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<mods:title id="0A878A6B84B7EF28F54DB8A527B13857">Taxonomic notes on Mahanarva (Ipiranga) (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D77105FFDFAB05CDD3FA79FB2BFD26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6134027" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119588658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6134027" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D77105FFDFAB05CDD3FA79FB2BFD26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D77105FFDFAB05CDD3FA79FB2BFD26" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<subSubSection id="C3649398FFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE05FA7B" box="[151,425,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE05FA7B" blockId="1.[151,425,1470,1496]" box="[151,425,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<heading id="D089777FFFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE05FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,425,1470,1496]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE05FA7B" ID-CoL="5K7B" ID-ENA="295228" authority="(Ipiranga)" baseAuthorityName="Ipiranga" box="[151,425,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE05FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,425,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CDD3FA79FE89FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,293,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Mahanarva</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CC71FA79FE33FA7B" bold="true" box="[309,415,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Ipiranga</emphasis>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3649398FFDFAB06CDD3F9C2FA8EF9B8" box="[151,1314,1541,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDFAB06CDD3F9C2FA8EF9B8" blockId="1.[151,1314,1541,1563]" box="[151,1314,1541,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6EE73DFFDFAB06CDD3F9C2FA8EF9B8" box="[151,1314,1541,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDFAB06CDD3F9C2FDEFF9B8" ID-CoL="8DTV" authority="Fennah, 1968: 186" authorityName="Fennah" authorityPageNumber="186" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,579,1541,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ipiranga">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CDD3F9C2FEA1F9B8" box="[151,269,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Mahanarva</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CC58F9C1FED9F9B8" box="[284,373,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Ipiranga</emphasis>
)
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFE602FFDFAB06CCC7F9C2FDEFF9B8" author="Fennah" box="[387,579,1541,1563]" page="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDFAB06CCC7F9C2FDBCF9B8" author="Fennah" box="[387,528,1541,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1968) Revisionary notes on the new world genera of cercopid froghoppers (Homoptera: Cercopoidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 58, 165 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485300055954" type="journal article" year="1968">Fennah, 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 186
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDFAB06CF09F9C1FDD3F9B8" box="[589,639,1542,1563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDFAB06CF98F9C2FBB6F9B8" ID-CoL="73NG2" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" box="[732,1050,1541,1563]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Monecphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicunda">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CF98F9C2FC60F9B8" box="[732,972,1541,1563]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Monecphora rubicunda</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
(by original designation).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3649398FFDFAB06CDD3F980FBA6F8DC" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDFAB06CDD3F980FBA6F8DC" blockId="1.[151,1437,1607,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CDD3F980FEBDF9C3" bold="true" box="[151,273,1607,1632]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head with a wide tylus, vertex and tylus strongly carinate, postclypeus inflated, in females with an angulated profile (obtuse angle), with one prominent longitudinal carina and lateral grooves strongly marked. Tegmina wide. Metathoracic tibiae with apical crown bearing two or three rows of spines covered by dense setae. Tarsal claws with a subungueal process present and triangular. Pygofer with one process between anal tube and subgenital plates, subgenital plates longer than pygofer with a rounded apex; paramere robust, usually with a single, strong, sclerotized, hook-like spine with apex acute or obtuse; aedeagus cylindrical, with one pair of long and slender dorsal processes, shorter than shaft inserted at middle. Ovipositor with first valvulae long and slender with an acute apex and one basal, rounded process, directed downward; second valvulae long, with apical portion of dorsal margin serrate; third valvulae short and wide, with long ventral setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3649398FFDFAB05CD83F84BFB2BFD26" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDFAB06CD83F84BFEC0F86A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1607,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CD83F84BFECCF806" bold="true" box="[199,352,1932,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CC36F84AFE62F807" box="[370,462,1933,1956]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CCA0F84BFDC0F806" box="[484,620,1932,1957]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CFC7F84BFD55F806" box="[643,761,1932,1957]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CE4BF84BFC29F806" box="[783,901,1932,1957]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CEDFF84BFBA0F806" box="[923,1036,1932,1957]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06C967F84BFB2EF806" box="[1059,1154,1932,1957]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06C9DDF84BFB42F806" box="[1177,1262,1932,1957]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06C840F84AFA96F807" box="[1284,1338,1933,1956]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06C815F84BFA34F806" box="[1361,1432,1932,1957]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CDD3F876FEADF86A" box="[151,257,1969,1993]" name="Paraguay" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDFAB06CC41F876FEC4F86A" box="[261,360,1969,1993]" name="Uruguay" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDFAB05CD83F813FE8CFEBF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1607,2029]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="481" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CD83F813FE35F84E" bold="true" box="[199,409,2004,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDFAB06CF05F813FD44F84E" author="Fennah" box="[577,744,2004,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1968) Revisionary notes on the new world genera of cercopid froghoppers (Homoptera: Cercopoidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 58, 165 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485300055954" type="journal article" year="1968">Fennah (1968)</bibRefCitation>
the
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDFAB06CE59F812FCE1F84E" box="[797,845,2005,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDFAB06CE96F813FBF9F84F" box="[978,1109,2004,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="480" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDFAB06CE96F813FBF9F84F" box="[978,1109,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="480">Mahanarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a single female specimen from an unknown locality in
<collectingCountry id="F3698083FFDCAB05CC9EFF50FDB2FF13" box="[474,542,151,176]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and its general appearance is represented by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDCAB05C951FF50FB72FF13" author="Lallemand" box="[1045,1246,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" refString="Lallemand, V. (1912) Homoptera. Fam. Cercopidae. Genera Insectorum, 143, 1 - 167." type="journal article" year="1912">Lallemand (1912)</bibRefCitation>
being the profile of the postclypeus similar to that found in
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CF30FF7BFD03FF77" box="[628,687,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Zulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CF30FF7BFD03FF77" box="[628,687,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Zulia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CFA3FF7BFCD9FF77" box="[743,885,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Sphenorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CFA3FF7BFCD9FF77" box="[743,885,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Sphenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDCAB05CEC0FF7BFB0EFF76" author="Carvalho" box="[900,1186,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" refString="Carvalho, G. S. &amp; Webb, M. D. (2005) Cercopid Spittlebugs of the New World: (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cercopidae). Sofia, Pensoft, 271 pp." type="book" year="2005">Carvalho &amp; Webb (2005)</bibRefCitation>
in their book pictured the female
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDCAB05CC59FF27FEDBFF5B" box="[285,375,224,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
, according to these authors its external appearance is dissimilar from the other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CDD3FEC3FEB6FEBF" box="[151,282,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CDD3FEC3FEB6FEBF" box="[151,282,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Mahanarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDCAB05CD83FEEFFAB3FE56" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">
In addition to the characteristics highlighted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDCAB05CE43FEE0FC1CFEE3" author="Fennah" box="[775,944,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1968) Revisionary notes on the new world genera of cercopid froghoppers (Homoptera: Cercopoidea). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 58, 165 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0007485300055954" type="journal article" year="1968">Fennah (1968)</bibRefCitation>
the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05C924FEEFFB6EFE9C" box="[1120,1218,296,319]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Ipiranga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05C924FEEFFB6EFE9C" box="[1120,1218,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Ipiranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have an angulated postclypeus and the rostrum reaches only the base of mesocoxae. Overall,
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05C90CFE8AFB06FEC7" box="[1096,1194,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Ipiranga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05C90CFE8AFB06FEC7" box="[1096,1194,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Ipiranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CC70FEB7FE1BFE2B" box="[308,439,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CC70FEB7FE1BFE2B" box="[308,439,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Mahanarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of a strongly receding postclypeus, a relatively narrow body form (
<figureCitation id="1345DC96FFDCAB05CDDBFE53FF59FE0F" box="[159,245,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 21" captionStartId="4.[151,264,781,804]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,200,755]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,193,761]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 21. Dorsal habitus of type specimens of Mahanarva (Ipiranga) species: 13. Mahanarva (Ipiranga) aguirrei; 14. M. (I.) bahiaensis; 15. M. (I.) indentata; 16. M. (I.) integra; 17. M. (I.) fortunata; 18. M. (I.) rubicunda; 19. M. (I.) rubripennis; 20. M. (I.) takiyae; 21. M. (I.) vitatta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231071/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Figs 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1345DC96FFDCAB05CC45FE53FE8CFE0F" box="[257,288,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 25" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1353,1376]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,375,1332]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,375,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 25. Natural habitat of Mahanarva species. 22. M. (Ipiranga) integra: Brazil, Paraná, São José dos Pinhais (photo by Alexandre Domahovski); 23. M. (Ipiranga) rubripennis: Brazil, São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Ecológica de Boracéia (photo by Andressa Paladini); 24. M. (Mahanarva) liturata: Brazil, Paraná, São José dos Pinhais (photo by Alexandre Domahovski); 25. Nymph of unidentified Cercopidae species inside the spittle mass after a rain: Brazil, Paraná, Piranquara, Mananciais da Serra (photo by Paschoal Coelho Grossi)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/231072/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">23</figureCitation>
), male genitalia similar to the
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDCAB05CF35FE52FD0DFE0E" box="[625,673,405,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
species of the subgenus with a slender and more elongate paramere, aedeagus with dorsal processes shorter than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CFAAFE7FFCDDFE73" box="[750,881,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CFAAFE7FFCDDFE73" box="[750,881,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Mahanarva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female with first ovipositor valvulae with basal processes smaller than those of
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CCBEFE1BFD28FE57" box="[506,644,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CCBEFE1BFD2CFE57" box="[506,640,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Mahanarva" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mahanarva</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CE0CFE1AFC06FE57" box="[840,938,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Ipiranga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CE0CFE1AFC06FE57" box="[840,938,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Ipiranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can exhibit color polymorphism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDCAB05CD83FE38FAF5FD9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEFBDE2FFDCAB05CD83FE38FE5BFDBB" author="Carvalho" box="[199,503,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" refString="Carvalho, G. S. &amp; Webb, M. D. (2005) Cercopid Spittlebugs of the New World: (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cercopidae). Sofia, Pensoft, 271 pp." type="book" year="2005">Carvalho &amp; Webb (2005)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05CFC8FDC6FC96FDBB" box="[652,826,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Luederwaldtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05CFC8FDC6FC96FDBB" box="[652,826,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">M. rubripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has features in common with both subgenera; the postclypeus is angular in profile as in the
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDCAB05CF2DFDE2FD35FD9E" box="[617,665,549,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
subgenus but the tegmen is more elongate as in
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05C9FCFDE2FB7BFD9F" box="[1208,1239,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">M.</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05C9A3FDE2FAE5FD9F" box="[1255,1353,549,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Ipiranga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05C9A3FDE2FAE5FD9F" box="[1255,1353,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">Ipiranga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1C013FFDCAB05CD83FD80FB2BFD26" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">
Examining the
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDCAB05CC39FD8FFE01FDC3" box="[381,429,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">type</typeStatus>
series (
<specimenCount id="9D780B9AFFDCAB05CF4BFD8FFDC6FDC3" box="[527,618,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D780B9AFFDCAB05CFE8FD8FFCB2FDC3" box="[684,798,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C57EB1FFDCAB05CE6EFD8FFC22FDC3" box="[810,910,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) and other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7EBB90FFDCAB05C985FD8EFAC3FDC3" box="[1217,1391,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Cercopidae" genus="Luederwaldtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripennis">
<emphasis id="B90A1C01FFDCAB05C985FD8EFAC3FDC3" box="[1217,1391,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="481">M. rubripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we observed that the postcylpeus is convex and not angulated as the others authors described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>