789 lines
120 KiB
XML
789 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="4A4E3DC5B12CEF4D9446496B51DF3E7C" ID-CLB-Dataset="46547" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0bab8574-bffd-4ee3-8df2-c201110212bd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229169" ID-ZooBank="587163F9-326C-4CBC-94A5-4605C8ADB000" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460377080360" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fend, Steven V. & Carter, James L." docDate="2014" docId="0397878BFF8DFFABFF4D5DB1FB52FEC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03760p210.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3760 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhynchelmis (Sutroa) klamathensis Fend, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="194" masterDocId="FFAEFFF3FF8BFFA5FFDA5910FF9CFB5F" masterDocTitle="Rhynchelmis subgenus Sutroa Eisen new rank, with two new species from western North America (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae)" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="180" pageNumber="186" updateTime="1698296395434" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B4F8A9EE625586175FF9DE4A9F803B59" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2ACC2E0E5E4422828F2E95DEBE5B7260">
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<mods:title id="D0643118C7BC7420A80D1AC02008FD8A">Rhynchelmis subgenus Sutroa Eisen new rank, with two new species from western North America (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="251D53DA0EA7E6B09ABF55B52EC27B77" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DEC39C7079D1C7423CCDF4BB3A843BE7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="564A8055226E8713E42BCAD8CBB3B896">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C814848FB6AF1B16B41A6783990E2596">Fend, Steven V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A3B4CBE013B6B13E7B6BA87A8DF88247" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="083752FCAAA936F6B8CBB54A256ABA94">
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<mods:roleTerm id="535BCB19AFC476657725C7F7DD0E1619">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5B3FFB77458EE25E393E626EAB4E693F">Carter, James L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="837952A131AA831A192214BC326C3A99">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FE7102B28358EE60405C7827567F0CEB">
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<mods:title id="4AF30444A90D59F2B65B0C3E1164D6EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2812136B2A224128B59DCE7B0C52A908">
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<mods:date id="0F2FC678C77C23B84570F904CA300A11">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="012E1AEAA3BE97371FB02DC840ED9D9E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8BDDF0EBF3B5C23C60C5957961B67331">3760</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7E84C62638B1FA67AC2E07E313715C9A" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A9C34303CF618BA2895EAFB82ADD1623">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:end id="754C2E685988BA59117D0F810E70C547">210</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="CBD4906FCF4B781287FBBB82E91FD762">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BCB8B1FD62C98C237A948B4BF61A1CB0" type="CLB-Dataset">46547</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="943A48E8EF36B291A6F143E892D64390" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="89758B812D233464B83F6F74C71EF377" type="GBIF-Dataset">0bab8574-bffd-4ee3-8df2-c201110212bd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7205AD6C7BAF3CC9F2827A1336703BBB" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3E2475BF388E3E1B3BFEDD7772CA3400" type="Zenodo-Dep">229169</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FDCB4BF7A9F67BCA74EBBF987CBC0F34" type="ZooBank">587163F9-326C-4CBC-94A5-4605C8ADB000</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0397878BFF8DFFABFF4D5DB1FB52FEC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6139328" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119413253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6139328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397878BFF8DFFABFF4D5DB1FB52FEC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397878BFF8DFFABFF4D5DB1FB52FEC0" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
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<subSubSection id="C3246516FF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FE96FF82" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FD44FFE4" blockId="6.[151,728,1185,1245]" box="[151,728,1185,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
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<heading id="D0C981F1FF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FD44FFE4" bold="true" box="[151,728,1185,1211]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FD44FFE4" bold="true" box="[151,728,1185,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FD13FFE4" ID-CoL="4SQJ7" authority="Fend" authorityName="Fend" box="[151,655,1185,1211]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sutroa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF4D5DB1FEA9FFE4" bold="true" box="[151,309,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FE9C5DB1FE0BFFE4" bold="true" box="[326,407,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Sutroa</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FE725DB1FDD4FFE4" bold="true" box="[424,584,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
Fend
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957F4FF8DFFA3FD4C5DB1FD44FFE4" box="[662,728,1185,1211]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF4D5DD4FE96FF82" blockId="6.[151,728,1185,1245]" box="[151,266,1220,1245]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF8DFFA3FF455DD4FE9EFF82" box="[159,258,1220,1245]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2. R" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3. R" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4. R" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox-0="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetBox-2="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246516FF8DFFA3FF4D5C1CFE99FCF2" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF4D5C1CFC4EFE7A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2001]" box="[151,978,1292,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF4D5C1CFE97FE7A" bold="true" box="[151,267,1292,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FF4D5C1CFE9AFE7A" box="[151,262,1292,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE58FF8DFFA3FEC85C1CFE27FE7B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[274,443,1292,1316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">USNM USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1230305, a dissected, slide-mounted specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF1D5C3FFC26FE33" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF1D5C3FFEF9FE17" bold="true" box="[199,357,1327,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FF1D5C3FFE9CFE17" box="[199,256,1327,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
OREGON, Klamath Co.: Upper Klamath Lake at Modoc Rim (eastern side of lake, south of confluence with Williamson River),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A505AFF8DFFA3FDF85C44FD12FE32" box="[546,654,1364,1389]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" precision="55" value="42.415">
|
||
N42.415
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FD595C44FD12FE32" bold="true" box="[643,654,1364,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">°</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A505AFF8DFFA3FD465C44FC81FE32" box="[668,797,1364,1389]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" precision="55" value="-121.873">
|
||
W121.873
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FCC85C44FC81FE32" bold="true" box="[786,797,1364,1389]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">°</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FCF15C44FC2AFE33" box="[811,950,1364,1388]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-24">24 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF1D5C67FCDAFEA2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF1D5C67FEDAFECF" bold="true" box="[199,326,1399,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FF1D5C67FEDDFECF" box="[199,321,1399,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE58FF8DFFA3FE8A5C68FE3DFECF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[336,417,1400,1424]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1230306-1230310, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FD6C5C68FD7AFECF" box="[694,742,1400,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FC8E5C68FC45FECF" box="[852,985,1400,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-10-08">8 Oct 2008</date>
|
||
, 3 dissected on slides;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB305C68FA1CFECF" box="[1258,1408,1400,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-10">10 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
, 2 sectioned worms (1 transverse, 1 sagittal), 1 dissected on slide. Upper Klamath Lake at Williamson River mouth (northern end of lake),
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FE685CAFFDD9FE87" box="[434,581,1471,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-11-06">6 Nov 2008</date>
|
||
, 2 dissected.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2FAE58FF8DFFA3FD315CD0FCA0FE87" box="[747,828,1472,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
192763-192765: the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FBE55CD0FBF3FE87" box="[1087,1135,1472,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB385CD0FAE1FE87" box="[1250,1405,1472,1496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-10">10 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
, 1 dissected;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FED65CF4FE06FEA3" box="[268,410,1508,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-24">24 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
, 1 dissected;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FDEB5CF4FD24FEA3" box="[561,696,1508,1533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-11-06">6 Nov 2008</date>
|
||
, 1 dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF1D5F17FE99FCF2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF1D5F17FEE7FD7F" bold="true" box="[199,379,1543,1568]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Other material.</emphasis>
|
||
OREGON, Klamath Co.: slide-mounted, mature specimens. Upper Klamath Lake at Modoc Rim,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FF4D5F3CFEB8FD1B" box="[151,292,1580,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-10">10 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
, 4 dissected, 1 whole mount, 1 sagittally sectioned;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FCB95F3CFC7CFD1B" box="[867,992,1580,1604]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-10-08">8 Oct 2008</date>
|
||
, 4 dissected;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FBAF5F3CFB67FD1B" box="[1141,1275,1580,1605]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-11-06">6 Nov 2008</date>
|
||
, 3 dissected, 1 sagittally sectioned. Upper Klamath Lake at Williamson River,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FC815F5FFC7EFD37" box="[859,994,1615,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-11-06">6 Nov 2008</date>
|
||
, 2 dissected. Upper Klamath Lake near entrance to Ball Bay,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FEA55F64FE65FDD3" box="[383,505,1652,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2011-10-03">3 Oct 2011</date>
|
||
, 4 dissected. Unmounted, mature specimens: various open-water sites in northern part of lake:,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FF225F88FE1BFDEF" box="[248,391,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-08-27">27 Aug 2008</date>
|
||
(4);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FE645F88FDDBFDEF" box="[446,583,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-10">10 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
(17);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FD515F88FC89FDEF" box="[651,789,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-17">17 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
(8);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FC915F88FC48FDEF" box="[843,980,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-09-24">24 Sep 2008</date>
|
||
(1);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FBD15F88FB19FDEF" box="[1035,1157,1688,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-10-08">8 Oct 2008</date>
|
||
(11);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB125F87FAD6FDEF" box="[1224,1354,1687,1712]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2008-11-06">6 Nov 2008</date>
|
||
(15);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FA545F88FF63FD8B" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2009-09-01">1 Sep 2009</date>
|
||
(24);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FE9C5FACFE44FD8B" box="[326,472,1724,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2010-08-31">31 Aug 2010</date>
|
||
(17);
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FDC55FACFD07FD8B" box="[543,667,1724,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2011-10-03">3 Oct 2011</date>
|
||
(2). Immature and partially mature specimens, all unmounted: 2008: approximately weekly intervals from
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FDF65FF0FD2AFDA7" box="[556,694,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2009-05" valueMax="2009-10-08" valueMin="2009-05-01">1 May-8 Oct</date>
|
||
and 6 Nov. 2009:
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FCA15FF0FC2BFDA8" box="[891,951,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2010-06">9 Jun</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FC1B5FF0FB98FDA7" box="[961,1028,1759,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="1921-07">21 Jul</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FBD55FF0FB0EFDA7" box="[1039,1170,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2010-09-01">1 Sep. 2010</date>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB465FF0FB7FFDA7" box="[1180,1251,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2011-05">4 May</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB375FF0FAB4FDA8" box="[1261,1320,1760,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2011-06">8 Jun</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FAE95FF0FAEAFDA7" box="[1331,1398,1759,1784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="1920-07">20 Jul</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FA5B5FF0FE90FC43" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2011-08-31">31 Aug. 2011</date>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FECF5E14FEF5FC42" box="[277,361,1796,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="1931-05">31 May</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FEAE5E14FE27FC42" box="[372,443,1796,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="1927-07">27 Jul.</date>
|
||
Upper Klamath Lake material was collected by M. Lindenberg, A. Dolan-Caret, J.L. Carter, S.V. Fend, and J. Kuwabara. CALIFORNIA, Sacramento Co.: South Fork of the Mokelumne River, just west of the Tower Park Bridge on Highway 12,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A505AFF8DFFA3FD955E5CFD54FC3A" box="[591,712,1868,1893]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="38.1162">
|
||
N38.1162
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FD675E5CFD54FC3A" bold="true" box="[701,712,1868,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">°</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0A505AFF8DFFA3FD065E5CFCF7FC3A" box="[732,875,1868,1893]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" precision="5" value="-121.504">
|
||
W121.5040
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FCBA5E5CFCF7FC3A" bold="true" box="[864,875,1868,1893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">°</emphasis>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collector D. Riordan.
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FB595E5CFA80FC3B" box="[1155,1308,1868,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2009-10-21">21 Oct 2009</date>
|
||
, 4 mature, dissected, on slides;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FE5E5E60FD8EFCD7" box="[388,530,1904,1928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2010-01-22">22 Jan 2010</date>
|
||
, 2 immature, whole mounted;
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF8DFFA3FCA95E61FC6BFCD7" box="[883,1015,1904,1928]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" value="2010-10-07">7 Oct 2010</date>
|
||
, 1 mature and 2 partially-mature, all dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246516FF8DFFA3FF1D5EA8FCCAFC8E" box="[199,854,1976,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8DFFA3FF1D5EA8FCCAFC8E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1292,2001]" box="[199,854,1976,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8DFFA3FF1D5EA8FED2FC8E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1976,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF8DFFA3FD1F5EA9FD69FC8E" box="[709,757,1977,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="186">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF416615FF8CFFA2FF4D5E0CFCE3FC94" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" targetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF8CFFA2FF4D5E0CFCE3FC94" blockId="7.[151,1436,1820,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FF4D5E0CFE60FC6D" bold="true" box="[151,508,1820,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">
|
||
FIGURE 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF8CFFA2FEC25E0DFE22FC6D" box="[280,446,1820,1842]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FEC25E0DFE22FC6D" bold="true" box="[280,446,1820,1842]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957F4FF8CFFA2FE1E5E0CFE60FC6D" box="[452,508,1820,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Upper Klamath Lake (A–F, I–J) and from Mokelumne River (G–H).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FB375E0CFAB9FC6D" bold="true" box="[1261,1317,1820,1842]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">A–D.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C–D.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FC475E2BFC51FC0E" bold="true" box="[925,973,1851,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">E–F.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FDF75E49FDFBFC30" bold="true" box="[557,615,1881,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">G–H.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of a mature and immature worm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FB8E5E49FBF8FC30" bold="true" box="[1108,1124,1881,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF8CFFA2FF025E87FF77FCF2" bold="true" box="[216,235,1943,1965]" pageId="7" pageNumber="187">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1/4 of a worm. Scale bars (A–H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF416615FF83FFADFF4D5E04FEF3FCFB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" targetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF83FFADFF4D5E04FEF3FCFB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1812,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFF4D5E04FE90FC75" bold="true" box="[151,268,1812,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFEC25E04FE62FC75" bold="true" box="[280,510,1812,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF83FFADFEC25E04FE23FC75" box="[280,447,1812,1834]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFEC25E04FE23FC75" bold="true" box="[280,447,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957F4FF83FFADFE1F5E04FE62FC75" box="[453,510,1812,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C–E) and from Mokelumne River (B).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFF4D5E22FF51FC17" bold="true" box="[151,205,1842,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
Segments VIII–XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFC0D5E22FC73FC17" bold="true" box="[983,1007,1842,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFE1B5E41FE45FC38" bold="true" box="[449,473,1873,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF83FFADFB5C5E41FB01FC38" bold="true" box="[1158,1181,1873,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="188">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF416615FF82FFACFF4D5E30FE0CFCB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" targetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF82FFACFF4D5E30FE0CFCB1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1824,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFF4D5E30FE63FC69" bold="true" box="[151,511,1824,1846]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">
|
||
FIGURE 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF82FFACFEC35E31FE5CFC69" box="[281,448,1824,1846]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFEC35E31FE5CFC69" bold="true" box="[281,448,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957F4FF82FFACFE1C5E30FE63FC69" box="[454,511,1824,1846]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A–F), from Mokelumne River (G–I). A–C, G–H, spermathecae; D–F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFF4D5E4DFF33FC2C" bold="true" box="[151,175,1885,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFD1F5E4DFD40FC2C" bold="true" box="[709,732,1885,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">B.</emphasis>
|
||
An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFF4D5E6CFF33FCCD" bold="true" box="[151,175,1916,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">C.</emphasis>
|
||
A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFCE35E6CFCCDFCCD" bold="true" box="[825,849,1916,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">D.</emphasis>
|
||
A completely retracted penial bulb.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFB1D5E6CFB42FCCD" bold="true" box="[1223,1246,1916,1938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A slightly everted penial bulb.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFEC35E8BFEB6FCEE" bold="true" box="[281,298,1947,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">F.</emphasis>
|
||
An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2C).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFC805E8BFCF2FCEE" bold="true" box="[858,878,1947,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature spermatheca.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFB825E8BFBEEFCEE" bold="true" box="[1112,1138,1947,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca from partiallymature worm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF82FFACFEEB5EAAFEDDFC8F" bold="true" box="[305,321,1978,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="189">I.</emphasis>
|
||
A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF416615FF81FFAFFF4D5FF5FB41FCCB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" targetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF81FFAFFF4D5FF5FB41FCCB" blockId="10.[151,1436,1765,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFF4D5FF5FD92FDA4" bold="true" box="[151,526,1765,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">
|
||
FIGURE 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF81FFAFFEC55FF6FE55FDA4" box="[287,457,1765,1787]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFEC55FF6FE55FDA4" bold="true" box="[287,457,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27957F4FF81FFAFFE085FF5FD92FDA4" box="[466,526,1765,1787]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A–D, F), transverse sections (E, G–I).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFE835E14FEEDFC45" bold="true" box="[345,369,1796,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFC625E14FC53FC45" bold="true" box="[952,975,1796,1818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFEFF5E32FEA1FC67" bold="true" box="[293,317,1826,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFD265E32FCAFFC67" bold="true" box="[764,819,1826,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">D–E.</emphasis>
|
||
Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFAD05E32FA80FC67" bold="true" box="[1290,1308,1826,1848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10/11.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFD8D5E51FDF0FC08" bold="true" box="[599,620,1857,1879]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFB245E51FA85FC08" bold="true" box="[1278,1305,1857,1879]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF81FFAFFAD25E70FA84FC29" bold="true" box="[1288,1304,1888,1910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="190">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A–F) 200 Μm, (G–I) 100 Μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246516FF80FFA9FF1D5987FDF4FC5A" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5987FE64F962" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF80FFAEFF1D5987FCBEFBEF" bold="true" box="[199,802,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Description. Klamath Lake material,
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF80FFAEFD515987FD22FBEF" box="[651,702,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Length of 20 intact, preserved specimens 80–142 (103) mm; 245–340 (304) segments. Width 1.3–2.1 (1.7) mm in X (n=98), maximum width 1.4–2.6 (2.1) mm. Prostomium short, with a narrow, slightly upturned, conical tip; body roughly cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFB4059CFFB42FBA7" box="[1178,1246,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). Segment I usually finely striated. External segmentation variably developed; each segment posterior to II usually with a weak secondary annulation at about the anterior 1/4, clitellum occasionally with many fine, transverse grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFAED5837FAE6FA1F" box="[1335,1402,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Clitellum usually from mid-IX to mid-XIV. Chaetae narrowly paired, with bundles approximately equidistant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFAB5585CFF38FAD7" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Chaetae simple-pointed, sigmoid, with a moderately developed distal hook; nodulus distal to midpoint, 33– 41% of chaeta length from tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFDD05884FDCEFAF3" box="[522,594,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Chaeta length 210–440 µm in middle segments, somewhat smaller in posterior segments; dorsals about as long as ventrals. Both male and spermathecal pores conspicuous. Longitudinal position of paired spermathecal openings at level of ventral chaetae in VIII; transverse position distinctly median to ventral chaetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFE8A58EFFE0FF947" box="[336,403,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Male pores posterior and slightly median to ventral chaetae in X. Female pores at 11/ 12, in line with ventral chaetae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5B57FC7CF84B" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Epidermis 14–29 µm thick in anterior segments, maximum thickness 35–89 µm in clitellum. Body wall longitudinal muscle layer 50–90 µm thick in preclitellar segments; circular muscle layer 13–22 µm. Longitudinal muscles divided at chaetal and lateral lines into bands which do not curl strongly inward at the edges. Brain in the peristomium; circumpharyngeal connectives join ventral nerve cord in II. Pharynx mostly in II–V, dorsal and ventral sides appear folded, without a distinct dorsal pad; walls about 30 Μm thick, with narrow, columnar cells. Pharyngeal glands usually in IV and V, sometimes extending into III or VI.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5A0FFC48FF9A" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Ventral blood vessel divides at 6/7 or in VII. A pair of convoluted lateral blood vessels join both the dorsal and ventral blood vessels in posterior part of anterior segments; in II–VII, at least, they are unbranched, and chloragogen covers them only adjacent to the dorsal vessel; in VIII through about XIII they are covered with chloragogen cells in the dorsal half, and may have a few small branches near the dorsal vessel. In X and XI these vessels loop into the sperm and egg sacs, respectively, and in XII they loop into the septal sac (from 12/13) containing the sperm/egg sacs. Beginning about XV the posterior lateral blood vessels are extensively branched, covered by chloragogen, and join the dorsal vessel only; but posterior to about XXXV–XL a branch from each posterior lateral vessel joins the gut midlaterally. Beginning in VIII, a second pair of branched lateral blood vessels, covered with chloragogen cells, joins the dorsal vessel in the anterior part of each segment; posterior to XII, a thin branch from each anterior lateral vessel joins the perivisceral sinus on the ventrolateral aspect of the gut (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFAE55D74FA18FF23" box="[1343,1412,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF80FFAEFAAE5D74FA18FF23" box="[1396,1412,1124,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Segments XI to about XX have 2–3 small, globular organs (“blood glands”, cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF80FFAEFB9E5D97FAD4FFFF" author="Smith" box="[1092,1352,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" refString="Smith, F. & Dickey, L. B. (1918) A new species of Rhynchelmis in North America. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 37, 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1918">Smith & Dickey 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) at the perivisceral sinus, joined by small branches from the ventral blood vessel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5DDFFAD4FEC2" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Nephridia usually from XIII, paired, single, or absent in posterior segments. A small anteseptal funnel is followed by an ovate, granular, postseptal mass about 80 Μm long, which narrows to a tubule; the tubule forms a closely paired loop, which closely follows the anterior lateral blood vessel dorsally to approach the dorsal blood vessel; the loop usually continues to follow other lateral vessel branches to the ventral vessel, and may continue to the posteroventral part of the segment. The ectal end of the tubule forms a short extension to a thin-walled, irregular vesicle about 80 Μm high, and an inconspicuous nephropore anterior to the ventral chaetal bundle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5CB9FDDEFD0F" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Testes paired in X; vestigial testes usually in IX; ovaries paired in XI. Testes and ovaries relatively small, usually ending before mid-segment. Female funnels conical with posterior lip about 250 Μm high. Sperm sacs extend posteriorly as far as XXXI (median XXV) in mature worms, egg sacs extend a few segments further (median XXXI); no anterior sperm sacs. Paired septal cell masses, probably vestigial sacs, extend posteriorly from
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF80FFAEFF4D5F28FEBAFD0F" box="[151,294,1591,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" value="2010-08-09" valueMax="2010-08-09" valueMin="2010-08-09">8/9 and 9/10</date>
|
||
, into IX and X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFE015F27FD81FD0F" box="[475,541,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF80FFAEFF1D5F4CFB17FC82" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">
|
||
Spermathecae paired in VIII. Ectal duct of spermatheca tubular, composed of densely-packed epithelium, 125–230 (170) Μm long, diameter 32–53 (43) Μm; surrounded by a loose muscle layer about 25 Μm thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFB2C5F6FFAA7FDC7" box="[1270,1339,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Duct terminates within a “spermathecal bulb”, a bulb-shaped mass of irregularly arranged cells surrounding an invagination of the epidermis (which forms the external pore); bulb diameter 82–166 (132) Μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFBC55FD7FBC3FDBF" box="[1055,1119,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B). Spermathecal ampulla tubular to narrowly pyriform, 205–400 (277) Μm long, maximum width 77–120 (91) Μm, with ental end opening into the ventrolateral side of the gut (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFDD35E1FFDCEFC77" box="[521,594,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 5A). One pair of diverticula inserts at the junction of duct and ampulla, usually on the anterior and posterior sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFDBD5E24FD3AFC13" box="[615,678,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Spermathecal diverticula usually tubular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFB4E5E24FB49FC13" box="[1172,1237,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C), 500 (400–675) µm long by 106 (91–138) Μm in diameter; diverticula with 1 or 2 short branches in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD14FF80FFAEFBAA5E47FB66FC2F" box="[1136,1274,1879,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFAD45E47FAC8FC2F" box="[1294,1364,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B); diverticula unbranched in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF80FFAEFE055E6CFDDDFCCA" box="[479,577,1916,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. A dense muscle layer surrounds ampulla and diverticula, thickness 7–10 Μm. Epithelium of diverticula and ampulla may be irregularly incised. Spermathecal sperm concentrated in diverticula, with heads lined up along epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF80FFAEFE245ED4FDA2FC83" box="[510,574,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="191">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C); loosely arranged sperm also present in ampulla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5987FC70F9AF" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Male pores on tips of conical penes, usually retracted into convoluted sacs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FB915987FB09FBEF" box="[1099,1173,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, E; 4D, E). In most specimens, the inner end of the sac forms a low mound, which subtends the penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FBEA59ACFBE8FB8B" box="[1072,1140,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E). In
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD14FF87FFA9FB6259ACFAA6FB8A" box="[1208,1338,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, the sacs are everted and the extruded mass of cells forms the base of the penis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FC0F59CFFB83FBA7" box="[981,1055,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 4F). Penial sac surrounded by diffuse, bulb-shaped mass of tissue interspersed with muscle fibers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FC705814FC72FA42" box="[938,1006,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D), total height of bulb 360–500 Μm; entally the muscle fibers coalesce to form retractor muscles, joined to the dorsolateral body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FADB5837FAD6FA1F" box="[1281,1354,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 5E). Atrial duct approaches penial bulb from median side and enters bulb from top-center. Atria tubular, 2310–3390 (2770) Μm long, usually highly contorted, extending 1–3 segments posteriorly. Atria about equally divided into an ectal, muscular portion, and an ental, prostate-bearing portion. Ectal portion 62–105 (80) Μm in diameter, with muscle coat 7–14 (11) Μm thick, and with regular, cuboidal epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FC6D58A7FC64FA8F" box="[951,1016,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G). Ental part of atrium 50–82 (60) Μm in diameter, muscle layer 5–9 (7) Μm thick, covered with petiolate, multicellular prostate glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FAC658CCFAC3FAAA" box="[1308,1375,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H–I). Prostate glands about 70 Μm long, granular and containing small vacuoles; narrow ends penetrate atrial muscle. Anterior male funnels cup-shaped, 120–180 Μm high, without sperm; anterior vasa deferentia variably developed, sometimes appearing absent in X, not obviously ciliated, 12–26 (19) Μm thick. Posterior male funnels with sperm; highly convoluted, 220–400 Μm high, on 10/11, but sometimes extending back into sperm sac. Posterior vasa deferentia distinctly ciliated, 22–36 (30) Μm in diameter. Both vasa deferentia free within the sperm sac for most of their length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FEF15BA4FEF3F992" box="[299,367,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. R" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,194,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,183,1757]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake, reproductive organs; sagittal sections (A – D, F), transverse sections (E, G – I). A. Spermathecal bulb, duct, and ampulla joining the gut. B. Spermathecal bulb and duct, with part of a diverticulum. C. Penial bulb and sac, with a retracted penis. D – E. Partially retracted penes, within penial bulbs. F. Atrium, vas deferens and posterior male funnel at 10 / 11. G. Ectal part of atrium in X, with vasa deferentia free in sperm sac. H. Ental part of atrium with vasa deferentia free within prostate layer; the small, anterior vas deferens approaching the atrium. I. Atrium near the ental end; the posterior vas deferens is approaching the atrium. Scale bars (A – F) 200 Μm, (G – I) 100 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229174/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
G–I); junction with the atria unclear in most specimens, but possibly variable; where visible, they join the atria in the middle to ental part of the prostate-covered portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5BECFDAEFF4F" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Partially mature worms: Testes and ovaries may be large, extending throughout their respective segments. Spermathecal pore a shallow epidermal fold. Ectal duct and surrounding muscle layer of spermatheca are well developed before the ental duct joins the gut; prior to copulation, diverticula develop from a median expansion and the ental duct joins the gut. Penial sac develops gradually from an epidermal fold; muscular penial bulb develops before a penis is formed. Atrium tubular, coiled in X, with multicellular prostates forming on about the ental 3/5. Posterior male funnel large and convoluted before mature spermatozoa develop; in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D38FD14FF87FFA9FBAB5AA0FB64F897" box="[1137,1272,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, posterior vas deferens approaches atrium near beginning of prostates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FCC95AC4FCC9F8B3" box="[787,853,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C), and anterior vas deferens joins atrium near ental end. Female funnels well developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5D0CFEBFFFB7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF87FFA9FF1D5D0CFD8AFF6A" bold="true" box="[199,534,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Mokelumne River material.</emphasis>
|
||
Length of a single intact, preserved specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF87FFA9FBC25D0CFBF4FF6B" box="[1048,1128,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with 96 segments; a nearly complete specimen with 95 segments. Width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF87FFA9FD435D2FFC83FF08" box="[665,799,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in X (n= 6), maximum width
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF87FFA9FB5A5D50FA95FF08" box="[1152,1289,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Prostomium shorter than wide, with a slightly narrowed tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FD455D74FD7CFF23" box="[671,736,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. R" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[228,1371,216,1794]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[214,1373,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. R. klamathensis n. sp. from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F, I – J) and from Mokelumne River (G – H). A – D. Lateral and ventral views of anterior segments of mature worms; penes everted in C – D. E – F. Lateral and ventral views of a specimen with partially-developed reproductive pores. G – H. Lateral views of a mature and immature worm. I. Lateral blood vessels in XXV, worm facing right; at lower right, the broken end of the anterior vessel (small arrow) indicates the junction with the perivisceral sinus. J. Chaetae: from left to right, a pair from mid-body region, a ventral pair from segment VIII, and a pair from about the posterior 1 / 4 of a worm. Scale bars (A – H) 2 mm, (I) 400 Μm, (J) 200 Μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229171/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G, H). External characters as described above. Chaetae 240–336 µm in middle and posterior segments, somewhat smaller in posterior segments; dorsal pairs about as long as ventrals; nodulus 27–36% of chaeta length from tip. Pharyngeal glands in IV–VI. Blood vessels as described for worms from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF87FFA9FF4D5DC0FF5AFFB7" box="[151,198,1232,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5DE4FC21FEBA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Sperm sacs extend posteriorly to as far as XXXI and egg sacs to XXXIII in 1 mature worm. Ectal duct of spermatheca 120–160 Μm long, diameter 46–52 Μm, surrounded by a loose muscle layer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FB4F5C07FB44FE6F" box="[1173,1240,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Spermathecal bulb more weakly developed than in worms from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5485883FFF87FFA9FCFE5C2DFCC8FE0A" box="[804,852,1341,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, consisting of thickened epidermal cells; diameter about 100 Μm. Spermathecal ampulla distinctly widened at base to 110–145 Μm; ental duct width 45–50 Μm, with ental end opening into the lateral side of the gut; total length of ampulla and duct 180–230 Μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FAEF5C94FAE4FEC3" box="[1333,1400,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Spermathecal diverticula each with 1–2 branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FD085CB7FC86FE9F" box="[722,794,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4G–H), 260–330 µm long by 80–110 Μm in diameter. Muscle layer surrounding ampulla and diverticula about 6–10 Μm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5CFFFDF4FC5A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Male pores on narrowly conical penes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FD555CFFFD44FD57" box="[655,728,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. R" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[156,1426,239,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1432,181,1769]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs, from Upper Klamath Lake (A, C – E) and from Mokelumne River (B). A – B. Segments VIII – XI, from longitudinally-dissected specimens (facing left). C. Atrium and male ducts from a partiallymature worm (facing left). D. Spermathecae in VIII, reconstructed from transverse sections. E. Penial structures in X, reconstructed from transverse sections. Scale bars 500 Μm (all drawings to same scale). Arrows: position of chaetae (not in sectional plane here)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229172/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B,
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF87FFA9FD215CE0FC89FD57" box="[763,789,1520,1544]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">4I</date>
|
||
); penial bulbs and junction with atrial duct as described above. Atria about 1600–1900 Μm long, variably contorted, extending 1–3 segments posteriorly; ectal, muscular part slightly longer than ental, prostate-bearing portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13052A18FF87FFA9FCCE5F27FCC6FD0F" box="[788,858,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. R" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1824,1846]" captionTargetBox="[171,1395,214,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1405,183,1798]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. R. klamathensis n. sp., reproductive organs drawn from dissected worms; from Upper Klamath Lake (A – F), from Mokelumne River (G – I). A – C, G – H, spermathecae; D – F, ectal ends of male ducts with penial bulbs; I, atrium and penial bulb. A. Spermatheca with a slightly branched diverticulum. B. An unusual specimen with highly branched spermathecal diverticula. C. A typical specimen with unbranched spermathecal diverticula. D. A completely retracted penial bulb. E. A slightly everted penial bulb. F. An everted penial bulb (same specimen as Fig. 2 C). G. Mature spermatheca. H. Spermatheca from partiallymature worm. I. A relatively straight atrium with retracted penis (anterior vas deferens not shown). Scale bar 300 Μm (all drawings to same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229173/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF87FFA9FC905F28FCC6FD0F" box="[842,858,1592,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">4</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). Ectal part of atrium 60–90 Μm in diameter, with muscle coat 8–12 Μm thick; ental part 55–80 Μm in diameter, muscle layer 5–8 Μm thick, covered with multicellular prostate glands 50–100 Μm long. Anterior male funnels 80–130 Μm high, without sperm; anterior vasa deferentia 18–19 Μm thick. Posterior male funnels with sperm; highly convoluted, 200–280 Μm high on 10/11, not extending back into sperm sac; posterior vasa deferentia 21–25 Μm in diameter. Vasa deferentia join the atria in the middle to ental part of the prostate-covered portion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246516FF87FFA8FF1D5E1FFE4DFE6F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA9FF1D5E1FFE13FCE7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF87FFA9FF1D5E1FFEA8FC77" bold="true" box="[199,308,1807,1832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
Most specimens of these fragile worms were incomplete; only 20 Upper Klamath Lake worms deemed mature or post-mature (based on diameter>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF87FFA9FD2C5E24FCCCFC13" box="[758,848,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, at least vestigial genital pores or gonads, and dark chloragogen), and one Mokelumne River specimen, appeared to be intact. There were few specimens with obviously regenerating tails, suggesting that these worms do not commonly reproduce by autotomy, but readily fragment under stress.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF87FFA8FF1D5ED4FCB4FAAA" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">
|
||
The consistent lack of a filiform proboscis distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF87FFA9FC925ED5FC66FC82" box="[840,1018,1988,2013]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF87FFA9FC925ED5FC66FC82" box="[840,1018,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF87FFA9FAD75ED4FA00FC82" box="[1293,1436,1988,2013]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="192" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF87FFA9FAD75ED4FA00FC82" box="[1293,1436,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="192">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Differences with the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD865989FD49FBEF" box="[604,725,153,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD865989FD49FBEF" box="[604,725,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are discussed above and in Appendix 3. Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FB335989FA00FBEF" box="[1257,1436,151,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FB335989FA00FBEF" box="[1257,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FE5059ADFD83FB8A" box="[394,543,188,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aleutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE5059ADFD83FB8A" box="[394,543,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. aleutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FDB859ADFD40FB8A" box="[610,732,188,213]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FDB859ADFD40FB8A" box="[610,732,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. gilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having paired, unbranched spermathecal diverticula and elongate-tubular spermathecal ducts.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD9C59CFFCCCFBA7" box="[582,848,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aleutensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD9C59CFFCCCFBA7" box="[582,848,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis aleutensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known only from Adak Island, differs in several characters from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FE865815FD8AFA42" box="[348,534,260,285]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE865815FD8AFA42" box="[348,534,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other typical
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FCDA5815FC84FA43" box="[768,792,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FCEA5815FCE6FA43" box="[816,890,261,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Sutroa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FCEA5815FCE6FA43" box="[816,890,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Sutroa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species (Appendix 3). The tendency for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FA5E5815FEB5FA1F" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FA5E5815FEB5FA1F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
atria to form a convoluted mass, commonly terminating in the first postatrial segment, is unusual; most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FF0F585CFEF8FA3A" box="[213,356,332,357]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FF0F585CFEF8FA3A" box="[213,356,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have relatively straight atria which extend back through several segments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FAD7585CFF71FAD7" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FAD7585CFF71FAD7" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis gilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has relatively short, convoluted atria, and conical penes. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FBBA5861FB47FAD7" box="[1120,1243,367,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FBBA5861FB47FAD7" box="[1120,1243,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. gilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FA5E5861FEB5FAF2" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FA5E5861FEB5FAF2" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a single, median spermatheca, both vasa deferentia entering atria near the ental end, a filiform proboscis, and no lateral blood vessels in posterior segments. It is also a relatively small worm, known only from hyporheic habitats in Arizona and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329760DFF86FFA8FD1158CCFCB8FAAA" box="[715,804,476,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFA8FF1D58EFFEC2F993" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
The limited branching of spermathecal diverticula in some specimens suggests affinity with the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FAC458EFFA00F947" box="[1310,1436,511,536]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yakimorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FAC458EFFA00F947" box="[1310,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">yakimorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex” (Appendix 3), a group associated with current or former Snake River drainages (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FB415B34FAC1F963" author="Zhou" box="[1179,1373,548,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Zhou, H., Fend, S. V., Gustafson, D. L. & Erseus, C. (2010) Molecular phylogeny of Nearctic species of Rhynchelmis (Annelida). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 378 - 393. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00429. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Zhou
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FB055B35FA85F962" box="[1247,1305,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter species consistently have multi-lobed spermathecal diverticula, but differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FBAA5B59FAB9F93F" box="[1136,1317,583,608]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FBAA5B59FAB9F93F" box="[1136,1317,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having very short or indistinct spermathecal ducts.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD465B7CFC0EF9DB" authority="(Sutroa)" baseAuthorityName="Sutroa" box="[668,914,620,645]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD465B7CFCB7F9DA" box="[668,811,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FCE55B7DFC15F9DB" box="[831,905,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Sutroa</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from springs in the downstream, Klamath River drainage have these characters, and were described as a variant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FB5F5B81FEC6F993" authority="Fend & Brinkhurst 2000" authorityName="Fend & Brinkhurst" authorityYear="2000" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yakimorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FB5F5B81FAB5F9F7" box="[1157,1321,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. yakimorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FAE45B9FFECEF993" author="Fend" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Fend, S. V. & Brinkhurst, R. O. (2000) New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia, 428, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2000">Fend & Brinkhurst 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFA8FF1D5BC7FD9EFF4F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Somatic characters easily distinguish immature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD315BC9FC02F9AF" box="[747,926,727,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD315BC9FC02F9AF" box="[747,926,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other large lumbriculids in the region. The lack of a filiform proboscis or modified anterior chaetae distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FACB5BECFE2EF867" authority="Altman, 1936" authorityName="Altman" authorityYear="1936" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Kincaidiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hexatheca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FACB5BECFE95F867" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Kincaidiana hexatheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FEC85A0FFE2EF867" author="Altman" box="[274,434,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Altman, L. C. (1936) Oligochaeta of Washington. University of Washington Publications in Biology, 4 (1), 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1936">Altman, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The short, slightly upturned prostomium will distinguish most specimens from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FF4D5A54FE67F802" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" box="[151,507,836,861]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Lumbriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FF4D5A54FE38F803" box="[151,420,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Lumbriculus variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
Müller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, three western
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD715A54FCB3F802" box="[683,815,836,861]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Eclipidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD715A54FCB3F802" box="[683,815,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Eclipidrilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FC165A54FACDF802" authority="Claparede" authorityName="Claparede" box="[972,1361,836,861]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Stylodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="heringianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FC165A54FB48F802" box="[972,1236,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Stylodrilus heringianus</emphasis>
|
||
Claparède
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which have a conical to rounded prostomium; the latter two taxa also tend to have a more tapered body form. The simple-pointed chaetae distinguish immature specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FC805A9DFC73F8FB" box="[858,1007,909,932]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Lumbriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="variegatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FC805A9DFC73F8FB" box="[858,1007,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">L. variegatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FBF05A9DFB52F8FA" box="[1066,1230,908,933]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Stylodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="heringianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FBF05A9DFB52F8FA" box="[1066,1230,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">S. heringianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two pairs of highly branched lateral blood vessels, beginning as far forward as VIII, are typical for Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FB1E5ABFFACFF897" box="[1220,1363,943,968]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FB1E5ABFFACFF897" box="[1220,1363,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; other lumbriculid genera may have two branched pairs in posterior segments, but western Nearctic species have at most one pair in the mid-body region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFA8FF1D5D0CFE4DFE6F" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
The two populations attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD955D0DFC9FFF6A" box="[591,771,1052,1077]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD955D0DFC9FFF6A" box="[591,771,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are geographically distant, and differ in size and in some morphological details. Mature worms from the Klamath population are unusually large for the genus, with many segments (commonly over 300), compared with about 100 segments in the most complete Mokelumne specimens. Other Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FE9E5D97FE4FFFFF" box="[324,467,1159,1184]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE9E5D97FE4FFFFF" box="[324,467,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species typically have between 100 and 150 segments (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FB935D97FAF9FFFF" author="Fend" box="[1097,1381,1159,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Fend, S. V. & Brinkhurst, R. O. (2000) New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia, 428, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2000">Fend & Brinkhurst 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All of the Mokelumne specimens had branched spermathecal diverticula, whereas diverticula were unbranched in most Klamath specimens. The slightly shorter atria and somewhat less-defined spermathecal and penial bulbs of the Mokelumne population may also be real population differences, but might also be related to state of maturity or even differences in fixation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3246516FF86FFABFF1D5C2CFB52FEC0" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFA8FF1D5C2CFABBFDBF" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FF1D5C2CFD8AFE0A" bold="true" box="[199,534,1340,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">Distribution and phenology.</emphasis>
|
||
Upper Klamath Lake is a large (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FBFB5C2CFBFBFE0A" box="[1057,1127,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FB4B5C2CFB46FE0A" box="[1169,1242,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
), shallow (mostly
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FF4D5C70FF40FE27" box="[151,220,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), freshwater lake in southern Oregon. The lake has been operated as a reservoir since 1917, eventually draining into the Klamath River, which flows to the Pacific Ocean. Elevation is
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FBFE5C94FBE6FEC3" box="[1060,1146,1412,1437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.262" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="1262.0">1262 m</quantity>
|
||
; climate is temperate with some ice cover from about December through April, and maximum summer temperatures near the bottom usually do not exceed 25°C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FEBC5CDCFDA8FEBA" author="Wood" box="[358,564,1484,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Wood, T. M., Hoilman, G. R. & Lindenberg, M. K. (2006) Water-quality conditions in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2002 - 04. U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006 - 5209, 52 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Wood
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE6E5CDDFE73FEBA" box="[436,495,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lake is naturally eutrophic, but is currently considered hypereutrophic, possibly as a consequence of marsh reclamation and agriculture in the surrounding watershed (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FB095CFFFA0CFD57" author="Eilers" box="[1235,1424,1519,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Eilers, J. M., Kann, J., Cornett, J., Moser, K. & St. Amand, A. (2004) Paleolimnological evidence of change in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake: Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, USA. Hydrobiologia, 520, 7 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / b: hydr. 0000027718.95901. ae" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Eilers
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FAC35CE1FAD3FD57" box="[1305,1359,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Annual blooms of the cyanobacterium
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD975F04FCE4FD72" box="[589,888,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FD975F04FD60FD72" box="[589,764,1556,1581]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Aphanizomenon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nostocales" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">Aphanizomenon</taxonomicName>
|
||
flos-aquae
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(L.) Ralfs cause fluctuations in water chemistry, including localized periods of low dissolved oxygen during warmer months in bays and in a deep (approx.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FA885F27FA13FD0F" box="[1362,1423,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
), narrow trench along the western margin. However, severe hypoxia appears to be uncommon in much of the shallow, open-water habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FEB45F6FFE6CFDC7" author="Hazel" box="[366,496,1663,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Hazel, C. R. (1969) Limnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, with emphasis on benthos. Corvallis, Oregon State University, Ph. D. dissertation, 184 pp." type="book" year="1969">Hazel 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FE205F6FFD29FDC7" author="Wood" box="[506,693,1663,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Wood, T. M., Hoilman, G. R. & Lindenberg, M. K. (2006) Water-quality conditions in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2002 - 04. U. S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006 - 5209, 52 pp." type="book" year="2006">
|
||
Wood
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FD9B5F91FDEBFDC7" box="[577,631,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more recent summer-fall dissolved oxygen measurements were generally above
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FE905FB4FE1CFDE3" box="[330,384,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="mg" value="4.0">4 mg</quantity>
|
||
/L at sites where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FDE35FB5FD79FDE2" box="[569,741,1700,1725]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FDE35FB5FD79FDE2" box="[569,741,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FC565FB4FBCBFDE3" author="Kanarr" box="[908,1111,1700,1725]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Kanarr, K. E., Tanner, D. Q., Lindenberg, M. K. & Wood, T. M. (2010) Water-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2007 - 08. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010 - 1073, 28 p." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Kanarr
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FC055FB5FB8AFDE2" box="[991,1046,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Upper Klamath Lake and its watershed are known to contain several endemic fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FD235FD8FCECFDBF" author="NAS" box="[761,880,1736,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="National Academies of Science (NAS) (2003) Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin: Causes of decline and strategies for recovery. Prepared for the NAS by the National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Committee on Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin. Washington, DC, 358 pp." type="book" year="2003">NAS 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and mollusks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FBC65FD8FA87FDBF" author="Frest" box="[1052,1307,1735,1760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Frest, T. J. & Johannes, E. J. (1995) Interior Columbia Basin mollusk species of special concern. Final Report, prepared for Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, Walla Walla, Washington, xi + 274 pp." type="book" year="1995">Frest & Johannes 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFA8FF1D5FFCFB1AFCCB" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<bibRef id="529EA26BFF86FFA8FF1D5FFCFB1AFCCB" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" type="journal volume">
|
||
<author id="5383DE78FF86FFA8FF1D5FFCFDB7FC5B" box="[199,555,1772,1797]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Within Upper Klamath Lake,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FDC85FFDFDB7FC5B" box="[530,555,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R.</emphasis>
|
||
</author>
|
||
klamathensis was only found in open water habitats, and appeared restricted to shallower parts of the lake (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF86FFA8FE115E00FD8FFC78" box="[459,531,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), where soft, diatomaceous sediments predominate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF86FFA8FB795E1FFAB4FC77" author="Hazel" box="[1187,1320,1807,1832]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" refString="Hazel, C. R. (1969) Limnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, with emphasis on benthos. Corvallis, Oregon State University, Ph. D. dissertation, 184 pp." type="book" year="1969">
|
||
Hazel
|
||
<year id="FF9677CEFF86FFA8FB365E1FFAB4FC77" box="[1260,1320,1807,1832]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">1969</year>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<title id="F93ADDABFF86FFA8FAE15E1FFD19FC2F" jopScore="0.27898756" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" type="_" typeScore="104">
|
||
The new species was almost never collected in the trench, and nor was it found in streams in the surrounding watershed where the widespread
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE405E49FD89FC2F" box="[410,533,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
occurred
|
||
</title>
|
||
.
|
||
<journalOrPublisher id="51FF3C51FF86FFA8FD485E48FBB2FCCA" jopScore="0.39327917" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">It was uncommon at a littoral site, and occurred in low numbers in reclaimed parts of the Williamson River Delta only in the third year after flooding</journalOrPublisher>
|
||
(
|
||
<part id="FF9A9C00FF86FFA8FBE65E6CFBE6FCCB" box="[1084,1146,1916,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" type="issue">2010</part>
|
||
).
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF86FFABFF1D5EB0FAE7F9F4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,1439]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">
|
||
Over 2000 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FE3C5EB1FD05FCE6" box="[486,665,1952,1977]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE3C5EB1FD05FCE6" box="[486,665,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been identified in the various studies; about 80 of these were mature. Densities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF86FFA8FE4E5ED5FDD1FC82" box="[404,589,1988,2013]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="13" pageNumber="193" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF86FFA8FE4E5ED5FDD1FC82" box="[404,589,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="193">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the eight stations where it was most abundant were about 80–800 (mean=460)/ m2. Although the species was numerically less abundant than several other benthic annelids, its large size made it a dominant component of the biomass based on a visual comparison of volume. The open-water lake macrobenthos was numerically dominated by the microdrile oligochaete families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFBF659F2FB12FBA4" box="[1068,1166,226,251]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oligochaeta" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Naididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFB1059F2FAF1FBA4" box="[1226,1389,226,251]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Lumbriculidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the freshwater sabellid polychaete
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFE3D5816FD2AFA40" authority="Leidy" authorityName="Leidy" box="[487,694,262,287]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFE3D5816FDF3FA40" box="[487,623,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Manayunkia</emphasis>
|
||
Leidy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the hirudinean families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFC185816FBC6FA40" box="[962,1114,262,287]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Erpobdellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFB555816FADEFA40" box="[1167,1346,262,287]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Glossiphoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the dipteran family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFE9D583AFE7AFA1C" box="[327,486,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Less-abundant, but relatively large taxa included gastropods (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFB4D583AFA81FA1C" box="[1175,1309,298,323]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hygrophila" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Planorbidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFAF0583AFA00FA1C" box="[1322,1436,298,323]" class="Gastropoda" family="Valvatidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Valvatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFF1C585EFED2FA38" box="[198,334,334,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Hydrobiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
s. lat.) and pelecypods (primarily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFD1C585EFCAEFA38" box="[710,818,334,359]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pisidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pisidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFC72585EFB04FA38" author="Kuwabara" box="[936,1176,334,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Kuwabara, J. S., Topping, B. R., Carter, J. L., Wood, T. M., Parchaso, F., Cameron, J. M., Asbill, J. R., Carlson, R. A. & Fend, S. V. (2012) Time scales of change in chemical and biological parameters after engineered levee breaches adjacent to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012 - 1057, 26 pp. Available from: http: // pubs. usgs. gov / of / 2012 / 1057 (accessed 0 9 December 2013)" type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Kuwabara
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFBC55840FBCBFA38" box="[1055,1111,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFB7E585EFAB9FA38" author="Hazel" box="[1188,1317,334,359]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Hazel, C. R. (1969) Limnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, with emphasis on benthos. Corvallis, Oregon State University, Ph. D. dissertation, 184 pp." type="book" year="1969">Hazel 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFF2F5862FE1CFAD4" box="[245,384,370,395]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFF2F5862FE1CFAD4" box="[245,384,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some other common oligochaetes in the open-water lake habitat differ from more typical congeners in adjacent habitats within the watershed. The open-water form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFBBE5886FED4FA8C" authority="Cook" authorityName="Cook" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFBBE5886FAA7FAF0" box="[1124,1339,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
|
||
(Cook) (Lumbriculidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctive in having much fewer body segments than typical specimens found at wetland and tributary sites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFE9758CEFE4DFAA8" author="Fend" box="[333,465,478,503]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Fend, S. V. (2009) An evaluation of the genus Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, with the designation of Altmanella n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae). Zootaxa, 2077, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2009">Fend 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A distinctive, open-water
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFCFF58CEFBE6FAA8" authority="(Tubificinae)" baseAuthorityName="Tubificinae" box="[805,1146,478,503]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFCFF58CEFC45FAA8" box="[805,985,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Varichaetadrilus</emphasis>
|
||
(Tubificinae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly attributable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFF4D5B12FDD8F944" authority="Brinkhurst" authorityName="Brinkhurst" box="[151,580,514,539]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Varichaetadrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFF4D5B12FE29F944" box="[151,437,514,539]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Varichaetadrilus pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
(Brinkhurst)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lacks hair chaetae, and is much larger than the more typical specimens found near the lake margin, (J.L. Carter & S.V. Fend, unpublished). The two dominant glossiphoniid leeches in open-water habitats (both in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFE615B5AFDA8F93C" box="[443,564,586,611]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Helobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFE615B5AFDA8F93C" box="[443,564,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Helobdella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differ from the widespread
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFCB15B5AFB3DF93C" authority="Linn." authorityName="Linn." box="[875,1185,586,611]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Helobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stagnalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFCB15B5AFBD0F93C" box="[875,1100,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Helobdella stagnalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linn.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was usually the only species in nearby marsh habitats. One of the lake species is apparently undescribed (W. Moser,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F329760DFF85FFABFADF5B7FFAA9F9D8" box="[1285,1333,623,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
National Museum, personal communication, 2012); the other,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFD0F5B84FBDCF9F4" authority="Moser et al., 2013" authorityName="Moser et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[725,1088,658,683]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Helobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bowermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFD0F5B84FCEDF9F4" box="[725,881,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">H. bowermani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFCA25B83FBDCF9F4" author="Moser" box="[888,1088,658,683]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Moser, W., Fend, S. V., Richardson, D. J., Hammond, C. I., Lazo-Wassem, E. A., Govedich, F. R. & Gullo, B. S. (2013) A new species of Helobdella (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) from Oregon. Zootaxa, 3718 (3), 287 - 294. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3718.3.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Moser
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFC1E5B84FC66F9F4" box="[964,1018,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may be endemic to the lake.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF85FFABFF1D5BA6FAA9F894" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">
|
||
Partially developed genital pores were visible on some of the largest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFC315BA8FB03F990" box="[1003,1183,694,719]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFC315BA8FB03F990" box="[1003,1183,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by early August, and some worms appeared sexually mature by the end of the month in 2008. Mature worms occurred as early as
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF85FFABFA5A5BCBFF74F848" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" value="1920-08">20 August</date>
|
||
in 2008, occurred throughout September and October, and were present on
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF85FFABFB995BEEFB4DF848" box="[1091,1233,766,791]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">6 November</date>
|
||
, the last sampling date in 2008; mature worms also occurred from late August to October in other years. Cocoons were common by
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF85FFABFA545A33FF6FF800" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">8 October</date>
|
||
, and persisted through the last sampling date in 2008. A few very small worms (diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF85FFABFAD05A57FA08F800" box="[1290,1428,839,863]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) were present in early November; these were presumably hatchlings from the 2008 reproductive season. A few of the largest worms collected in
|
||
<date id="FF80105DFF85FFABFE2F5A80FDF5F8F8" box="[501,617,911,936]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" value="2008-05">May 2008</date>
|
||
and 2010 had faint genital pores, but internal reproductive organs were undeveloped, probably indicating resorption. Worms had no obvious reproductive structures in June-July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF85FFABFF1D5AC8FABDFFFC" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">
|
||
Two cohorts were easily distinguished from May-July, 2008 based on the larger size and darker chloragogen of the second-year worms. The apparent first-year cohort ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC69B78FF85FFABFC495AEAFB87FF4D" box="[915,1051,1018,1043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter in segment X in May, to 0.6–1.1 at the end of July; these smaller worms were numerically dominant in May-June. The cohorts were less distinct in August, and could not be separated by size alone in September to November, suggesting that some of the first-year worms had reached adult size. Most mature worms had darker chloragogen compared with nonreproductive worms of similar size, suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFD015D9CFC10FFFC" box="[731,908,1162,1187]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFD015D9CFC10FFFC" box="[731,908,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not reproduce in their first year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF85FFABFF1D5DBEFC06FE6C" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">The Mokelumne River site is lotic, but current was very slow on the collection dates. Based on material in the grab samples, the sediment at the collection site is a deep accumulation of a silt and clay mixture. Limited material suggests a similar phenology to the Klamath population. Mature specimens were collected in October, and a single sampling effort in January retrieved only a few immature specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B81369DFF85FFABFF1D5C2EFB52FEC0" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">
|
||
The short reproductive period of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFD9A5C50FD6EFE08" box="[576,754,1342,1367]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="klamathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFD9A5C50FD6EFE08" box="[576,754,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">R. klamathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could explain its absence in prior reports (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFAC95C2EFA0BFE08" author="Hazel" box="[1299,1431,1342,1367]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Hazel, C. R. (1969) Limnology of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, with emphasis on benthos. Corvallis, Oregon State University, Ph. D. dissertation, 184 pp." type="book" year="1969">Hazel 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFF4D5C72FE28FE24" author="Fend" box="[151,436,1378,1403]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Fend, S. V. & Brinkhurst, R. O. (2000) New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia, 428, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2000">Fend & Brinkhurst 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Because the new species lacks a proboscis, immature specimens would not have been identified as a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3E4D1EFF85FFABFEE15C96FE56FEC0" box="[315,458,1414,1439]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94AEA8FFF85FFABFEE15C96FE56FEC0" box="[315,458,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="194">Rhynchelmis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species using the available keys (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF4B6CFF85FFABFCA65C96FB5DFEC0" author="Kathman" box="[892,1217,1414,1439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="194" refString="Kathman, R. D. & Brinkhurst, R. O. (1998) Guide to the freshwater oligochaetes of North America. Aquatic Resources Center, College Grove, TN, 264 pp." type="book" year="1998">Kathman & Brinkhurst 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |