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<document id="65FD2FECEC3A29E444090BC41A19CEE3" ID-CLB-Dataset="246513" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2383afd1-b2cf-4d10-b7b1-a4f68fb19ac4" ID-ISSN="1776-100X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7826657" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1681176935260" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Leonardi, Marco, Iotti, Mirco, Mello, Antonietta, Vizzini, Alfredo, Paz-Conde, Aurelia, Trappe, James &amp; Pacioni, Giovanni" docDate="2021" docId="1C7087D2FF91063B6789FF5BFEBDB6EC" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieMycologie.42.9.149-170.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (9)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a9" docStyle="DocumentStyle:81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653.3:CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653" docStyleName="CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tuber melanosporum Vittad." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="162" masterDocId="E049FFAAFF9F06346458FF8CFFCFB532" masterDocTitle="Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad." masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="149" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1699513732870" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="BB847DE62BDB0AC559C2882AFD6A60EF">Typification of the four most investigated and valuable truffles: Tuber aestivum Vittad., T. borchii Vittad., T. magnatum Picco and T. melanosporum Vittad.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7C20661819BEF83A8EEF4FE4C1FEA69B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4A6E0EF62973A2561176DAB29E7D0475">Leonardi, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F9CA7063FED59F0933A24545CD25CC6">Iotti, Mirco</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="685D66E624C1C11D7D8AB71AF0DEB069">Dept. of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of LAquila, 67100 LAquila (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="C8C8B31C467114ADD629983185BA1C56">Mello, Antonietta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5EDEC26C83A8378F98D5FF47E4F5FD7">Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Viale P. A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0E1467EE3D20ECE25C9A87465C92F6D4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="458DBB779A9945F4A2B973D4C9385A88">
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<mods:namePart id="6783D084A1C7757FCC1A883E9730F08B">Vizzini, Alfredo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="855129CC26FD248A3426F002D53FB745">Via S. Pietro d Ollesia 13 b, 10053 Bussoleno (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="818F8C2C15BB00761DF6DD06EF559183" type="personal">
<mods:role id="78008BBA80BF8025EDBEC14B2F1B40B6">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3F877F817A075FD0FB3BC6FDC883719">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="750DA39FBBCB0BB8AE19C0B5F79F5A08">Paz-Conde, Aurelia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DAD78CBB65BE848BB308D36DAF2C3EEE">Apto. de correos 6, Caldes de Malavella, 17455 Girona (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="6F73B091162271F0ED91627D6DE9E141">
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<mods:namePart id="8ACBE92D910ED1BF81C794133E72D944">Trappe, James</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EC807FA5C07CED87B77C9BBC421A328B">Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (United States)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="5E9E19869FDCAF3EB31D47B3AE6585B4">Pacioni, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="542BD0106D2BB25431A89CDAA27B32A2">Dept. of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of LAquila, 67100 LAquila (Italy) giovanni. pacioni @ univaq. it (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="671DD8CA8E6C375AFB9C1AA1994B9BA4" type="email">pacioni@univaq.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3570505D72F4772D1B423650DDDEFAEA">Cryptogamie, Mycologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F62D2944048E8AF98A1C5DA272F739D4">
<mods:date id="E85D01FF6C1861E675104B112A21B914">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="367E1935931913D3EEA80AACBBCB4A8C">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a9</mods:url>
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<treatment id="1C7087D2FF91063B6789FF5BFEBDB6EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7815248" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209503077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7815248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C7087D2FF91063B6789FF5BFEBDB6EC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C7087D2FF91063B6789FF5BFEBDB6EC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="DCC3654FFF91063A6789FF5BFAC3B5C3" box="[977,1292,215,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6789FF5BFAC3B5C3" blockId="14.[977,1292,215,242]" box="[977,1292,215,242]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6789FF5BFAC3B5C3" box="[977,1292,215,242]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A6789FF5BFAC3B5C3" ID-CoL="59HZX" ID-ENA="39416" authority="Vittad." authorityName="Vittad." box="[977,1292,215,242]" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Tuberaceae" genus="Tuber" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanosporum">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6789FF5BFB76B5C0" bold="true" box="[977,1209,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Tuber melanosporum</emphasis>
Vittad.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DCC3654FFF91063B6791FF7BFEBDB6EC" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6791FF7BFADDB420" blockId="14.[969,1298,247,274]" box="[969,1298,247,274]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6791FF7BFADDB420" box="[969,1298,247,274]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation id="0CE22A41FF91063A6788FF7BFBE5B423" box="[976,1066,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[516,527,2007,2025]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-25@9.[698,1267,782,1353]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 2. — Table I (XX),lectotype ofTuber borchii Vittad.(red arrowed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7826663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7826663/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="0CE22A41FF91063A606EFF7BFB4FB420" box="[1078,1152,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[303,314,2008,2026]" captionTargetBox="[134,1454,216,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[698,1267,774,1335]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Table II, lectotypes of Tuber melanosporum Vittad.(red arrowed) and Tuber aestivum Vittad.(black arrowed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7826668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7826668/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">3G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="0CE22A41FF91063A60D4FF7BFAC6B423" box="[1164,1289,247,273]" captionStart="APPENDIX" captionStartId="19.[375,387,1137,1155]" captionTargetBox="[159,1445,222,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-42@19.[709,1262,221,794]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="APPENDIX 2. — Tuber melanosporum Vittad.epitype:different cut of peridium structure × 40. Scale bar:50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7826684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7826684/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Appendix 2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A671BFEBCFB0EB47A" blockId="14.[835,1217,304,328]" box="[835,1217,304,328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<bibCitation id="41F33EA8FF91063A671BFEBCFB72B47A" box="[835,1213,304,328]" page="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" score="0.0028073001959915225" volumeTitle="Monographia Tuberacearum" year="1831">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A671BFEBCFB83B47A" box="[835,1100,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Monographia Tuberacearum</emphasis>
: 36 (1831)
</bibCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FEECFC6DB4A0" blockId="14.[813,1455,352,402]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A6775FEECFB85B44A" authority="Bull., Herbier" authorityName="Bull., Herbier" box="[813,1098,352,376]" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Tuberaceae" genus="Tuber" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6775FEECFC7AB445" box="[813,949,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Tuber nigrum</emphasis>
Bull.,
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A67A7FEECFB85B44A" box="[1023,1098,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Herbier</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A600AFEECFB04B445" box="[1106,1227,352,376]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
de la
<collectingCountry id="ECCE7654FF91063A60D3FEECFB04B445" box="[1163,1227,352,375]" name="France" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">France</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
8: t.356 (1788). (MB 204568).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FE26FB6BB4F3" blockId="14.[813,1188,426,450]" box="[813,1188,426,450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 192144.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FE56FBD6B73E" blockId="14.[813,1455,473,524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
GENBANK. —
<accessionNumber id="8B8AAB27FF91063A679CFE55FBF6B4C3" box="[964,1081,473,497]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ423176" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">MZ423176</accessionNumber>
(nrITS),
<accessionNumber id="8B8AAB27FF91063A60C5FE55FADDB4C3" box="[1181,1298,473,497]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ458420" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">MZ458420</accessionNumber>
(nr β- tubulin),
<accessionNumber id="8B8AAB27FF91063A6775FE78FC6FB73E" box="[813,928,500,524]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ458424" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">MZ458424</accessionNumber>
(nrEF 1-α).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FDA8FB7CB742" blockId="14.[811,1455,547,624]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<materialsCitation id="24B13C99FF91063A6775FDA8FB7CB742" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4077728301" collectionCode="MBT" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" specimenCode="MBT 10001899" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="4B628866FF91063A6775FDA8FC53B708" box="[813,924,548,571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
OF
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A6798FDA8FB3CB709" authority="VITTAD." authorityName="VITTAD." box="[960,1267,548,571]" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Tuberaceae" genus="Tuber" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanosporum">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6798FDA8FB52B70B" box="[960,1181,548,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">TUBER MELANOSPORUM</emphasis>
VITTAD.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="F0484B35FF91063A614FFDAFFA67B70E" author="VITTADINI C." box="[1303,1448,547,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" refId="ref12663" refString="VITTADINI C. 1831. - Monographia tuberacearum. F. Rusconi, Milan, 88 p." type="book" year="1831">Vittadini 1831</bibRefCitation>
: tab. II fig. III; here reprinted in
<figureCitation id="0CE22A41FF91063A6003FDB2FB5EB764" box="[1115,1169,574,598]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[303,314,2008,2026]" captionTargetBox="[134,1454,216,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[698,1267,774,1335]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 3. — Table II, lectotypes of Tuber melanosporum Vittad.(red arrowed) and Tuber aestivum Vittad.(black arrowed)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7826668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7826668/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. (here designated; MycoBank Typification number:
<specimenCode id="C47F9EBFFF91063A6059FDD5FB67B742" box="[1025,1192,600,624]" collectionCode="MBT" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">MBT 10001899</specimenCode>
):
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FD04FAECB638" blockId="14.[811,1456,648,838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
EPITYPE OF
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A67FCFD05FB10B7AD" authority="VITTAD." authorityName="VITTAD." box="[932,1247,648,672]" class="Pezizomycetes" family="Tuberaceae" genus="Tuber" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanosporum">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A67FCFD05FB4BB7AC" box="[932,1156,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">TUBER MELANOSPORUM</emphasis>
VITTAD.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6152FD04FAF9B792" bold="true" box="[1290,1334,648,672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<collectingCountry id="ECCE7654FF91063A6152FD04FAF9B792" box="[1290,1334,648,672]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Italy</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<collectingRegion id="561DF826FF91063A611DFD04FA63B792" box="[1349,1452,648,672]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Lombardy</collectingRegion>
, Monza, Parco Villa Reale,
<date id="E0671004FF91063A6071FD2FFB47B789" box="[1065,1160,675,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" value="2019-02-01">1.II.2019</date>
, sub
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A60EDFD2FFA9EB788" box="[1205,1361,674,698]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A60EDFD2FFA9EB788" box="[1205,1361,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF91063A6127FD2EFCA0B7E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6127FD2EFCA0B7E7" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Tilia cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F1ED5003FF91063A6721FD31FC3FB7E7" box="[889,1008,701,725]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" precision="15" seconds="39" value="45.594166">45°3539”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F1ED5003FF91063A67A0FD31FB95B7E7" box="[1016,1114,701,725]" degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" precision="15" seconds="25" value="9.273611">9°1625”E</geoCoordinate>
, six ascomata, legit Stefano Seghezzi, det. Giovanni Pacioni (epi-, AQUI[AQUI 10152] here designated; MycoBank Typification number: MBT 10001900).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FC98FB4EB674" blockId="14.[811,1456,648,838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Authentic Vittadini specimens examined: K(M) 254905, 254904 e 254904, TO e UPS (F628213).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FCF9FC72B6BF" blockId="14.[813,957,885,911]" box="[813,957,885,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6775FCF9FC72B6BF" box="[813,957,885,911]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="5">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FC19FC40B69D" blockId="14.[813,1458,917,1134]" box="[813,911,917,943]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6775FC19FC40B69D" box="[813,911,917,943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="9">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6775FC19FC40B69D" box="[813,911,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Ascomata</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FC39FBF9B15C" blockId="14.[813,1458,917,1134]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
Hypogeous, globose or irregular, sometimes lobed, rarely more than
<quantity id="53219B21FF91063A67FDFC59FC26B6DD" box="[933,1001,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
broad, surface of peridium reddish brown then reddish black or brownish black (#330000 very dark red), covered with pyramidal warts
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at the base and
<quantity id="53219B21FF91063A6775FBB8FC7DB17D" box="[813,946,1076,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.5">0.5-2.5 mm</quantity>
tall, depressed at the apex and with 4-6 sides joined with radial edges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FB18FCA5B19C" blockId="14.[813,874,1172,1198]" box="[813,874,1172,1198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
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<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6775FB18FCA5B19C" box="[813,874,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Gleba</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FB38FC54B07F" blockId="14.[811,1457,1204,1358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Firm and compact, from reddish-gray to black-purple or black with violet hues (3B2512-3B3938 dark shade orange to 26211D-2B2017 very dark orange shade); sterile veins thin, much branched, whitish or reddish when exposed to the air.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FAFFFCACB0BF" blockId="14.[813,867,1395,1421]" box="[813,867,1395,1421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6775FAFFFCACB0BF" box="[813,867,1395,1421]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="9">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6775FAFFFCACB0BF" box="[813,867,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Odor</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FA18FA62B09F" blockId="14.[813,1453,1427,1454]" box="[813,1453,1427,1454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Intense, complex, pleasant, the taste with a bitter aftertaste.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FA5FFC41B0DF" blockId="14.[813,910,1491,1517]" box="[813,910,1491,1517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF91063A6775FA5FFC41B0DF" box="[813,910,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="161" reason="9">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF91063A6775FA5FFC41B0DF" box="[813,910,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">Peridium</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF91063A6775FA7EFC21B2D9" blockId="14.[811,1457,1522,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="161">300-450 Μm thick; exoperidium pseudoparenchymatous, 70-15 Μm thick, the outer layer 40-80 Μm thick, of globose to sub-globose sclerenchymatous pigmented cells, with very thickened walls and the cellular lumen reduced or absent, 12-20 × 7-12 Μm, limited to the superficial part of the warts underlaid by a palisade layer 33-65 Μm thick of elongated cells (16-26 × 5-6.5 Μm) with the major axis perpendicular to the surface just below the exoperidium; endoperidium 240-350 Μm thick, pale with a pseudoparenchymatous mixture of cells 4-11 × 2-7 Μm and ranging from subglobose, cuboid, polygonal, cylindric or irregularly swollen, elongated at one end, pale with collenchymatic walls 2-3 Μm thick. The palisade structure is not always visible, depending on the cut, generally within the outermost layer of sclerenchymatous cells lies a homogeneous pseudoparenchymatous layer of endoperidium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFF54FF62B5C0" blockId="15.[132,173,216,242]" box="[132,173,216,242]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B64DCFF54FF62B5C0" box="[132,173,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Asci</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFF7BFDEEB443" blockId="15.[131,775,247,369]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
Globose to subglobose, 90-145 × 70-125 Μm, with walls up to 4 Μm, sometimes thicker in the final stages VI of ripening (
<bibRefCitation id="F0484B35FF90063B64D5FEBBFE85B463" author="ZARIVI O. &amp; CESARE P. &amp; RAGNELLI A. M. &amp; AIMOLA P. &amp; LEONARDI M. &amp; BONFIGLI A. &amp; COLAFARINA S. &amp; POMA A. M. &amp; MIRANDA M. &amp; PACIONI G." box="[141,330,311,337]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" pagination="78 - 86" refId="ref12934" refString="ZARIVI O., CESARE P., RAGNELLI A. M., AIMOLA P., LEONARDI M., BONFIGLI A., COLAFARINA S., POMA A. M., MIRANDA M. &amp; PACIONI G. 2014. - Validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR during Tuber melanosporum developmental stages. Phytochemistry 116: 78 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. phytochem. 2015.02.024" type="journal article" year="2014">
Zarivi
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B648DFEB4FEC7B463" box="[213,264,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), short stalked or thick, sessile with a crozier at the base; containing 1-6 spores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFE1BFF25B483" blockId="15.[132,234,407,433]" box="[132,234,407,433]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
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<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B64DCFE1BFF25B483" box="[132,234,407,433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Ascospores</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFE3AFE93B782" blockId="15.[131,777,438,688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
Spiny, ellipsoid, Q 1.28-1.56, 20-56 × 14-36 Μm excluding ornamentation, inversely proportional in size to the number of spores in the ascus, opaque when ripe, intense brown, blackish, with black-dark brownish spines, short, robust and rigid, sometimes curved, 1.5-3.0 (-4) Μm long to 2 Μm wide at the base, usually separated but sometimes connected at the base to
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF90063B64A7FDFAFEBEB7A2" box="[255,369,630,656]" form="short" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" rank="form">form short</taxonomicName>
crests, occurring at a density of 11-13 spines per 100 Μm
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFD59FF0EB7DD" blockId="15.[132,193,725,751]" box="[132,193,725,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="CF2E81A8FF90063B64DCFD59FF0EB7DD" box="[132,193,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" reason="9">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B64DCFD59FF0EB7DD" box="[132,193,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Gleba</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFD79FCC7B63D" blockId="15.[132,776,757,784]" box="[132,776,757,784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Hyphae hyaline, 14-36 × 6-8 Μm, at full maturity brownish.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="946636C4FF90063B64DCFCABFEBDB6EC" blockId="15.[132,777,807,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">
HABITAT. — mainly under broadleaf trees and shrubs, especially thermophilic oaks, but also European hop-hornbeam (
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF90063B669DFCCEFF3FB646" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Ostrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carpinifolia">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B669DFCCEFF3FB646" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Ostrya carpinifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and hazelnuts (
<taxonomicName id="53D94D47FF90063B65CFFCD0FDFCB646" box="[407,563,860,884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis id="A6ADEAD6FF90063B65CFFCD0FDFCB646" box="[407,563,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), rare under pines or other conifers. Its natural environments are extended in calcareous soils in southern Europe from the Iberian Peninsula to
<collectingCountry id="ECCE7654FF90063B66C3FC1DFD13B69A" box="[667,732,913,936]" name="France" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">France</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="ECCE7654FF90063B64DCFC27FF7FB6F1" box="[132,176,939,963]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Italy</collectingCountry>
, rarer in the Balkans and western
<collectingCountry id="ECCE7654FF90063B665BFC27FD97B6F1" box="[515,600,939,963]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="162">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
, late autumn and winter (
<bibRefCitation id="F0484B35FF90063B6489FC4AFEABB6EC" author="LE TACON F." box="[209,356,966,990]" pageId="15" pageNumber="162" refId="ref10607" refString="LE TACON F. 2017. - Les Truffes. AgroParisTech: Nancy." type="book" year="2017">Le Tacon 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>