266 lines
28 KiB
XML
266 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="95BE316E79FE5CF88698C334CD43A227" ID-CLB-Dataset="51187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efd9df5e-1439-4724-ae76-a219f7c3ce70" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264653" ID-ZooBank="680D0FB4-F3BC-4562-B214-631067287218" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459686029873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. & Collins, Steve C." docDate="2016" docId="0386D843FFB5B124CEEC916525F3FFA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4066.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4066 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hypoleucis ophiusa Hewitson 1866" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="FFBFA03BFFA0B133CE7B927B2616FD2C" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="222" updateTime="1698208999773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B9741F36EAD4BD0D0A9479579433BEB9">
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<mods:title id="6280372DBC98CDFCB98615780E8372F7">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7929EDF59BA9D76DD92898BFE5A279C7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D35AE0B3E43913209176A0C5C7000607">
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<mods:roleTerm id="141355026031715F8B941D4A323B3A79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EAC981513AEDC5396DDD1A1F7E23BF55">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DEC28AFC448AB3082578C49DCEB95E08">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0991FAA88170063EC5912CE41F6EF8FB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="12BF0DBF88E8B1DBA0B2B3A87E37D359">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="13BE000FDAD9FA2B499CA062AD969963">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D2B6B874553C48C1460805D2C5415FE6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57A75D9370D5BCEE0426B85824FA4652">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8477CC88DD8F0D7470330497556458B">
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<mods:date id="11EADFB04C6E6A407C2DDD0CF0BE2E7C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D999E910F2A2564145F30FCF6F7F88C5" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="371AA6C72FB5D58A0D414B134160A0DB">4066</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="19AB5017D571D6C9901714AD0BE9EA11">3</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0386D843FFB5B124CEEC916525F3FFA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614516" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119333184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386D843FFB5B124CEEC916525F3FFA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386D843FFB5B124CEEC916525F3FFA9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB5B126CEEC916522D8FE8E" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB5B126CEEC9165245DFE14" blockId="21.[151,587,798,824]" box="[151,587,798,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<heading id="D0D8DE39FFB5B126CEEC9165245DFE14" bold="true" box="[151,587,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CEEC9165245DFE14" ID-CoL="3NWQ2" authority="Hewitson, 1866" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,587,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiusa">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CEEC9165245DFE14" bold="true" box="[151,587,798,824]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CEEC91652793FE14" bold="true" box="[151,389,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Hypoleucis ophiusa</emphasis>
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Hewitson, 1866
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB5B126CEEC911E22D8FE8E" blockId="21.[151,1436,869,930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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This species occurs in two subspecies, the nominate ssp. (
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<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB5B126CD63911E2590FE52" box="[792,902,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1865,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,985,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,985,1841]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adult Hypoleucis ophiusa ophiusa, Port Harcourt, Nigeria [© D. Motshagen]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264678/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Figure 25</figureCitation>
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) from
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CDA9911E223DFE52" box="[978,1067,869,894]" name="Senegal" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CA35911E228FFE52" box="[1102,1177,869,894]" name="Gabon" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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and western
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CB50911E237FFE52" box="[1323,1385,869,894]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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, and ssp.
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CEB291F22710FE8E" box="[201,262,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">ophir</emphasis>
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Evans from
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CFEE91F227FAFE8E" box="[405,492,905,930]" name="Uganda" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<typeStatus id="5494D7F7FFB5B126CF8091F1243BFE8E" box="[507,557,906,930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">type</typeStatus>
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locality), the rest of
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CD6D91F22547FE8E" box="[790,849,905,930]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CDFC91F225CAFE8E" box="[903,988,905,930]" name="Zambia" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB5B126CD9091F222D4FE8E" author="Ackery" box="[1003,1218,905,930]" pageId="21" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. & Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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Ackery
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CA3C91F1226EFE8E" box="[1095,1144,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">et al</emphasis>
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. 1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5039DDFFB5B126CEEC9532222DFA73" box="[151,1083,1865,1887]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264678/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" targetBox="[151,1436,985,1841]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB5B126CEEC9532222DFA73" blockId="21.[151,1083,1865,1887]" box="[151,1083,1865,1887]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CEEC9532270FFA73" bold="true" box="[151,281,1865,1887]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">FIGURE 25</emphasis>
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. Adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CF1E95322508FA73" authority="Port Harcourt" authorityName="Port Harcourt" box="[357,798,1865,1887]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ophiusa" subSpecies="ophiusa">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CF1E95322492FA73" box="[357,644,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Hypoleucis ophiusa ophiusa</emphasis>
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, Port Harcourt
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</taxonomicName>
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, Nigeria [© D. Motshagen].
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFB5B124CEBC95F725F3FFA9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB5B126CEBC95F7238AFAC1" blockId="21.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CEBC95F7274DFA89" bold="true" box="[199,347,1932,1957]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Food plants.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB5B126CF1895F62417FA89" author="Larsen" box="[355,513,1933,1957]" pageId="21" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 490 pp." type="book" year="1991">Larsen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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indicates that one species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CD3795F725DCFA89" box="[844,970,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CD3795F725DCFA89" box="[844,970,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Hypoleucis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is recorded from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CAE895F622C9FA88" box="[1171,1247,1933,1956]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CAE895F622C9FA88" box="[1171,1247,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Costus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; this is probably based on MJWC’s records for
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CF8D95CA2462FAE5" box="[502,628,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiusa">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CF8D95CA2462FAE5" box="[502,628,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">H. ophiusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(below).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB5B126CC9F95CA2588FAE4" author="Vuattoux" box="[740,926,1968,1992]" pageId="21" pageNumber="247" refString="Vuattoux, R. (1999) Les lepidopteres hesperiides de la Station de Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire). Lambillionea, 94, 562 - 568." type="journal article" year="1999">Vuattoux (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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reared this species six times at Lamto,
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB5B126CB1C95CB26E7FAC1" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CF4595AE27D5FAC1" box="[318,451,2005,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CF4595AE27D5FAC1" box="[318,451,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Costus afer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CC7995AE2506FAC1" box="[514,784,2004,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Paracostus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CC7995AE2506FAC1" box="[514,784,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Paracostus englerianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB5B126CD4495AE220DFAC1" box="[831,1051,2004,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="englerianus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB5B126CD4495AE220DFAC1" box="[831,1051,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Costus englerianus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB5B126CA2695AF2387FAC1" author="Specht" box="[1117,1425,2004,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="247" refString="Specht, C. D. & Stevenson, D. W. (2006) A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales). Taxon, 55 (1), 153 - 163. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 25065537" type="journal article" year="2006">Specht & Stevenson 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB6B125CEEC92E32314FC13" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFB6B125CEEC92E32721FD9C" author="Larsen" box="[151,311,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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describes finding caterpillars on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CCCD92E32510FD9C" box="[694,774,152,176]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CCCD92E32510FD9C" box="[694,774,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">C. afer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at Obudu Town,
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CDA992EC2230FD9C" box="[978,1062,151,176]" name="Nigeria" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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||
(
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<date id="FF914F95FFB6B125CA4D92E322B1FD9C" box="[1078,1191,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" value="1996-10">Oct 1996</date>
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): the leaf shelters are made of ‘rolled leaves and the caterpillar devours three-quarters of the leaf before changing shelter, and on this occasion almost defoliated the plant. Pupation took place at the very base of a leaf, attached by the cremaster at the stem of the food plant, without making a shelter’. The lack of a shelter may reflect the lack of leaves rather than normal biology (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2015). Vande weghe (2010) gives the food plant as
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CAD5935322ECFC13" box="[1198,1274,296,319]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CAD5935322ECFC13" box="[1198,1274,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Costus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B906955FFB6B125CEBC9337279FFF34" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
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MJWC reared
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CF14933627FAFC49" box="[367,492,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiusa">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CF14933627FAFC49" box="[367,492,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">H. ophiusa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CC69933724B0FC49" box="[530,678,332,357]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Côte d'Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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(MJWC 89/213) and
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<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CDD993372201FC48" box="[930,1047,332,356]" name="Cameroon" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
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(MJWC 90/207) on
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<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CB7D93362344FC48" box="[1286,1362,333,356]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CB7D93362344FC48" box="[1286,1362,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Costus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp(p). The food plant in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CF10930B27F6FCA4" box="[363,480,368,392]" name="Cameroon" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
was also the food plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CD59931425F3FCA4" box="[802,997,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Caenides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CD59931425F3FCA4" box="[802,997,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Caenides dacena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB6B125CACB93142309FCA4" box="[1200,1311,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1137,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,267,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,267,1113]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 28. Costus afer or C. lucanusianus, the food plant of Caenides dacena, Douala, Cameroon, 16 Jun 1990, MJWC 90 / 206." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264681/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Figure 28</figureCitation>
|
||
under that species; it was identified as either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CC4993EE24A1FC80" box="[562,695,404,428]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="afer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CC4993EE24A1FC80" box="[562,695,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Costus afer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CC9E93EE25B0FC81" box="[741,934,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CC9E93EE25B4FC81" box="[741,930,404,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucanusianus">C. lucanusianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillars did not accept
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CA8A93EF2366FC81" box="[1265,1392,404,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hedychium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CA8A93EF2366FC81" box="[1265,1392,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Hedychium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CEE593CC2756FCFC" box="[158,320,439,464]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in captivity. The following observations were made on two caterpillars collected in the Forêt du Yapo,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CE9B93A72761FCD9" box="[224,375,476,501]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FF914F95FFB6B125CFE693A62406FCD8" box="[413,528,476,500]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" value="1989-06">June 1989</date>
|
||
(MJWC 89/213), except the head and spiracle measurements are the average of all material available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB6B125CEBC905F25ACFF84" blockId="22.[151,1436,151,680]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CEBC905F2771FF11" bold="true" box="[199,359,548,573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Leaf shelters.</emphasis>
|
||
The leaf shelters are distinctive; a leaf of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB6B125CDFD905F2219FF11" box="[902,1039,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="150.0">150-200mm</quantity>
|
||
length is cut diagonally at about 1/ 3 from base, from one margin, through the mid-rib to within a
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB6B125CD3690332583FF4C" box="[845,917,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="10.0">10mm</quantity>
|
||
of the other margin; the hanging distal portion is then rolled upwards to make a tubular shelter of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB6B125CD4F90172578FFA9" box="[820,878,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="5.0">5mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB6B125CA609017229EFFA9" box="[1051,1160,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50-80mm</quantity>
|
||
length. The leaf shelter found near Douala,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB6B125CF0E90EB27FCFF84" box="[373,490,656,680]" name="Cameroon" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MJWC 90/207) was noted to be similar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5039DDFFB6B125CEEC952B26A1FAEE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264679/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" targetBox="[151,1436,735,1847]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB6B125CEEC952B26A1FAEE" blockId="22.[151,1436,1872,1986]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CEEC952B2737FA4A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1872,1894]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Caterpillars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CFB9952B24F2FA4A" box="[450,740,1872,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Hypoleucis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ophiusa" subSpecies="ophiusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CFB9952B24F2FA4A" box="[450,740,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Hypoleucis ophiusa ophiusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB6B125CD0E952A25ACFA4A" box="[885,954,1873,1894]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="22" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CD0E952A25ACFA4A" box="[885,954,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">Costus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; MJWC 89/213B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CF379515274EFAA8" bold="true" box="[332,344,1902,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">1</emphasis>
|
||
, penultimate instar, detail of head in anterodorsal view; moulted and photographed 14 Jun; 15mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CB2895152376FAA8" bold="true" box="[1363,1376,1902,1924]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">2</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar, detail of head in anterodorsolateral view; moulted and photographed 14 Jun; 21mm;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB6B125CA4295F62250FA8F" bold="true" box="[1081,1094,1933,1955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="223">3</emphasis>
|
||
, final instar, dorsolateral view, as #2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB7B124CEBC92EC22B6FC81" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB7B124CEBC92EC2747FD9C" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Caterpillar.</emphasis>
|
||
The penultimate and n-2 instars are translucent dark green with a black, rugose head, paler ventrally (Figure 26.1); the head of the former measured 0.8 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CD1892C725A4FDF8" box="[867,946,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2mm</quantity>
|
||
wide x high, and of the later 1.8 x
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CB3C92C7238FFDF8" box="[1351,1433,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1mm</quantity>
|
||
. The final instar (Figure 26.2–3) measured
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CC04929B24D1FDD4" box="[639,711,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="21.0">21mm</quantity>
|
||
about half way through the instar; head 2.3 x 3.3 wide x high, indent at vertex, widest towards base; rugose; very light brown with brown line adjacent to epicranial suture and from vertex laterally to stemmata; brown line down centre of each epicranium; half of adfrontals against frons brown. Body dull, translucent green, dorsal line darker; pronotum a narrow black plate on posterior margin T1, stopping short of the spiracles; spiracles light brown, those of T1 and A8 more conspicuous; pale subcutaneous patch around and above spiracle A8; all legs concolorous except those of T1 slightly brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B906955FFB7B124CEBC93CC25F3FFA9" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB7B124CEBC93CC271AFCFC" bold="true" box="[199,268,439,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
MJWC found that in captivity the pupa is formed in the last caterpillar leaf shelter. No description was prepared of the pupa from life. It is similar in shape to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB7B124CD1F93A725D5FCD9" box="[868,963,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Semalea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB7B124CD1F93A725D5FCD9" box="[868,963,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Semalea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFB7B124CA5493A722ADFCD9" box="[1071,1211,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Xanthodisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFB7B124CA5493A722ADFCD9" box="[1071,1211,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Xanthodisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., but the colour is light green apart from a dark dorsal line on thorax and abdomen, brown spiracles and the light brown rim to the spiracle of T1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFB7B124CF3A905F27A5FF10" box="[321,435,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,700,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,700,1742]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pupa of Hypoleucis ophiusa ophiusa, collected on Costus sp., Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 3 Jun 1989; pupated 29 Jun; photographed 1 Jul; adult 18 Jul; MJWC 89 / 213 B. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264680/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Figure 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). The emerged pupa is white. The rim of spiracle T1 measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CA0D905F22C4FF10" box="[1142,1234,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44mm</quantity>
|
||
dorsally,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CB3B905F238AFF10" box="[1344,1436,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42mm</quantity>
|
||
ventrally,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CF7190332770FF4C" box="[266,358,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.29">0.29mm</quantity>
|
||
posteriorly and the hole is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFB7B124CCD290332513FF4C" box="[681,773,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34mm</quantity>
|
||
wide dorsoventrally. The pupa took 20 days to complete development, while another from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFB7B124CC689017249EFFA8" box="[531,648,620,644]" name="Cameroon" pageId="23" pageNumber="224">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MJWC 90/207) took 26 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |