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<document id="91630FF7724B311DBEDE23DD7A2EF850" ID-CLB-Dataset="5916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3762.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4577eacc-752d-4eb7-bf1b-6585f03d7d6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909357" ID-ZooBank="68E063AB-2C09-4FCA-8761-FBC73D562990" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623110906749" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03762p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3762 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gymnocnemia variegata" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="CD73345E9C782A32EF565E3FFF865D20" masterDocTitle="The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1699002821961" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="25027EC5557EB63825A3C402030485DE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="1B4D20E65E93AB6FDC48F21F2751B90D">The larvae of European Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="394163B05EACC4FF59BEBE6D53F46175">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C0BFBB27F0F35326C7182D86BA911B5" type="email">davide.badano@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CDD327F31FB00C71D676218F93E8AE25">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EF510918ECEA13F71778F448AC1EB909" type="email">r.pantaleoni@ise.cnr.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="37AFB3E3A998D62A885871879606D8C9">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183227302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C5E2A14EFC15A30FD1A590A" box="[151,668,1039,1066]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EFC15A30FD1A590A" blockId="38.[151,668,1039,1099]" box="[151,668,1039,1066]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="E2144A5C9C5E2A14EFC15A30FD1A590A" bold="true" box="[151,668,1039,1066]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C5E2A14EFC15A30FD1A590A" ID-CoL="3HR88" authority="(Schneider, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,668,1039,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EFC15A30FD1A590A" bold="true" box="[151,668,1039,1066]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EFC15A30FE385909" bold="true" box="[151,446,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Gymnocnemia variegata</emphasis>
(Schneider, 1845)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C5E2A14EFC15A0DFC2659DF" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EFC15A0DFEE2596B" blockId="38.[151,668,1039,1099]" box="[151,356,1074,1099]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EFC95A0DFE85596B" box="[159,259,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,197,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-239@10.[188,1398,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini. A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon assimilis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909369/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 3H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EE585A0DFEB5596B" box="[270,307,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[241,1323,508,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[233,1335,499,1910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotum of 3rd instar larvae of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini; A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon nemausiensis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909373/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">4H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EE695A0DFEDA596B" box="[319,348,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-43@39.[216,1353,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845), 3rd instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EFC15A45FC2659DF" blockId="38.[151,1436,1146,2038]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C5E2A14EFC15A45FED159B3" author="Willmann, R." box="[151,343,1146,1171]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="98 - 136" refId="ref42604" refString="Willmann, R. (1977) Die Myrmeleontidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) der Dodekanes / Agais. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie), 104, 98 - 136." type="journal article" year="1977">Willmann (1977)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to describe the larva of this species, wrongly but dubitatively identified as
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C5E2A14EA795A45FE835997" authorityName="Acevedo et al." authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Distoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EA795A45FE835997" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distoleon annulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since the older account of
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C5E2A14ED105AA0FD555996" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[582,723,1183,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14ED105AA0FD555996" box="[582,723,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G. variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C5E2A14EC555AA0FC275997" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[771,929,1182,1207]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="377 - 398" refId="ref39945" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1873) Die Larven von Myrmeleon. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 249 - 295, 377 - 398." type="journal article" year="1873">Hagen (1873)</bibRefCitation>
clearly refers to another antlion. Following mentions and illustrations (
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C5E2A14EE9E5AFDFD1559FB" author="Insom, E. &amp; Del Centina, P. &amp; Carfi, S." box="[456,659,1218,1243]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="105 - 121" refId="ref40046" refString="Insom, E., Del Centina, P. &amp; Carfi, S. (1985) II. Contributo alla conoscenza della fauna Neurotterologica italiana (Neuroptera: Raphidioptera, Planipennia). Redia, 65, 105 - 121." type="journal article" year="1985">
Insom
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14ED415AFCFDCF59FB" box="[535,585,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
. 1985
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C5E2A14EDC95AFDFC1159FB" author="Stange, L. A. &amp; Miller, R. B." box="[671,919,1218,1243]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="151 - 169" refId="ref42236" refString="Stange, L. A. &amp; Miller, R. B. (1990) Classification of the Myrmeleontidae based on larvae (Insecta: Neuroptera). In: Mansell, M. W. &amp; Aspock, H. (Eds.), Advances in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neuropterology (3 - 4 February 1988, Berg en Dal, Kruger National Park, South Africa), South African Department of Agricultural Development, Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 151 - 169." type="book chapter" year="1990">Stange &amp; Miller 1990</bibRefCitation>
) are not exhaustive and the first adequate and comparative description is undoubtedly due to
<bibRefCitation id="DD7280C19C5E2A14EDF35AD9FC1A59DF" author="Cesaroni, C. &amp; Nicoli Aldini, R. &amp; Pantaleoni, R. A." box="[677,924,1254,1279]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="135 - 144" refId="ref39087" refString="Cesaroni, C., Nicoli Aldini, R. &amp; Pantaleoni, R. A. (2010) The larvae of Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845) and Megistopus flavicornis (Rossi, 1790) (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): a comparative description. In: Devetak, D., Lipovsek, S., Arnett, A. E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10 th International Symposium on Neuropterology (22 - 25 June 2008, Piran, Slovenia). University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, pp. 135 - 144." type="book chapter" year="2010">
Cesaroni
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EC595AD8FCC159DF" box="[783,839,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C5E2A14EF915B35FE3358F7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EF915B35FE3358F7" blockId="38.[151,1436,1146,2038]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EF915B35FE4B5803" bold="true" box="[199,461,1290,1315]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EE8F5B35FE265867" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215321" collectingDate="2010-07" collectorName="A. Alfonsi &amp; C. Cesaroni" country="Italy" location="Monte Mario" municipality="Roma" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lazio">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EE8F5B35FD915803" bold="true" box="[473,535,1290,1315]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C5E2A14EE8F5B35FD945803" box="[473,530,1290,1315]" name="Italy" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="7B2733D29C5E2A14ED755B35FDE05803" box="[547,614,1290,1315]" country="Italy" name="Lazio" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lazio</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14ED205B34FD3A5802" box="[630,700,1291,1314]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Roma</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ED9B5B34FCEF5803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ED9B5B34FCEF5803" box="[717,873,1290,1315]" country="Italy" municipality="Roma" name="Monte Mario" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Lazio">Monte Mario</location>
, bee-eater burrow on escarpment,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EA535B35FAEC5803" box="[1285,1386,1290,1315]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2010-07">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EA535B35FAEC5803" box="[1285,1386,1290,1315]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2010-07">VII.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EAD65B35FF6D5867" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A. Alfonsi</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EE595B11FE1E5867" box="[271,408,1326,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C. Cesaroni</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 4 L3;
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EEB85B10FD625867" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215335" box="[494,740,1326,1351]" collectingDate="2011-10" collectorName="A. Alfonsi &amp; C. Cesaroni" country="Italy" location="Monte Mario" municipality="Roma" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lazio">
same locality,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EDC65B11FD625867" box="[656,740,1326,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2011-10">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EDC65B11FD625867" box="[656,740,1326,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2011-10">X.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, 4 L3.
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EC655B11FE57584B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215359" collectingDate="2012-05" collectionCode="V" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Greece" location="Panagias" municipality="Corfu" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EC655B11FC0B5867" bold="true" box="[819,909,1326,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<collectingCountry id="C1F4BDA09C5E2A14EC655B11FC0E5867" box="[819,904,1326,1351]" name="Greece" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Greece</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14ECC25B11FC5E5867" box="[916,984,1326,1351]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Corfu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ECB25B11FBCC5867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ECB25B11FBCC5867" box="[996,1098,1326,1351]" country="Greece" municipality="Corfu" name="Panagias" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Panagias</location>
, rock escarpment in holm oak wood,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EFB05B6DFEB3584B" box="[230,309,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EFB05B6DFEB3584B" box="[230,309,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C5E2A14EFB05B6DFF7C584B" box="[230,250,1362,1387]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EE1F5B6DFE4F584B" box="[329,457,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EE895B6DFADD584B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215341" box="[479,1371,1362,1387]" collectingDate="2012-05" collectionCode="V" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Greece" location="Lafki" municipality="Corfu" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
2 L3 and 2 L3 laboratory-reared to adult.
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14EC9D5B6DFB89584B" box="[971,1039,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Corfu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14EB485B6DFBDB584B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14EB485B6DFBDB584B" box="[1054,1117,1362,1387]" country="Greece" municipality="Corfu" name="Lafki" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lafki</location>
,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EB3D5B6DFB38584B" box="[1131,1214,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EB3D5B6DFB38584B" box="[1131,1214,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C5E2A14EB3D5B6DFB06584B" box="[1131,1152,1362,1387]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EB835B6DFAD4584B" box="[1237,1362,1362,1387]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EA325B6DFAD458AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215389" collectingDate="2012-06" collectionCode="VI" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Greece" location="Agios Markianos" municipality="Corfu" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
2 L3 laboratory-reared to adult,
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14EE9E5B49FD8A58AF" box="[456,524,1398,1423]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Corfu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ED4F5B49FD6658AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ED4F5B49FD6658AF" box="[537,736,1398,1423]" country="Greece" municipality="Corfu" name="Agios Markianos" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Agios Markianos</location>
, rock escarpment in olive grove,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EB085B49FB3C58AF" box="[1118,1210,1398,1423]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-06">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EB085B49FB3C58AF" box="[1118,1210,1398,1423]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-06">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C5E2A14EB085B49FBFA58AF" box="[1118,1148,1398,1423]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">VI</collectionCode>
.2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EB9A5B49FACC58AF" box="[1228,1354,1398,1423]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14EA095B49FDB15893" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215375" collectingDate="2012-05" collectionCode="V" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Greece" location="Klimatia" municipality="Corfu" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
1 L3.
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14EFC15BA5FF5D5893" box="[151,219,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Corfu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14EFB05BA5FECD5893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14EFB05BA5FECD5893" box="[230,331,1434,1459]" country="Greece" municipality="Corfu" name="Klimatia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Klimatia</location>
,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EE005BA5FE205893" box="[342,422,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EE005BA5FE205893" box="[342,422,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C5E2A14EE005BA5FEEC5893" box="[342,362,1434,1459]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EEE05BA5FDA95893" box="[438,559,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="098BF76D9C5E2A14ED685BA5FADB5893" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312215364" box="[574,1373,1434,1459]" collectingDate="2012-05" collectionCode="V" collectorName="D. Badano" country="Greece" location="Strynialas" municipality="Corfu" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1">
1 L3, laboratory-reared to adult.
<collectingMunicipality id="5938674A9C5E2A14ECFA5BA5FC765893" box="[940,1008,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Corfu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ECAD5BA5FBEB5893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:314A4C269C5E2A1AEFC15A30FE8C5DD8:BC3CABEB9C5E2A14ECAD5BA5FBEB5893" box="[1019,1133,1434,1459]" country="Greece" municipality="Corfu" name="Strynialas" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Strynialas</location>
,
<date id="CD5DDBF09C5E2A14EB2F5BA5FB4E5893" box="[1145,1224,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectingDate id="DD1922189C5E2A14EB2F5BA5FB4E5893" box="[1145,1224,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="2012-05">
<collectionCode id="DFF265F59C5E2A14EB2F5BA5FB0B5893" box="[1145,1165,1434,1459]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.2012
</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="141698E69C5E2A14EB8E5BA5FAD35893" box="[1240,1365,1434,1459]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 1 L3 laboratory-reared to adult
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C5E2A14EF915BDAFEFD5AD6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EF915BDAFCFD5A62" blockId="38.[151,1436,1146,2038]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EF915BDAFDB258DE" bold="true" box="[199,564,1506,1534]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
Description of 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C5E2A14EEDE5BDDFE1E58D0" attach="left" box="[392,408,1506,1520]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">rd</superScript>
instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size (based on
<specimenCount id="AFE536B99C5E2A14EDBD5BDAFC0F58DE" box="[747,905,1509,1534]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
): BL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C5E2A14EC9C5BDAFBB458DD" box="[970,1074,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="7.41">7.41 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C5E2A14EB3B5BDAFB5558DD" box="[1133,1235,1509,1534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.07">2.07 mm</quantity>
(1.82–2.27), HW
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C5E2A14EFC15836FF7B5B01" box="[151,253,1545,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="1.71">1.71 mm</quantity>
(1.61–1.90), ML
<quantity id="7E1B50D59C5E2A14EE9B5836FDB25B01" box="[461,564,1545,1570]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.20 mm</quantity>
(2.00–2.46), HW/HL 0.83, ML/HL 1.06. General colouring pale, yellowish brown with a brown pattern, ventrally paler; head capsule darker than the body, with large dark markings on the dorsal side, ventral side of the head unmarked, mandibles pale brown; legs pale; setae of the body black. Head longer than wide; mandibles thin, considerably longer than the head capsule (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EB57584AFBE55BAE" box="[1025,1123,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-43@39.[216,1353,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845), 3rd instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20a</figureCitation>
); distance between the base of the mandible and basal tooth larger than that between the basal and the apical teeth (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EBF058A6FA8A5B92" box="[1190,1292,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-43@39.[216,1353,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845), 3rd instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20b</figureCitation>
); interdental mandibular setae: (6–7)(0–1)(0–1)(0); sparse setae are disposed on the external margin of the mandible. Pronotum covered by few sparse setae (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EEA658DEFDDE5BDA" box="[496,600,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[241,1323,508,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-216@11.[233,1335,499,1910]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotum of 3rd instar larvae of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini; A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon nemausiensis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909373/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 4H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14ED3158DEFD155BDA" box="[615,659,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-43@39.[216,1353,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845), 3rd instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">20c</figureCitation>
). Spiracles brown. VIII abdominal sternite provided with two well distinct dark spots; odontoid processes atrophied; IX sternite with rastra equipped with long and thin digging setae of which the internal pair is half the others in size (
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14ED875916FCB35A62" box="[721,821,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,197,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-239@10.[188,1398,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. IX and VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Dendroleontini and Nemoleontini. A, Dendroleon pantherinus; B, Nemoleon notatus; C, Distoleon tetragrammicus; D, Creoleon lugdunensis; E, Neuroleon assimilis; F, Macronemurus appendiculatus; G, Megistopus lucasi; H, Gymnocnemia variegata. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909369/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs. 3H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="21D8E1B59C5E2A14EC175916FCE95A62" box="[833,879,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" captionTargetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-43@39.[216,1353,193,1927]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 20. Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845), 3rd instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">20d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5E2A14EF915972FEFD5AD6" blockId="38.[151,1436,1146,2038]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EF915972FED15A46" bold="true" box="[199,343,1869,1894]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C5E2A14EE0B5971FE615A45" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[349,487,1870,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5E2A14EE0B5971FE615A45" box="[349,487,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">G. variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in Mediterranean environments such as woods and scrublands, however it is a relatively uncommon species and its presence is probably due to the strict microhabitat requirements of the larvae. The larvae are associated with rock escarpments, small caves and overhangs, especially on friable rocks or in presence of thick deposits of dry and fine detritus, where they are buried in cavities and crevices including abandoned burrows.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="ED9CADB89C5F2A15EFC1598AFC7C5AC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4909435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4909435/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,249,1973,1995]" targetBox="[227,1350,200,1922]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C5F2A15EFC1598AFC7C5AC9" blockId="39.[151,1435,1969,2025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5F2A15EFC1598AFEA75AEA" bold="true" box="[151,289,1973,1995]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7EE386B39C5F2A15EE7C598BFD6E5AEA" authority="(Schneider, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[298,744,1972,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C5F2A15EE7C598BFDA05AEA" box="[298,550,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Gymnocnemia variegata</emphasis>
(Schneider, 1845)
</taxonomicName>
, 3
<superScript id="4E9650789C5F2A15EC57598EFC8B5A9E" attach="left" box="[769,781,1969,1982]" fontSize="5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">rd</superScript>
instar larva (Greece: Corfu, Panagias). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–d: diagnostic characters, see species description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C502A1AEF915EA8FB5A5D90" box="[199,1244,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C502A1AEF915EA8FB5A5D90" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,1244,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C502A1AEF915EA8FEE65D90" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
Widely distributed, but relatively rare, from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1F9AEBB9C502A1AEF915E83FE8C5DD8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B95CFD309C502A1AEF915E83FE8C5DD8" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="8B9721229C502A1AEF915E83FEBD5DF5" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,213]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
The larva of this species is easily recognizable due to the long and thin mandibles and the body colouring.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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