
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(
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE6AF8C668582035" author="Cassidy, G." box="[458,603,1818,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="379 - 387" refId="ref5841" refString="Cassidy, G. (1930) Nematodes associated with sugar cane in Hawaii. Hawaiian Planters' Record, 34, 379 - 387." type="journal article" year="1930">Cassidy, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FDC8F8C668D62035" author="Sher, S. A." box="[616,725,1818,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="155 - 169" refId="ref7811" refString="Sher, S. A. (1961) Revision of the Hoplolaiminae (Nematoda) I. Classification of nominal genera and nominal species. Nematologica, 6, 155 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529261 X 00414" type="journal article" year="1961">Sher, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F8E668442054" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,583,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
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=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F8E668442054" authority="Steiner, 1945" authorityName="Steiner" authorityYear="1945" box="[199,583,1849,1874]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="nannus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F8E66BB92054" box="[199,442,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus nannus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE60F8E568442054" author="Steiner, G." box="[448,583,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="34 - 38" refId="ref8139" refString="Steiner, G. (1945) Helicotylenchus, a new genus of plant-parasitic nematodes and its relationship to Rotylenchus Filipjev. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 12, 34 - 38." type="journal article" year="1945">Steiner, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F88568372077" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,564,1880,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F88468372077" authority="Das, 1960" authorityName="Das" authorityYear="1960" box="[199,564,1880,1905]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="crenatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F8846BC42076" box="[199,455,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus crenatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE6DF88568372077" author="Das, V. M." box="[461,564,1880,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="533 - 605" refId="ref6105" refString="Das, V. M. (1960) Studies on the nematode parasites of plants in Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh, India). Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 19, 533 - 605. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00260158" type="journal article" year="1960">Das, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F8A468852089" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,646,1910,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F8AB68852089" authority="Siddiqi, 1972" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1972" box="[199,646,1910,1935]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihysteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F8AB6BF42089" box="[199,503,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus dihysteroides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE5DF8AA68852089" author="Siddiqi, M. R." box="[509,646,1910,1935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="74 - 91" refId="ref7956" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1972) On the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Nematoda: Tylenchida), with descriptions of nine new species. Nematologica, 18, 74 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529272 X 00278" type="journal article" year="1972">Siddiqi, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F84A683B20A8" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,568,1941,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F84A683B20A8" authority="Roman, 1965" authorityName="Roman" authorityYear="1965" box="[199,568,1941,1966]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="flatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F84A6BAA20A8" box="[199,425,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus flatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE0FF84A683B20A8" author="Roman, J." box="[431,568,1941,1966]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="41" refId="ref7698" refString="Roman, J. (1965) Nematodes of Puerto Rico, the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Nematoda: Hoplolaiminae). Technical Paper, University of Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station, 1965, 41." type="journal article" year="1965">Román, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F86968A520CB" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,678,1972,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F86868A520CB" authority="Thorne & Malek, 1968" authorityName="Thorne & Malek" authorityYear="1968" box="[199,678,1972,1997]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="glissus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F8686BB520CA" box="[199,438,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus glissus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE1CF86868A520CB" author="Thorne, G. & Malek, R. B." box="[444,678,1972,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="31" refId="ref8554" refString="Thorne, G. & Malek, R. B. (1968) Nematodes of the northern Great Plains. Part I. Tylenchida (Nemata: Secernentea). Technical Bulletin South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, 1968, 31." type="journal article" year="1968">Thorne & Malek, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF97E418FF37F808686F20ED" blockId="4.[151,770,1634,2027]" box="[151,620,2002,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF97E418FF67F80F686F20ED" authority="Sher, 1966" authorityName="Sher" authorityYear="1966" box="[199,620,2002,2027]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rotundicauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF97E418FF67F80F6BFA20ED" box="[199,505,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="347">Helicotylenchus rotundicauda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF97E418FE5FF80E686F20ED" author="Sher, S. A." box="[511,620,2002,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="347" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref7857" refString="Sher, S. A. (1966) Revision of the Hoplolaiminae (Nematoda) VI. Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. Nematologica, 12, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529266 X 00013" type="journal article" year="1966">Sher, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF37FF4568AA27B7" blockId="5.[151,738,152,269]" box="[151,681,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FF67FF4568AA27B7" authority="Swarup & Sethi, 1968" authorityName="Swarup & Sethi" authorityYear="1968" box="[199,681,152,177]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FF456BC227B6" box="[199,449,153,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Helicotylenchus punicae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FE67FF4568AA27B7" author="Swarup, G. & Sethi, C. L." box="[455,681,152,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref8480" refString="Swarup, G. & Sethi, C. L. (1968) Plant parasitic nematodes of north-western India II. The genus Helicotylenchus. Bulletin of Entomology Loyola Collection, 9, 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="1968">Swarup & Sethi, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF37FF64687C27C9" blockId="5.[151,738,152,269]" box="[151,639,183,208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FF67FF6B687C27C9" authority="Anderson, 1974" authorityName="Anderson" authorityYear="1974" box="[199,639,183,208]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="teleductus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FF6B6BDB27C9" box="[199,472,183,207]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Helicotylenchus teleductus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FE7CFF6B687C27C9" author="Anderson, R. V." box="[476,639,183,208]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="1365 - 1381" refId="ref5556" refString="Anderson, R. V. (1974) Canadian species of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae), their identifying characteristics and descriptions of three new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 52, 1365 - 1381. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 74 - 174" type="journal article" year="1974">Anderson, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF37FF0A68E127E8" blockId="5.[151,738,152,269]" box="[151,738,213,238]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FF67FF0A68E127E8" authority="Rashid & Khan, 1974" authorityName="Rashid & Khan" authorityYear="1974" box="[199,738,213,238]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paraconcavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FF0A6BFC27E8" box="[199,511,214,238]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Helicotylenchus paraconcavus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FDA5FF0968E127E8" author="Rashid, A. & Khan, A. M." box="[517,738,213,238]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="123 - 128" refId="ref7644" refString="Rashid, A. & Khan, A. M. (1974) Two new species of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 from India, with a redescription of H. solani Rashid, 1972 (Nematoda: Hoplolaiminae). Indian Journal of Nematology, 2, 123 - 128." type="journal article" year="1974">Rashid & Khan, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF37FF2968C8260B" blockId="5.[151,738,152,269]" box="[151,715,244,269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FF67FF2968C8260B" authority="Hui & Zhixin, 1993" authorityName="Hui & Zhixin" authorityYear="1993" box="[199,715,244,269]" class="Secernentea" family="Hoplolaimidae" genus="Helicotylenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="membranatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FF296BF8260B" box="[199,507,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Helicotylenchus membranatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FDA1FF2868C8260B" author="Hui, X. & Zhixin, F." box="[513,715,244,269]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="337 - 339" refId="ref6752" refString="Hui, X. & Zhixin, F. (1993) A new species of genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945: Helicotylenchus membranatus sp. nov. (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae). Acta Phtophylactica Sinica, 23, 337 - 339. [Original in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="1993">Hui & Zhixin, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324655EFF96E419FF37FEE66B882403" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF37FEE66F8D25E7" blockId="5.[151,1437,314,1026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF37FEE66B2A2653" bold="true" box="[151,297,314,341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FE8FFEE76B802653" box="[303,387,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 10): Habitus spiral. Lip 4 ± 0.6 (4–5) µm high and 7 ± 0.8 (6–9) µm wide; rounded anteriorly, with five to six annuli. Outer margins of labial framework extend 4 ±1.9 (3–6) µm posterior from basal plate. Cephalids not seen. Stylet knobs 2 ± 0.7 (2–4) µm high and 5 ± 0.5 (4–5) µm wide, rounded posteriorly, anterior faces indented. Position of DGO 12 ± 1.6 (9–14) µm behind stylet knobs. Median bulb oval, 12 ± 1.3 (10–14) µm long and 9 ± 0.9 (8–10) µm wide; valve
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FDC8FE1768A626E0" box="[616,677,459,486]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FCB8FE17695726E0" box="[792,852,459,486]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Excretory pore 98 ± 4.1 (93–1047) µm from front, i.e. at 15 ± 1.0 (13–16) % of body length. Hemizonid two annuli long, located one annule anterior to excretory pore
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FEA3FDCF6B51252B" box="[259,338,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">(n =1).</emphasis>
|
||
Hemizonion and fasciculi not observed. Width of annuli at midbody 1.3 ± 0.2 (1.0–1.7) µm. Body width at excretory pore 19 ± 2.8 (15–23) µm, at midbody 25 ± 3.5 (21–30) µm and at anus 16 ± 2.8 (12–20) µm. Epiptygma folded into vagina. Lateral field 6 ± 1.1 (6–8) µm wide; areolated anterior to excretory pore; inner two lines end on tail in a y-shaped pattern. Caudalid one annulus long located one annulus posterior to anus
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FAAFFDA36F5B259F" box="[1295,1368,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">(n=1).</emphasis>
|
||
Phasmid located from three eleven annuli anterior to anus. Tail 16 ± 1.8 (13–18) µm long, with 10 to 13 ventral annuli; tail asymmetrically rounded, and dorsally curved, with or without ventral projection, if present with rounded end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF67FD376B882403" blockId="5.[151,1437,314,1026]" box="[199,395,747,774]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FD376B092403" box="[199,266,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FAF837FF96E419FEB1FD306B382400" box="[273,315,748,774]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C324655EFF96E419FF67FCD36E1E2307" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8136D5FF96E419FF67FCD36E1E2307" blockId="5.[151,1437,314,1026]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FF67FCD36B38242F" bold="true" box="[199,315,783,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our specimens were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FD62FCCC694F242F" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1893" box="[706,844,783,809]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihystera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FD62FCCC694F242F" box="[706,844,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">H. dihystera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of spiral habitus, stylet length (mean value:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FF37FCEF6AE02448" box="[151,227,819,846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 µm</quantity>
|
||
), body length (mean value:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FDBBFCEF68762448" box="[539,629,819,846]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.409999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="641.0">641 µm</quantity>
|
||
), position of vulva (mean V value: 63 %), phasmids anterior to anus, inner lines of lateral field end on tail mostly in y-shaped pattern, tail asymmetrically rounded, with or without terminal projection (if present with rounded end), empty spermatheca, and absence of males (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FB9FFCA76F222493" author="Fortuner, R. & Merny, G. & Roux, C." box="[1087,1313,891,917]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="235 - 260" refId="ref6516" refString="Fortuner, R., Merny, G. & Roux, C. (1981) Morphometrical variability in Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. 3: Observations on African populations of Helicotylenchus dihystera and considerations on related species. Revue de Nematologie, 4, 235 - 260." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Fortuner
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FB07FCA06EDC2493" box="[1191,1247,891,917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present specimens agree with the amended descriptions of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FD5AFC7C69E924BF" author="Fortuner, R. & Merny, G. & Roux, C." box="[762,1002,927,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="235 - 260" refId="ref6516" refString="Fortuner, R., Merny, G. & Roux, C. (1981) Morphometrical variability in Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. 3: Observations on African populations of Helicotylenchus dihystera and considerations on related species. Revue de Nematologie, 4, 235 - 260." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Fortuner
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FCC1FC7C699A24BF" box="[865,921,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1981)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Fortuner (1991). The stylet length for the current specimens exceeds that of the
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FD3CFC1E691324D8" box="[668,784,962,990]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="24.0">24–25 µm</quantity>
|
||
reported for Nigerian specimens by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FB11FC1F6F6824DB" author="Ali, S. S. & Geraert, E. & Coomans, A." box="[1201,1387,963,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" pagination="53 - 70" refId="ref5439" refString="Ali, S. S., Geraert, E. & Coomans, A. (1973) Some spiral nematodes from Africa. Biologische Jaarboek Dodonea, 41, 53 - 70." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Ali
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FB7DFC186F0C24DB" box="[1245,1295,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1973)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but still falls in the range for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D56FF96E419FE12FC34683F2307" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1893" box="[434,572,999,1025]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Tylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dihystera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEAC7FF96E419FE12FC34683F2307" box="[434,572,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="348">H. dihystera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B30FF96E419FDECFC3B68C22304" box="[588,705,999,1026]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="20.0">20–31 µm</quantity>
|
||
) as reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B24FF96E419FCD6FC3B6E1B2307" author="Marais, M." box="[886,1048,999,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="348" refId="ref6915" refString="Marais, M. (2001) A monograph of the genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Nemata: Hoplolaimidae). Ph. D. Agric. Dissertation, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 293 pp." type="book" year="2001">Marais (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |