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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334454" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334454" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1596207678408" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Grazia, Jocelia, Schuh, Randall T. &amp; Wheeler, Ward C." docDate="2008" docId="03E187AB6B71FFF4FCFDF9B5136D499B" docLanguage="en" docName="Cladistics.24.932-976.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Cladistics 24" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Scutelleridae Leach" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="969" masterDocId="FFD8FFD36B55FFD1FFB9FF8611774F5E" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="976" masterPageNumber="932" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" updateTime="1635478016111" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Grazia, Jocelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jocelia@ufrgs.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Schuh, Randall T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Cladistics</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2008-11-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4334454" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166018124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4334454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187AB6B71FFF4FCFDF9B5136D499B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187AB6B71FFF4FCFDF9B5136D499B" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="969" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">
<subSubSection box="[836,1144,1587,1611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="36.[836,1474,1587,1886]" box="[836,1144,1587,1611]" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">
<heading bold="true" box="[836,1144,1587,1611]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" reason="0">
<taxonomicName authority="Leach" authorityName="Leach" box="[836,1144,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis box="[836,1144,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">SCUTELLERIDAE Leach</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="968" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="36.[836,1474,1587,1886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">
<emphasis box="[862,973,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">Historical</emphasis>
: This widely distributed taxon was first recognized as a family group by
<bibRefCitation author="Leach, W. E." box="[1230,1384,1648,1672]" editor="Brewster, D." journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Vol" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" pagination="57 - 192" part="9" refId="ref30218" refString="Leach, W. E., 1815. Hemiptera. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Brewster ̕ s Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Edinburgh Vol. 9, pp. 57 - 192." title="Hemiptera" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Brewster ̕ s Edinburgh Encyclopedia" year="1815">Leach (1815)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fieber, F. X." journalOrPublisher="C. Gerold ̕ s Sohn. Wien" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" pagination="113 - 444" refId="ref28803" refString="Fieber, F. X., 1861. Die europaischen Hemiptera Halbfluger (Rhynchota, Heteroptera). C. Gerold ̕ s Sohn. Wien., pp. 113 - 444." title="Die europaischen Hemiptera Halbfluger (Rhynchota, Heteroptera)" type="book chapter" year="1861">Fieber (1861)</bibRefCitation>
, and Stål (1867).
<bibRefCitation author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[1112,1294,1679,1703]" journalOrPublisher="F. L. Dames, Berlin" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" refId="ref29900" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W., 1909. Catalogue of Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with Biological and Anatomical References, List of Food Plants and Parasites, etc. vol. 1 Cimicidae. F. L. Dames, Berlin." title="Catalogue of Hemiptera (Heteroptera) with Biological and Anatomical References, List of Food Plants and Parasites, etc. vol. 1 Cimicidae" type="book" year="1909">Kirkaldy (1909)</bibRefCitation>
maintained the
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="969" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="36.[836,1474,1587,1886]" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">
group as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[1126,1283,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
with five tribes: Odontotarsini, Tetyrini, Scutellerini, Sphaerocorini, and Elvisurini.
<bibRefCitation author="Van Duzee, E. P." box="[958,1158,1770,1794]" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications, Entomology" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" part="2" refId="ref32885" refString="Van Duzee, E. P., 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae. University of California Publications, Entomology 2." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America North of Mexico, Excepting the Aphididae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae" type="journal volume" year="1917">Van Duzee (1917)</bibRefCitation>
restored the group to family status.
<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D. &amp; Cassis, G." box="[926,1285,1801,1825]" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="36" pageNumber="968" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref31013" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., Cassis, G., 1984. Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera). Aust. J. Zool. 32, 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
<collectingCountry box="[926,1050,1801,1825]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="36" pageNumber="968">McDonald</collectingCountry>
and Cassis (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
erected a new subfamily, the
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald &amp; Cassis" authorityYear="1984" box="[998,1149,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tectocorinae">Tectocorinae</taxonomicName>
, andaccepted the
<taxonomicName box="[1346,1473,1831,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="968" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elvisurinae">Elvisurinae</taxonomicName>
asavalidsubfamily. Intheirmorerecentsummaries of the
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[113,752,182,1733]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
literature,
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, R. T. &amp; Slater, J. A." box="[238,527,182,206]" journalOrPublisher="Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref32078" refString="Schuh, R. T., Slater, J. A., 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY." title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" type="book" year="1995">Schuh and Slater (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation accessDate="2006-07-21" author="Rider, D. A." box="[595,747,182,206]" journalOrPublisher="North Dakota State University" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" publicationUrl="http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/ndsu/rider/Pentatomoidea/" refId="ref31311" refString="Rider, D. A., 2006. Pentatomoidea Home Page. North Dakota State University. http: // www. ndsu. nodak. edu / ndsu / rider / Pentatomoidea / [accessed on 21 July 2006]." title="Pentatomoidea Home Page" type="url" year="2006">Rider (2006)</bibRefCitation>
, following
<bibRefCitation author="Leston, D." box="[232,408,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist ̕ s Gaz." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="13 - 25" part="4" refId="ref30352" refString="Leston, D., 1953 a. The suprageneric nomenclature of the British Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera). Entomologist ̕ s Gaz. 4, 13 - 25." title="The suprageneric nomenclature of the British Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1953">Leston (1953a)</bibRefCitation>
, recognized four subfamilies,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[113,275,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurygastrinae">Eurygastrinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName box="[288,469,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontotarsinae">Odontotarsinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[482,638,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachycorinae">Pachycorinae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scutellerinae">Scutellerinae</taxonomicName>
, the latter author subdividing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[555,700,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scutellerinae">Scutellerinae</taxonomicName>
into
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[113,752,182,1733]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
three tribes: Elvisurini, Scutellerini, and Sphaerocorini.
<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[113,268,334,358]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
noted thatthe
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[430,751,334,358]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridaeischaracterized</taxonomicName>
by the completely fused 2nd valvifers. Our examination reveals that the gonocoxites 9 (= 2nd valvifers) are not completely fused, asstatedby Gapud, but joinedmedially with a distinct fusion line (except in the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[583,743,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eurygastrinae">Eurygastrinae</taxonomicName>
) (see explanation of characters; corrections to Gapud̕s
<figureCitation box="[113,198,518,542]" captionStart="Figs 713. 7" captionStartId="12.[135,174,891,910]" captionTargetBox="[139,1468,184,858]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[139,1469,183,858]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figs 713. 7a. Antennal segments of Megymenum sp.; 7b. antennal segments of Eumenotes obscura; 7c. flattened 2nd antennal segment of E. obscura in cross-section; 7d. antennal segments of Natalicola pallidens; 7e. flattened 2nd antennal segment of N. pallidens in cross-section; 7f. antennal segments of Phloea corticata. 8. Thaumastella namaquensis (Thaumastellidae): lygaeid type of head (Štys, 1964a); humeral angles not developed. 9. Lestonia haustorifera (Lestoniidae). Scutellum long almost attaining apex of abdomen but not covering conexivum and corium of hemelytra; base of corium expanded. 10. Canopus caesus (Canopidae), dorsal view. Well-developed scutellum, completely covering abdominal dorsum and hemelytra; spheroid form. 11. Body foliations: 11a. Phloea corticata (Phloeidae), female; 11b. Serbana borneensis (Phloeidae), male. 12. Garsauriella haglundi (Cydnidae). Corium subdivided by a medial longitudinal fracture (mlf = median longitudinal fracture). 13. Tessaratoma papillosa (Tessaratomidae). Hind wing stridulitrum. (S = stridulitrum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968597/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[223,391,518,542]" journalOrPublisher="Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref28952" refString="Fischer, C., 2001. Ein Beitrag zum Grundmuster, phylogenetischen System und zur Verwandtschaft der Scutelleridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde. Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany." title="Ein Beitrag zum Grundmuster, phylogenetischen System und zur Verwandtschaft der Scutelleridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde" type="book" year="2001">Fischer (2001)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the monophyly of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot &amp; Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[113,269,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pachycorinae">Pachycorinae</taxonomicName>
, Sphaerocorinae, and
<taxonomicName box="[529,659,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elvisurinae">Elvisurinae</taxonomicName>
, as well as a sister-group relationship between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1834" box="[579,695,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[579,695,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Tectocoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[113,294,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontotarsinae">Odontotarsinae</taxonomicName>
; he further concluded that the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scutellerinae">Scutellerinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[220,398,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontotarsinae">Odontotarsinae</taxonomicName>
are non-monophyletic groups.
<bibRefCitation author="Cassis, G. &amp; Vanags, L." box="[113,409,670,695]" editor="Rabitsch, W." journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="275 - 398" part="19" refId="ref28072" refString="Cassis, G., Vanags, L., 2006. Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.): Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss., Denisia 19, 275 - 398." title="Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss" year="2006">Cassis and Vanags (2006)</bibRefCitation>
monographed the Australian genera of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[228,376,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
, updating
<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D. &amp; Cassis, G." journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref31013" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., Cassis, G., 1984. Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera). Aust. J. Zool. 32, 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
<collectingCountry box="[497,621,701,725]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">McDonald</collectingCountry>
and Cassis (1984)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Cassis, G. &amp; Gross, G. F." bookContentInfo="737 pp." box="[250,536,732,756]" editor="Houston, W. W. K. &amp; Wells, A." journalOrPublisher="Melbourne, Australia, Vol. 27.3 B" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref28008" refString="Cassis, G., Gross, G. F., 2002. Hemiptera- Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K., Wells, A. (Eds.), Zoological Catalog of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, B. Melbourne, Australia, Vol. 27.3 B, xiv + 737 pp." title="Hemiptera- Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalog of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, B" year="2002">Cassis and Gross (2002)</bibRefCitation>
in relation to the homologies and terminology of morphological characters. They also discussed the current literature on the monophyly and supra-familial position of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
within the
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Bonatto" box="[321,496,854,878]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Pentatomoidea">Pentatomoidea</taxonomicName>
, as well as for the infrafamilial classification of the scutellerids, recognizing five subfamilies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="37.[113,752,182,1733]" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">
<emphasis box="[140,327,946,970]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Analytical result</emphasis>
: Although the status of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
has been debated (
<bibRefCitation author="Lattin, J. D." box="[426,573,976,1000]" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Berkeley, CA" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref30183" refString="Lattin, J. D., 1964. The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, CA." title="The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)" type="book" year="1964">Lattin, 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, R." box="[589,747,976,1000]" journalOrPublisher="J. Entomol. Soc. Queensland" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="41 - 55" part="4" refId="ref30022" refString="Kumar, R., 1965. Contributions in the morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Part I. Scutelleridae. J. Entomol. Soc. Queensland 4, 41 - 55." title="Contributions in the morphology and relationships of the Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Part I. Scutelleridae" type="journal article" year="1965">Kumar, 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="McDonald, F. J. D. &amp; Cassis, G." box="[113,443,1006,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref31013" refString="McDonald, F. J. D., Cassis, G., 1984. Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera). Aust. J. Zool. 32, 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae Leach (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
<collectingCountry box="[113,237,1006,1030]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">McDonald</collectingCountry>
and Cassis, 1984
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Fischer, C." box="[458,614,1006,1030]" journalOrPublisher="Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref28952" refString="Fischer, C., 2001. Ein Beitrag zum Grundmuster, phylogenetischen System und zur Verwandtschaft der Scutelleridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde. Freie Universitat, Berlin, Germany." title="Ein Beitrag zum Grundmuster, phylogenetischen System und zur Verwandtschaft der Scutelleridae (Heteroptera, Pentatomoidea). Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwurde" type="book" year="2001">Fischer, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cassis, G. &amp; Gross, G. F." bookContentInfo="737 pp." editor="Houston, W. W. K. &amp; Wells, A." journalOrPublisher="Melbourne, Australia, Vol. 27.3 B" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" refId="ref28008" refString="Cassis, G., Gross, G. F., 2002. Hemiptera- Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). In: Houston, W. W. K., Wells, A. (Eds.), Zoological Catalog of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, B. Melbourne, Australia, Vol. 27.3 B, xiv + 737 pp." title="Hemiptera- Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalog of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, B" year="2002">Cassis and Gross, 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Cassis, G. &amp; Vanags, L." box="[276,578,1037,1062]" editor="Rabitsch, W." journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="275 - 398" part="19" refId="ref28072" refString="Cassis, G., Vanags, L., 2006. Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae). In: Rabitsch, W. (Ed.): Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss., Denisia 19, 275 - 398." title="Jewel bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag von Ernst Heiss" year="2006">Cassis and Vanags, 2006</bibRefCitation>
), our analyses offer support for the concept of a monophyletic taxon, one that is reinforced by the morphological, molecular, and combined analyses. In addition to the morphological data, this conclusion is based on a reasonably good sample of previously unavailable DNA sequence data for one of the six recognized subfamilies. Morphological characters supporting scutellerid monophyly include one synapomorphic character: areas surrounding orificium receptaculi, in pars communis, with an elongate, grooved sclerite (
<superScript attach="none" box="[323,361,1337,1366]" fontSize="7" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">541</superScript>
). The exact relationship of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[113,258,1373,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
within the pentatomoid hierarchy is less clear, however.
<bibRefCitation author="Gapud, V." box="[299,460,1404,1428]" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Entomol." pageId="37" pageNumber="969" pagination="865 - 961" part="8" refId="ref29174" refString="Gapud, V., 1991. A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Philippine Entomol. 8, 865 - 961." title="A generic revision of the subfamily Asopinae with consideration of its phylogenetic position in the family Pentatomidae and superfamily Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1991">Gapud (1991)</bibRefCitation>
treated the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[606,750,1404,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
as the sister group of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot and Serville" box="[429,555,1434,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Canopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canopidae</taxonomicName>
, the two groups having a central position in the cladogram (
<figureCitation box="[606,685,1465,1489]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[113,146,856,875]" captionTargetBox="[159,1406,184,824]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[159,1407,183,824]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Diagrams showing hypotheses of Pentatomoidea classifications (Bonatto, 1988): (a) Singh-Pruthi, 1925; diagram and discussion; (b) Leston, 1958; Fig. 5; (c) China and Miller, 1959; Fig. 1; (d) Cobben, 1968; figs 269270; (e) Cobben, 1978; several figures and text; (f) proposed phylogeny of Pentatomoidea (Gapud, 1991). [Captions removed; all taxon names rendered in current spellings; part (f) not from Bonatto (1988).]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968593/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
). Our total evidence analyses are ambiguous as to the precise placement of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[309,457,1526,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
, but always put the group distal to the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dallas" authorityYear="1851" box="[254,406,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Plataspididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Plataspididae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oshanin" authorityYear="1922" box="[462,638,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Parastrachiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Parastrachiidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart-0="Figs 4952. 49" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionStartId-1="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionStartId-2="29.[113,146,1878,1897]" captionStartId-3="30.[135,168,1651,1670]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1378,184,1843]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1431,184,1620]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetId-2="figure@29.[187,1378,183,1843]" captionTargetId-3="figure@30.[177,1432,183,1620]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionTargetPageId-3="30" captionText-0="Figs 4952. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio." captionText-1="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-2="Fig. 54. One of four trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 2 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." captionText-3="Fig. 55. One of three trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio, which had the lowest MRI value. Bremer support values are shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968621" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968623" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3968621/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3968623/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Figs 51 55</figureCitation>
) and in the analyses under 1: 1 cost ratios always basal to the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kumar" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[335,549,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthosomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthosomatidae</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" box="[594,751,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="969" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[121,207,1648,1672]" captionStart="Figs 4952. 49" captionStartId="27.[113,152,1804,1823]" captionTargetBox="[181,1384,1071,1772]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 4952. 49. Single tree derived from analysis of ~470 bp of 28S rRNA using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 50. Single tree derived from analysis of ~1100 bp of COI mtDNA using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 51. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52- taxon data set using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. 52. Total evidence analysis with POY of 52-taxon data set using 2: 2 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968617/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">Figs 51</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[291,321,1648,1672]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[135,168,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[177,1432,184,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[177,1432,183,1708]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 53. One of six trees from total evidence analysis with POY of 92-taxon data set using 1: 1 indel transitiontransversion cost ratio. (d) Non-homoplasious; (s) homoplasious." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3968619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3968619/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="969">53</figureCitation>
). An improved sample of DNA sequence data across the range of scutellerid subfamilies might help to resolve this ambiguity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>