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<document ID-DOI="10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418787" approvalRequired="17" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1630369566044" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A." docDate="2006" docId="03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2006.38.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (4)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acestrocephalus acutus Menezes 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="FF8C262626745A428D19FFEA4E3DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="385" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" updateTime="1630681943096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2006-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>385</mods:start>
<mods:end>400</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5418787</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<subSubSection box="[278,681,1630,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[278,681,1630,1685]" box="[278,681,1630,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<heading box="[278,681,1630,1654]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,681,1630,1654]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<taxonomicName authority="Menezes, 2006" authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[278,539,1630,1654]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[278,539,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Acestrocephalus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[551,681,1630,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[445,514,1662,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[278,681,1630,1685]" box="[445,514,1662,1685]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<figureCitation box="[445,514,1662,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[158,197,598,621]" captionTargetBox="[161,1484,192,578]" captionTargetId="figure-756@12.[161,1484,192,578]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 13. Acestrocephalus acutus, MZUSP 31650, holotype, mature female, 80 mm SL, igarapé do Cinzento, rio Itacaiunas, rio Tocantins drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418813/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Fig.13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,802,1726,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" county="Caldeirao" location="rio Itacaiunas" municipality="Cinzento" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MZUSP 31650" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,253,1726,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<typeStatus box="[158,253,1726,1747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCode box="[264,412,1726,1747]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MZUSP 31650</specimenCode>
, mature female,
<quantity box="[570,636,1726,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[680,742,1726,1747]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[751,798,1726,1747]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Pará</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty box="[158,253,1755,1776]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Caldeirão</collectingCounty>
, igarapé do
<collectingMunicipality box="[363,451,1755,1776]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Cinzento</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8CD3F9314C76F941" box="[458,587,1755,1776]" country="Brazil" county="Caldeirao" municipality="Cinzento" name="rio Itacaiunas" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Para">rio Itacaiúnas</location>
, by
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8F76F9314D20F941" box="[623,797,1755,1776]" country="Brazil" county="Caldeirao" municipality="Cinzento" name="Michael Goulding" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Para">Michael Goulding</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8D87F9124F3AF8BC" box="[158,263,1784,1805]" country="Brazil" county="Caldeirao" municipality="Cinzento" name="November" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Para">November</location>
, 1983.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[158,802,1726,1978]" lastBlockId="12.[839,1482,696,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-01-08" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Jose C. Oliveira" country="Brazil" location="rio Bezerra" municipality="Arraias" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MZUSP 40830, 3, 73.5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,260,1813,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<typeStatus box="[158,260,1813,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCode box="[271,416,1813,1834]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MZUSP 40830</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[424,437,1813,1834]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">3</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[446,489,1813,1834]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">73.5</specimenCode>
-101.0 mm SL,
<collectingCountry box="[634,695,1813,1834]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[702,798,1813,1834]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[158,232,1841,1862]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Arraias</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8DEFF8DB4F5BF8F7" box="[246,358,1841,1862]" country="Brazil" municipality="Arraias" name="rio Bezerra" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">rio Bezerra</location>
near bridge on road GO-112, rio
<collectingRegion box="[706,800,1841,1862]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
drainage, by
<collectorName box="[286,447,1870,1891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">José C. Oliveira</collectorName>
,
<date box="[457,611,1870,1891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1989-01-08">
<collectingDate box="[457,611,1870,1891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1989-01-08">8 January 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Cristiano" country="Brazil" location="rio Manuel Alves da Natividade" municipality="Porto Alegre" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MZUSP 82105, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[621,772,1870,1891]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MZUSP 82105</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[783,796,1870,1891]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">3</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[158,262,1899,1920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="59.0" valueMax="68.0" valueMin="50.0">50-68 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingMunicipality box="[314,441,1899,1920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Porto Alegre</collectingMunicipality>
do
<collectingRegion box="[483,581,1899,1920]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8F4BF8814F31F82C" country="Brazil" municipality="Porto Alegre" name="rio Manuel Alves da Natividade" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">rio Manuel Alves da Natividade</location>
, rio
<collectingRegion box="[313,407,1928,1949]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
drainage, by
<collectorName box="[544,634,1928,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Cristiano</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-07-20" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Moreira, J. C &amp; M. Avila" country="Brazil" location="Nolasco" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[641,660,1928,1949]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[671,797,1928,1949]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Moreira, J.C</collectorName>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8D87F84F4ECDF80B" box="[158,240,1957,1978]" country="Brazil" name="Nolasco" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Nolasco</location>
, and
<collectorName box="[294,386,1957,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">M. Ávila</collectorName>
,
<date box="[396,527,1957,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-07-20">
<collectingDate box="[396,527,1957,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-07-20">20 July 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-09-22" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="Jose C. Oliveira &amp; Wilson, J. M &amp; Costa" country="Brazil" location="rio Bezerra" municipality="Monte Alegre" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MZUSP 40691, 6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[538,689,1957,1978]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MZUSP 40691</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[700,714,1957,1978]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">6</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[726,877,696,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.325" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.15" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="63.25" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="51.5">51.5-75 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingRegion box="[929,990,696,717]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Goiás</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality box="[1001,1138,696,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Monte Alegre</collectingMunicipality>
de
<collectingRegion box="[1180,1239,696,717]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Goiás</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E89FDFD524B6BFD7C" box="[1252,1366,696,717]" country="Brazil" municipality="Monte Alegre" name="rio Bezerra" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Goias">rio Bezerra</location>
, right bank tributary of rio
<collectingRegion box="[988,1057,725,746]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Paraná</collectingRegion>
, rio
<collectingRegion box="[1099,1194,725,746]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
drainage, by
<collectorName box="[1325,1481,725,746]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">José C. Oliveira</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[882,1007,753,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Wilson, J.M</collectorName>
.
<collectorName box="[1018,1076,753,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Costa</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1088,1285,753,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1989-09-22">
<collectingDate box="[1088,1285,753,774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1989-09-22">22 September 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 15855" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="da Laje" country="Brazil" location="Niquelandia" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<accessionNumber box="[1296,1418,753,774]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP15855" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<collectionCode box="[1296,1347,753,774]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MCP</collectionCode>
15855
</accessionNumber>
,
<specimenCode box="[1431,1443,753,774]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
SL,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8E85FCE44A2AFC92" box="[924,1047,782,803]" country="Brazil" name="Niquelandia" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Niquelândia</location>
: ribeirão
<collectorName box="[1140,1215,782,803]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">da Laje</collectorName>
, rio
<collectingRegion box="[1259,1354,782,803]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
drainage, by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation box="[839,1408,811,832]" collectingDate="1992-07-17" collectionCode="R" collectorName="E. Reis &amp; J. Pezzi &amp; Pereira &amp; L. A. Porto" country="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[839,858,811,832]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName box="[861,933,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">E. Reis</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[942,1017,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">J. Pezzi</collectorName>
, E.
<collectorName box="[1052,1121,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Pereira</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[1167,1272,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">L.A. Porto</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1281,1408,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1992-07-17">
<collectingDate box="[1281,1408,811,832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1992-07-17">17 July 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1985-10-08" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Gustavo Nunan &amp; D. F. Moraes" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.466666" location="Peixe" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-48.75" municipality="Niquelandia" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MNRJ 28716, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MNRJ 28716</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[910,922,840,861]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[932,998,840,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1042,1164,840,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Niquelândia</collectingMunicipality>
: rio do
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E89C9FCA24B35FCEC" box="[1232,1288,840,861]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.466666" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-48.75" municipality="Niquelandia" name="Peixe" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Maranhao">Peixe</location>
, right bank tributary of rio
<collectingRegion box="[905,1007,869,890]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
, rio
<collectingRegion box="[1056,1151,869,890]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
drainage,
<geoCoordinate box="[1261,1342,869,890]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-14.466666">14º28S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1355,1443,869,890]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-48.75">48º45W</geoCoordinate>
, by
<collectorName box="[839,990,897,918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Gustavo Nunan</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[1037,1160,897,918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">D.F. Moraes</collectorName>
,
<date box="[1169,1335,897,918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1985-10-08">
<collectingDate box="[1169,1335,897,918]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1985-10-08">08 October 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="D. F. Moraes &amp; D. A. Halboth" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.816667" location="Serra da Mesa" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="-48.183334" municipality="Colinas do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MNRJ 17612, 28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[1344,1477,897,918]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MNRJ 17612</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[839,865,926,947]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">28</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[876,996,926,947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.87" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="3.94" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="68.7" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="39.4">39.4-98 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1043,1192,926,947]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Colinas do Sul</collectingMunicipality>
: pools in rio
<collectingRegion box="[1321,1415,926,947]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
below reservoir of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8EDDFC514A65FC61" box="[964,1112,955,976]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.816667" longLatPrecision="1289" longitude="-48.183334" municipality="Colinas do Sul" name="Serra da Mesa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Serra da Mesa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1125,1205,955,976]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-13.816667">13º49S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1218,1305,955,976]" degrees="48" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-48.183334">48º11W</geoCoordinate>
, by
<collectorName box="[1351,1478,955,976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">D.F. Moraes</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[839,973,984,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">D.A. Halboth</collectorName>
, O
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation box="[1005,1249,984,1005]" collectionCode="T" country="Brazil" location="Oyakawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[1005,1022,984,1005]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">T</collectionCode>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8911FC324A59FC5C" box="[1032,1124,984,1005]" country="Brazil" name="Oyakawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Oyakawa</location>
et alii, 1996
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-01-29" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="P. Buckup &amp; A. Aranda &amp; F. Silva &amp; C. Figueiredo" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" latitude="-14.669167" location="Serra da Mesa" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.353333" municipality="Cavalcante" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MNRJ 28717" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[1258,1392,984,1005]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MNRJ 28717</specimenCode>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1035" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="1103.5">1, 103.5 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCounty box="[931,1010,1013,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Minaçu</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1024,1139,1013,1034]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Cavalcante</collectingMunicipality>
: rio
<collectingRegion box="[1189,1286,1013,1034]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
in
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8834FC1F4BF8FBBB" box="[1325,1477,1013,1034]" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" latitude="-14.669167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.353333" municipality="Cavalcante" name="Serra da Mesa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Serra da Mesa</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[839,940,1041,1062]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="9" value="-14.669167">14º409&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[951,1073,1041,1062]" degrees="52" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-52.353333">52º2112&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, by
<collectorName box="[1114,1215,1041,1062]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">P. Buckup</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1224,1327,1041,1062]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. Aranda</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1337,1411,1041,1062]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">F. Silva</collectorName>
and
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="397">C. Figueiredo</collectorName>
,
<date box="[957,1123,1070,1091]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-29">
<collectingDate box="[957,1123,1070,1091]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-29">29 January 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Ponte Rubiao &amp; D. F. Moraes &amp; D. A. Halboth" country="Brazil" location="Colinas do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MNRJ 18315, 2, 28.5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[1133,1268,1070,1091]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MNRJ 18315</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[1278,1292,1070,1091]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">2</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[1303,1346,1070,1091]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">28.5</specimenCode>
and 72.0 mm SL,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8E77FBA14A3DFBD1" box="[878,1024,1099,1120]" country="Brazil" name="Colinas do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Colinas do Sul</location>
: pools in left bank of rio
<collectingRegion box="[1263,1357,1099,1120]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
above
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Ponte Rubião</collectorName>
, by
<collectorName box="[956,1082,1128,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">D.F. Moraes</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[1093,1230,1128,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">D.A. Halboth</collectorName>
, O
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-10-28" collectionCode="T" country="Brazil" location="Oyakawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tocantins" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[1264,1281,1128,1149]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">T</collectionCode>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8814FB824B54FBCC" box="[1293,1385,1128,1149]" country="Brazil" name="Oyakawa" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Tocantins">Oyakawa</location>
et al.,
<date pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1996-10-28">
<collectingDate pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1996-10-28">28 October 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="F. A. G. Melo &amp; P. A. Buckup" country="Taiwan" latitude="-15.481111" location="rio Parana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-47.3425" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MNRJ 21136, 1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[983,1115,1157,1178]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MNRJ 21136</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[1125,1137,1157,1178]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[1148,1215,1157,1178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[1260,1349,1157,1178]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Formosa</collectingCountry>
: tributaries of
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8E5EFB4B4D90FB07" box="[839,941,1185,1206]" country="Taiwan" latitude="-15.481111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-47.3425" name="rio Parana" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">rio Paraná</location>
, north of
<collectingCountry box="[1035,1123,1185,1206]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Formosa</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1132,1246,1185,1206]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-15.481111">15º2852&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1257,1378,1185,1206]" degrees="47" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-47.3425">47º2033&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, by
<collectorName pageId="12" pageNumber="397">F.A.G. Melo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName box="[903,1027,1214,1235]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">P.A. Buckup</collectorName>
and M
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation box="[1105,1410,1214,1235]" collectingDate="2000-11-21" collectionCode="R" country="Taiwan" location="Melo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode box="[1105,1125,1214,1235]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">R</collectionCode>
.S.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8999FB544A8BFB62" box="[1152,1206,1214,1235]" country="Taiwan" name="Melo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Melo</location>
,
<date box="[1217,1410,1214,1235]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2000-11-21">
<collectingDate box="[1217,1410,1214,1235]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2000-11-21">21 November 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[839,1482,696,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,1032,1243,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Non type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-11" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.433333" location="rio Teles Pires" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-54.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MZUSP 63009, 4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<specimenCode box="[1048,1201,1243,1264]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MZUSP 63009</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[1214,1228,1243,1264]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">4</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[1241,1363,1243,1264]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.175" metricValueMax="9.65" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="91.75" valueMax="96.5" valueMin="87.0">87-96.5 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[1415,1477,1243,1264]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[839,974,1272,1293]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
: Paranatinga,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8946FB124AC8FABC" box="[1119,1269,1272,1293]" country="Brazil" latitude="-14.433333" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="-54.6" name="rio Teles Pires" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Teles Pires</location>
, fazenda do Antônio Bezerra,
<geoCoordinate box="[929,1005,1301,1322]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-14.433333">14º26S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1009,1100,1301,1322]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="925" value="-54.6">54º36W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1113,1276,1301,1322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1997-11">
<collectingDate box="[1113,1276,1301,1322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="1997-11">November 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-01-22" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.238056" location="rio Tels Pires" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.807777" municipality="Nova Canaa do Norte" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="MCP 30" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<specimenCode box="[1288,1371,1301,1322]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MCP 30</specimenCode>
485, 2, 76 and
<quantity box="[881,951,1329,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingMunicipality box="[1000,1219,1329,1350]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Nova Canaã do Norte</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E89D7FADB4B6DFAF7" box="[1230,1360,1329,1350]" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.238056" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.807777" municipality="Nova Canaa do Norte" name="rio Tels Pires" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Tels Pires</location>
on road
<locationDeviation firstLocation="Nova Canaa do Norte" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" secondLocation="Alta Floresta">between Nova Canaã do Norte and Alta Floresta</locationDeviation>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1356,1476,1358,1379]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="17" value="-10.238056">10º1417&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[839,966,1387,1408]" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-55.807777">55º4828&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[980,1158,1387,1408]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-22">
<collectingDate box="[980,1158,1387,1408]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-22">22 January 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="MCP 30481" collectingDate="2002-01-20" collectionCode="MCP" collectorName="Tabapora &amp; Porto dos Gauchos" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.654166" location="rio Teles Pires" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.655003" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" specimenCode="1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<accessionNumber box="[1172,1300,1387,1408]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP30481" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<collectionCode box="[1172,1223,1387,1408]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">MCP</collectionCode>
30481
</accessionNumber>
,
<specimenCode box="[1314,1327,1387,1408]" collectionCode="MCP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[1343,1435,1387,1408]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="39.3">39.3 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectorName box="[839,933,1416,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Tabaporã</collectorName>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E26785A4F8C0FF9B44A1BF975:8EC3B99326785A4E8EB5FA624A08FA2C" box="[940,1077,1416,1437]" country="Brazil" latitude="-11.654166" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-55.655003" name="rio Teles Pires" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">rio Teles Pires</location>
on road MT-220
<locationDeviation box="[1242,1482,1416,1437]" firstLocation="Sinop" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" secondLocation="Porto">
between Sinop and
<collectorName box="[1429,1482,1416,1437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Porto</collectorName>
</locationDeviation>
dos Gaúchos,
<geoCoordinate box="[976,1090,1445,1466]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-11.654166">11º3915&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1100,1221,1445,1466]" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-55.655003">55º3918&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date box="[1232,1396,1445,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-20">
<collectingDate box="[1232,1396,1445,1466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" value="2002-01-20">20 January 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="397" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="12.[839,1482,1505,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,948,1506,1529]" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Among the species of
<taxonomicName box="[1215,1390,1505,1529]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1215,1390,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without dark humeral blotch,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1067,1167,1538,1561]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[1067,1167,1538,1561]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName box="[972,1148,1569,1593]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[972,1148,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a smaller eye (28.0- 31.7
<emphasis box="[887,909,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">vs</emphasis>
<quantity box="[913,1033,1602,1625]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.775699999999999" metricValueMax="9.271" metricValueMin="8.2804" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="in" value="34.55" valueMax="36.5" valueMin="32.6">32.6-36.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1201,1601,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrifasciatus">
<emphasis box="[1037,1201,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. nigrifasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity box="[1246,1367,1602,1625]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7249" metricValueMax="9.4996" metricValueMin="7.9502" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="in" value="34.35" valueMax="37.4" valueMin="31.3">31.3-37.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName box="[1371,1474,1601,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[1371,1474,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; compare tables 3, 12 and 13) and an oblong dark blotch at caudal base instead of the triangular dark blotch present on the caudal base of those two species (compare
<figureCitation box="[1332,1405,1698,1721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,190,750,773]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetId="figure-450@3.[151,1474,192,729]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Acestrocephalus sardina, MZUSP 81209, 93 mm SL, immature female, rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418793/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[1417,1432,1698,1721]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[151,190,696,719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1474,192,678]" captionTargetId="figure-372@7.[151,1475,192,678]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 9. Acestrocephalus boehlkei, MZUSP 12993, paratype, 85 mm SL, mature male, Río Punino, Río Napo drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418805/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">9</figureCitation>
, and 12). It differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1045,1160,1729,1753]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis box="[1045,1160,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of the oblong dark blotch
<emphasis box="[960,982,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">vs</emphasis>
absence of dark blotch at caudal base. The shape of the muscular hiatus of the pseudotympanum and the muscular arrangement around it in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1172,1271,1826,1849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[1172,1271,1826,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1325,1441,1825,1849]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis box="[1325,1441,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. pallidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also different (compare figs. 5f and
<quantity box="[1195,1221,1858,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" unit="g" value="5.0">5g</quantity>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1240,1481,1857,1881]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[1240,1481,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">Acestrocephalus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1880" box="[968,1097,1889,1913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Acestrorhynchidae" genus="Xiphorhamphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="397" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anomalus">
<emphasis box="[968,1097,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">A. anomalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having more teeth in the posterior row on dentary (28-36
<emphasis box="[1073,1095,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">vs</emphasis>
23-28) and fewer teeth in the external tooth row on premaxilla (6-8
<emphasis box="[1133,1155,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="397">vs</emphasis>
8-11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,281,194,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Description</emphasis>
. Morphometrics of
<typeStatus box="[485,577,194,217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">holotype</typeStatus>
and additional specimens presented in
<tableCitation box="[348,443,226,249]" captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="13.[831,894,195,218]" captionText="Table 13. Morphometrics of Acestrocephalus acutus. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from MZUSP 31650(holotype),82105,40830,40691(paratypes),MNRJ17612, 18315, 28716,28717, 21136 (paratypes),MCP15855 (paratype)." pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Table 13</tableCitation>
. Meristic and morphometric data based on all lots in type series. No statistical differences found among population samples studied. Body relatively large (SL=
<quantity box="[206,354,322,345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.675" metricValueMax="10.35" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" unit="mm" value="76.75" valueMax="103.5" valueMin="50.0">50-103.5 mm</quantity>
). Body form, dorsal and ventral body profiles, shape of snout and mouth and extension of maxilla as in
<taxonomicName box="[151,264,385,409]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[151,264,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="398" startId="13.[831,894,195,218]">
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1475,194,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,936,195,218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Table 13.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1147,1402,194,219]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[1147,1402,194,219]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Acestrocephalus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from MZUSP 31650 (holotype), 82105, 40830, 40691 (paratypes),MNRJ 17612, 18315, 28716, 28717, 21136 (paratypes), MCP15855 (paratype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
Dorsal-fin rays ii,
<quantity box="[372,411,418,441]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
all specimens, n=47, including
<typeStatus pageId="13" pageNumber="398">holotype</typeStatus>
. Posterior most ray unbranched, n=47. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iv,31 (iv or v, usually iv unbranched, branched rays mean=32, range 29-35, n=47, posterior ray split to its base and counted as 1). Modestly developed anterior anal-fin lobe including anterior unbranched rays and first 8-9 branched rays. Three sexually mature males with bilateral hooks on posterior anterior branched rays. One sexually mature male (
<accessionNumber box="[253,377,674,697]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/MCP15855" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">MCP 15855</accessionNumber>
, 85 mm SL) has hooks on first 14 branched anal-fin rays, number of hooks per ray increasing from first (5) to sixth (14) then decreasing from seventh (12) through tenth (5), 13th (3) and 14th (1). Pectoral-fin rays i,12 (anterior unbranched ray i, n=47, branched rays mean 12.7, range 11-14, n=47). Posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays reaching to about one third of pelvic-fin length. Pelvic-fin rays i,7, n=47. No pelvic-fin ray hooks on sexually mature males. Distal tips of longest pelvic-fin rays reaching anterior border of anus. Principal caudal-fin ray count 10/9, n=47.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
Lateral line complete, perforated scales 74 (mean=73.8, range 70-77, n=46). Scale rows above lateral line 13 (mean=12.9, range 12-14, n=46). Scale rows below lateral line 11 (mean=11.4, range 10-14, n
<emphasis box="[314,332,1090,1113]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">=</emphasis>
46). Scale rows around caudal peduncle 23 (mean=22.8, range 22-24, n=46).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
Shape, size and arrangement of teeth on premaxilla, maxilla and dentary as in
<emphasis box="[369,485,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<taxonomicName box="[369,481,1185,1209]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">A. sardina</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Outer row small conical teeth on premaxilla 9 (mean=8.3, range 7-10, n=47). Maxillary teeth 36 (mean=33.6, range 28-38, n=47).
<figureCitation box="[528,587,1250,1273]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,197,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[161,1474,1110,1643]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 6. Scatter plot of number of maxillary teeth on standard length for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei. Acestrocephalus nigrifasciatus, A. pallidus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines were not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the maxilla to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418801/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
suggests a tendency for the number of maxillary teeth to increase in number according to an increase in standard length. Posterior row dentary teeth 33 (mean=30.5, range 28-36, n=47), tending to increase in number with an increase in standard length (
<figureCitation box="[725,784,1378,1401]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[839,878,1662,1685]" captionText="Fig. 7. Scatter plot of number of posterior dentary teeth for specimens of Acestrocephalus sardina, A. boehlkei, A. pallidus, A. nigrifasciatus, and A. acutus. The figure is not intended to show species differences therefore regression lines are not drawn and regression analyses were not performed. The primary purpose is to express the tendencies of the number of teeth on the posterior row on the dentary to increase according to an increase in standard length. For the species represented by large number of specimens the data points are widely scattered." pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Fig.7</figureCitation>
). Inner row dentary teeth 11 (mean=11.2, range 10-13, n=47).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Vertebrae 38 (mean=38.7, range 37-39, n=28). Total number of gill-rakers on first gill-arch 7 (mean=6.6, range 6-8, n= 47).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Branchiostegal rays 4; 3 originating on anterior and one on posterior ceratohyal.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,796,194,1721]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
Muscular hiatus of pseudotympanum reduced, constricted by dorsal and ventral fibers of
<emphasis box="[498,709,1601,1625]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">obliquus superioris</emphasis>
muscle (
<figureCitation box="[159,237,1634,1657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Fig. 5f</figureCitation>
). Cavity anterior to first pleural rib, this as well as
<emphasis box="[151,347,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">obliquus inferioris</emphasis>
muscle not visible. Second pleural rib partially exposed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,797,1762,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,342,1762,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Body pale yellow slightly darker dorsally due to presence of dark chromatophores along free edge of scales, lighter ventrally. Dorsal part of head and snout more densely pigmented with dark chromatophores. Lateral head and opercular bones with scattered dark chromatophores. Anterior upper edge of lower jaw also heavily pigmented with dark chromatophores. Dark lateral body stripe extending from
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[837,1476,409,920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
Characters
<typeStatus box="[1165,1242,409,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Holotype</typeStatus>
N Range Mean SD Standard length 80.0 47 50.0-103.5
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[837,1476,409,920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Body depth 26.6 41 23.5-28.6 25.3 1.1 Snout to dorsal-fin origin 48.7 47 48.7-54.2 51.4 1.0 Snout to pectoral-fin origin 30.7 47 27.6-31.5 29.7 0.9 Snout to pelvic-fin origin 43.2 47 41.0-45.4 42.5 1.1 Snout to anal-fin origin 59.0 47 56.1-61.4 58.0 1.3 Caudal peduncle depth 8.1 47 7.5-8.8 8.1 0.3 Caudal peduncle length 8.7 47 8.1-11.0 9.4 0.5 Pectoral-fin length 17.7 47 14.7-18.3 16.4 0.7 Pelvic-fin length 15.0 47 12.6-15.5 13.7 0.8 Dorsal-fin base length 11.2 47 11.0-12.8 11.7 0.4 Dorsal-fin height 25.3 47 21.2-26.6 24.2 1.1 Anal-fin base length 35.6 47 32.7-37.6 35.4 1.0 Anal-fin height 17.5 47 14.0-18.6 15.7 1.3 Eye to dorsal-fin origin 34.1 47 34.1-37.8 36.2 1.0 Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base 51.5 47 48.6-53.2 51.0 1.0 Head length 29.7 47 29.0-33.3 30.4 0.8 Horizontal eye diameter 31.1 47 28.0-31.7 29.4 0.8 Snout length 30.2 47 27.1-30.4 28.6 0.7 Least interorbital distance 18.0 47 16.0-19.7 17.6 0.7</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1474,973,1316]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">behind upper opercle to caudal peduncle, wider from below dorsal-fin origin to origin of adipose fin, narrower from below dorsal-fin origin anteriorly and on caudal peduncle. Oblong dark blotch on anterior caudal base joining dark lateral stripe, extending posteriorly to bases of middle caudal-fin rays. Mental area of lower jaw with conspicuous dark blotch in some specimens. Black spot at origin of dorsal fin very conspicuous, anteriorly extending over two or three predorsal scales, laterally over three or four scales of first horizontal scale row. All fins pale, first unbranched dorsal and pectoral fin rays with scattered dark chromatophores.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1474,1356,1444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,979,1357,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[985,1239,1356,1380]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[985,1239,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Acestrocephalus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the rio
<collectingRegion box="[831,936,1389,1412]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
and rio Tapajós drainages. It is sympatric with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">A. maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[990,1118,1421,1444]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
<emphasis box="[990,1118,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">A. stigmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the upper rio
<collectingRegion box="[1283,1385,1421,1444]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation box="[1398,1460,1421,1444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[831,870,571,594]" captionTargetBox="[831,1470,194,549]" captionTargetId="figure-823@5.[831,1474,194,549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 8. Map of northern and central South America showing the geographic distribution of the species of Acestrocephalus. Some symbols may represent more than one locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418803/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1475,1485,1604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,939,1485,1508]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens from rio Teles Pires in the rio Tapajós drainage, not included as type material, are morphologically undistiguinshable from the
<typeStatus box="[1131,1225,1549,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus box="[1280,1386,1549,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">paratypes</typeStatus>
, but examination of more specimens is required for better comparison.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="398" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="13.[831,1474,1645,1732]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,961,1645,1668]" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1164,1234,1645,1668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis box="[1164,1234,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="398">acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adjective, from Latin meaning sharp is in reference to the pointed nature of the snout of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>