343 lines
34 KiB
XML
343 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.47562" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7162fbcd-9f8c-434d-8aaf-d1a88e73bb10" ID-PMC="PMC7040044" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-912-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7620FD0BA42C5BC39891A8D6E12794D0" ID-PubMed="32123501" ID-ZooBank="D0E9584EC1F3455F8303712279DB7897" ModsDocID="1313-2970-912-125" checkinTime="1581958680694" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Espinoza-Donoso, Sebastian, Bobadilla, Dante, Huanca-Mamani, Wilson, Vargas-Ortiz, Marcelo & Vargas, Hector A." docDate="2020" docId="332882FC57BA5093AEE6F491D9109FE3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 912: 125-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 912" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.47562" docTitle="Ithome tamarugensis Vargas 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="43BEAA78-9AA8-43BB-BD05-6BC197292B7F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7620FD0BA42C5BC39891A8D6E12794D0" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="7620FD0BA42C5BC39891A8D6E12794D0" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ithome Chambers (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiinae) from the Atacama Desert revealed by morphology and DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668168471856" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Ithome Chambers (Lepidoptera, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiinae) from the Atacama Desert revealed by morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Espinoza-Donoso, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bobadilla, Dante</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huanca-Mamani, Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vargas-Ortiz, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vargas, Hector A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>912</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>125</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.47562</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.912.47562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-912-125</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D0E9584EC1F3455F8303712279DB7897</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7620FD0BA42C5BC39891A8D6E12794D0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162147275" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:43BEAA78-9AA8-43BB-BD05-6BC197292B7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/332882FC57BA5093AEE6F491D9109FE3" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName LSID="332882FC-57BA-5093-AEE6-F491D9109FE3" authority="Vargas" authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis" status="sp. nov.">Ithome tamarugensis Vargas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas sp. nov. in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380644" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ithome</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, H" journalOrPublisher="Idesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="39 - 44" refId="B30" refString="Vargas, H, Bobadilla, D, Aguilera, A, 1986. Adaptacion morfologica y habito de oviposicion de la polilla del boton floral del tamarugo, Ithome sp. (Lepidoptera: Walshiidae). Idesia 10: 39 - 44" title="Adaptacion morfologica y habito de oviposicion de la polilla del boton floral del tamarugo, Ithome sp. (Lepidoptera: Walshiidae)." volume="10" year="1986">Vargas et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, H" editor="Baldini, A" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="283 - 318" refId="B29" refString="Vargas, H, Bobadilla, D, 2000. Insectos asociados al bosque de tamarugo. In: Baldini, A, Pancel, L, Eds., Agentes de dano en el bosque nativo. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile: 283 - 318" title="Insectos asociados al bosque de tamarugo." volumeTitle="Agentes de dano en el bosque nativo." year="2000">Vargas and Bobadilla 2000</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chambers" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome concolorella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concolorella">Ithome concolorella</taxonomicName>
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; misidentification (
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<bibRefCitation author="Artigas, JN" journalOrPublisher="Ediciones Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B2" refString="Artigas, JN, 1994. Entomologia Economica. Insectos de Interes Agricola, Forestal, Medico y Veterinario. Volumen II. Ediciones Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile" title="Entomologia Economica. Insectos de Interes Agricola, Forestal, Medico y Veterinario. Volumen II." year="1994">Artigas 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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Chile,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tarapacá">Tarapaca</normalizedToken>
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Region, Tamarugal Province, La Tirana village,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-20.333334">20°20'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.65">69°39'W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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Holotype male, pinned, genitalia slide HAV-1307. Original labels: "Chile, Tamarugal, La Tirana, emerged October, 2019, H.A. Vargas coll.", "ex-larva inflorescence
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis tamarugo" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamarugo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Prosopis tamarugo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, collected September, 2019", "Holotype /
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Chambers" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Vargas" [red handwritten label] (MNNC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paratypes (Five males, five females). One male (genitalia slide HAV-1309), two females (genitalia slides HAV-1308, 1310), same data as for holotype (MNNC). Four males (genitalia slides HAV-1311, 1313, 1315, 1317), three females (genitalia slides HAV-1312, 1314, 1316), same data as for holotype (IDEA).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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The mainly shiny black adults of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tiaynai" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tiaynai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tiaynai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only other Chilean congeneric. In addition, the genitalia of the two species are outstandingly similar. However, the male of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the phallus dorsally excavated in the middle, slightly broadened subapically, and with a deep cleft apically. In contrast, the phallus of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tiaynai" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tiaynai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tiaynai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is parallel sided in the middle, slightly straightening subapically, and with a small cleft apically. The female of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a short cylindrical antrum and coiled ductus bursae. In contrast, the female of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tiaynai" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tiaynai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tiaynai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a mainly undifferentiated antrum and conic ductus bursae. Although signa were not mentioned in the original description of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tiaynai" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tiaynai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tiaynai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, recent observations have revealed the presence of two signa similar to those found in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Male</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Holotype of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas sp. nov. in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380644" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2</figureCitation>
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). Forewing length 4.4-4.6 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380644" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Vargas sp. nov. in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Head. Shiny dark grey on face, shiny black dorsally. Haustellum shiny dark grey. Labial palpus shiny black. Antenna shiny black, filiform, about 3/4 wing length; pecten formed by a dark brown scale placed near base of scape.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Thorax. Shiny black dorsally, brownish grey laterally. Foreleg mainly shiny black; coxa brownish grey laterally; brownish grey at middle and apex of tibia and apex of tarsomeres. Midleg mainly shiny black; two brownish grey tibial spurs; brownish grey at apex of tarsomeres. Hindleg mainly shiny black laterally, brownish grey medially; tibia with longitudinal stripe of short, hair-like, yellowish-grey scales dorsally; four brownish-grey tibial spurs; tarsomeres mainly brownish grey with a few darker areas. Forewing shiny black with slightly differentiated (or sometimes absent) brownish-grey transverse stripe subapically; fringe brownish grey. Hindwing shiny black on basal half, brownish grey on distal half; fringe brownish grey.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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Abdomen (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3a</figureCitation>
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). Mainly brownish grey; shiny black on terga I-IV; lateral membrane of segment VII with a pocket of yellowish-brown, hair-like scales exceeding slightly the posterior margin of tergum VIII. Tergum VII mainly not modified, posterior margin broadly convex. Sternum VII modified, well-sclerotized margins, a transverse stripe close to the posterior margin divides the sternum into a square-shaped anterior part and a posterior transverse band; anterolateral margin slightly convex; posterior part of lateral margin laterally projected, posterior margin slightly convex. Tergum VIII hood-shaped; anterior margin broadly concave, posterior margin broadly convex, slightly excavated in the middle; narrow, sclerotized rod medially, anterior end bifurcated. Sternum VIII strongly modified, partially overlapped with sternum VII; longitudinally divided by a sharp posterior excavation that reaches the anterior margin; two narrow sclerotized rods medially in the middle of anterior margin, length similar to rod of tergum VIII; two finger-like posterior projections of similar length, with right one slightly narrower; both projections with an inward spine of differing length; the left projection with a short, robust, and tapering spine medially near middle, the right projection with a long, narrow, and straight spine medially, bent near base.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome tamarugensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Vargas, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
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Abdominal segments VII and VIII
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
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genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
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phallus in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
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apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
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apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">F</emphasis>
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cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3b-f</figureCitation>
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). Uncus short, slightly shorter than the left spine on sternum VII, narrow, parallel sided, apex suddenly pointed. Tegumen narrow, somewhat forceps-like, slightly broadened ventrally. Saccus about 1.5 times length of uncus, with a longitudinal ventral carina and a pair of convex lateral projections. Subscaphium as a narrow stripe, slightly sclerotized, and with a few small setae on the membrane near base of subscaphium. Valvae asymmetrical; left valva lobular (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3b</figureCitation>
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, arrow), a slightly curved pointed hook distally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3d</figureCitation>
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), a few short setae near apex of hook; right valva lobular without hook. Phallus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3c</figureCitation>
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) cylindrical, dorsally excavated at middle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3e</figureCitation>
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, arrow), slightly broadened subapically; apex with a deep cleft and a knife-like projection. Vesica with a conic cornutus (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genitalia and pregenital abdominal segments of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Abdominal segments VII and VIII B genitalia in ventral view, phallus removed, asterisk shows the right valva C phallus in lateral view D apex of the hook of the left valva (marked with arrow in B) E apex of phallus, arrow shows the dorsal excavation F cornutus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380645" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3f</figureCitation>
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), similar in size to apical cleft of phallus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Female.</emphasis>
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Similar to male in size and coloration. Hindwing brownish grey; fenulum with three acanthae. Abdomen brownish grey. Separation between VI and VII segments slightly differentiated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4a-e</figureCitation>
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). Papillae analis well sclerotized, fused medially, forming a triangular plate with serrated lateral margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4b</figureCitation>
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). Intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII with triangular spinules (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4c</figureCitation>
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). Posterior apophysis rod-shaped, narrow, elongated, about three times length of tergum VIII. Anterior apophysis rod-shaped, about 2/3 length of posterior apophysis. Tergum VIII slightly more sclerotized and with a few long setae posterolaterally. Lamella postvaginalis as a small semicircular plate in middle of posterior margin of sternum VII (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4d</figureCitation>
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). Ostium bursae as a narrow longitudinal slit on middle of sternum VII. Antrum cylindrical, apex rounded. Ductus bursae arising subapically on antrum, membranous, coiled. Corpus bursae pear-shaped, membranous, with two small conical signa close to the base (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Female genitalia of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. A Female genitalia in ventral view B papillae analis C ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII D lamella postvaginalis E signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4e</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380646" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome tamarugensis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
Vargas, sp. nov.
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
Female genitalia in ventral view
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
|
|
papillae analis
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
|
|
ornamentation of intersegmental membrane between papillae and segment VIII
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
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lamella postvaginalis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">E</emphasis>
|
|
signum. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Geographic distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome tamarugensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
is known from the Pampa del Tamarugal (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitat and host plant of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. in the Atacama Desert. A Habitat near La Tirana village, Pampa del Tamarugal, northern Chile B a tree of tamarugo, Prosopis tamarugo (Fabaceae) C inflorescences of P. tamarugo at bud and flowering stages." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380647" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5a</figureCitation>
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), Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380647" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Habitat and host plant of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vargas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ithome tamarugensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ithome tamarugensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
Vargas, sp. nov. in the Atacama Desert.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
|
|
Habitat near La Tirana village, Pampa del Tamarugal, northern Chile
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
|
|
a tree of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Ithome" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="tamarugo" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tamarugo">tamarugo</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis tamarugo" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tamarugo">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Prosopis tamarugo</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
|
|
inflorescences of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tamarugo" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugo">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. tamarugo</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
at bud and flowering stages.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="host">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
All the specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
examined in this study were reared from larvae collected on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tamarugo" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugo">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. tamarugo</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Habitat and host plant of Ithome tamarugensis Vargas, sp. nov. in the Atacama Desert. A Habitat near La Tirana village, Pampa del Tamarugal, northern Chile B a tree of tamarugo, Prosopis tamarugo (Fabaceae) C inflorescences of P. tamarugo at bud and flowering stages." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.912.47562.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/380647" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5b, c</figureCitation>
|
|
). This tree is the main host plant of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although its larvae also feed on inflorescences of at least two other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Prosopis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Griseb. var. alba" lsidName="P. alba var. alba" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="variety" species="alba" variety="alba">P. alba Griseb. var. alba</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="(Lam.) Benth. var. strombulifera" lsidName="P. strombulifera var. strombulifera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="variety" species="strombulifera" variety="strombulifera">P. strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. var. strombulifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas, H" editor="Baldini, A" journalOrPublisher="Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="283 - 318" refId="B29" refString="Vargas, H, Bobadilla, D, 2000. Insectos asociados al bosque de tamarugo. In: Baldini, A, Pancel, L, Eds., Agentes de dano en el bosque nativo. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, Chile: 283 - 318" title="Insectos asociados al bosque de tamarugo." volumeTitle="Agentes de dano en el bosque nativo." year="2000">Vargas and Bobadilla 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
|
The specific epithet is derived from the Pampa del Tamarugal, where the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. tamarugensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tamarugensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">I. tamarugensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, La Tirana village, is located.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |