301 lines
29 KiB
XML
301 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490" ID-PMC="PMC5624180" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-83-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA5FFACFF9FFFDFEE6A9A59FF8DC805" ID-PubMed="29033648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138093" ModsDocID="1314-2003-83-1" checkinTime="1502745010505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O. & Faden, Robert B." docDate="2017" docId="2C474926C2725A309AB4737E323B92A9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 83: 1-41" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 83" docPubDate="2017-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490" docTitle="Siderasis spectabilis M. Pell. & Faden 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFA5FFACFF9FFFDFEE6A9A59FF8DC805" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFA5FFACFF9FFFDFEE6A9A59FF8DC805" masterDocTitle="Recircumscription and taxonomic revision of Siderasis, with comments on the systematics of subtribe Dichorisandrinae (Commelinaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668142017948" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Recircumscription and taxonomic revision of Siderasis, with comments on the systematics of subtribe Dichorisandrinae (Commelinaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil & Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil & Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faden, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>83</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>41</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-83-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFA5FFACFF9FFFDFEE6A9A59FF8DC805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1138093</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225923" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C474926C2725A309AB4737E323B92A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C474926C2725A309AB4737E323B92A9" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="26" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName LSID="2C474926-C272-5A30-9AB4-737E323B92A9" authority="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Siderasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siderasis spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis" status="sp. nov.">Siderasis spectabilis M.Pell. & Faden</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="25" pageNumber="26">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map of Siderasis Raf. emend. M. Pell. & Faden. Blue circles - S. albofasciata; Blue triangles - S. almeidae; Red circles - S. fuscata; Red triangles - S. medusoides; Blue square - S. spectabilis; Red Square - S. zorzanellii; BA - state of Bahia; ES - estate of Espirito Santo; RJ - estate of Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144845" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Holotype of Siderasis spectabilis M. Pell. & Faden. Image courtesy of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144857" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Line drawings of Siderasis spectabilis M. Pell. & Faden. A bracteole B front view of a bisexual flower, showing the petals ciliate with non-moniliform hairs C detail of the petal margin, showing the non-moniliform hairs D lower stamen, showing the rectangular anther connective E upper stamen, showing the quadrangular anther connective F Detail of the gynoecium, showing the velutine ovary and bent style. Line drawings by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144858" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">, 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Very distinctive due to its vining habit, distichously-alternate leaves, blades asymmetric at base, main florescence a many-branched thyrse, with alternate cincinni, flowers zygomorphic, bisexual or staminate, stamens unequal, curved upwards, sigmoid filaments, and capsules globose and shallowly foveolate. It can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. zorzanellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="zorzanellii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. zorzanellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its membranous and velutine leaves, inflorescences always terminal in the secondary branches, petals dark mauve to vinaceous, rarely light pink or white, with margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1957-01-19" collectorName="L. E. Mello-Filho" country="Brazil" county="Santa Maria Madalena" location="Parque Estadual do Desengano" municipality="Horto Santos Lima" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty>Santa Maria Madalena</collectingCounty>
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, morro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="atrás">atras</normalizedToken>
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do
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<collectingMunicipality>Horto Santos Lima</collectingMunicipality>
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(sede do
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C474926C2725A309AB4737E323B92A9:FCE36AF1C79C8B37F13C6FBAA0EBA88C" country="Brazil" county="Santa Maria Madalena" municipality="Horto Santos Lima" name="Parque Estadual do Desengano" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Parque Estadual do Desengano</location>
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), fl.,
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<collectingDate value="1957-01-19">19 Jan 1957</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>L.E. Mello-Filho</collectorName>
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1172 (
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: R barcode R000103716!; isotypes: RB!, SPF!,
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Vines</emphasis>
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ca. 0.5-3 m tall, terrestrial.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Roots</emphasis>
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unknown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Rhizomes</emphasis>
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unknown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Subterraneous stems</emphasis>
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unknown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Aerial stems</emphasis>
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twining, primary stem indefinite, densely branched, internodes elongate, 2.2-6.5 cm long, green, minutely velutine on both sides, hairs hyaline to light brown; secondary branches definite, unbranched, ca. 17-25 cm long, internodes elongate, 1.1-2.3 cm long, green, minutely velutine on both sides, hairs hyaline to light brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Leaves</emphasis>
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distichously-alternate, evenly distributed along the secondary branches, sessile; sheaths 0.7-2 cm long, green to vinaceous, minutely velutine, with a line of eglandular hairs opposite the leaf above, margins setose, hairs hyaline to light brown; subpetiole 1.1-3.3 mm long to inconspicuous, C-shaped in section, canaliculate, membranous, green to dark green, minutely velutine on both sides, hairs hyaline to light brown; blades 4.6-11.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.6-2.5 cm, linear elliptic or linear lanceolate or linear oblong, membranous, adaxially dark green to green, becoming dark brown when dry, abaxially light green to green, becoming greyish green to olive-green when dry, minutely velutine on both sides, hairs hyaline to light brown, base slightly asymmetric to asymmetric, cuneate to narrowly rounded, margins vinaceous, flat, minutely velutine, hairs hyaline to light brown, apex acuminate to caudate, straight; midvein conspicuous, impressed adaxially, prominent, obtuse abaxially, secondary veins (3-)4-5 pairs, slightly conspicuous on both sides, becoming more evident when dry.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Synflorescence</emphasis>
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composed of a solitary main florescence.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Main florescence (inflorescence)</emphasis>
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a pedunculate, many-branched thyrse, with alternate cincinni, terminal in the secondary branches; basal bract leaf-like, amplexicaulous to sheathing, sheaths 1.2-4.8 mm long, minutely velutine, margins of the sheaths densely setose, blades 3.9-6.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-1.1 cm, green to dark green, minutely velutine on both sides, base opaque, margins minutely velutine, apex acuminate to caudate, hairs hyaline to light brown; peduncle 1-1.3 cm long, green, minutely velutine, hairs hyaline to light brown; cincinni bract 3.2-10.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.2 mm, linear triangular, mauve to vinaceous, minutely velutine on both sides, base truncate, margin sparsely setose, apex acuminate to caudate, hairs hyaline to light brown; cincinni 14-17 per thyrse, 3-8-flowered, peduncles 1.4-7.2 mm long, light green to pink, minutely velutine, hairs hyaline to light brown, erect in fruit; bracteoles 1.8-2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.2 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, flat, cream-colored densely covered with vinaceous to pinkish purple spots to completely mauve to vinaceous, minutely velutine on both sides or only along the midvein, base rounded, margin hyaline, sparsely ciliate, apex hyaline, acute to obtuse, hairs hyaline to light brown.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Flowers</emphasis>
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bisexual or staminate, zygomorphic, 1-1.3 cm diameter, pedicellate; pedicel 0.5-0.7 mm long, medium to dark mauve, sparsely minutely velutine, hairs hyaline to light brown, patent and slightly elongate in fruit; floral buds 3.5-4.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.4-3.8 mm, broadly ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, vinaceous to dark vinaceous, apex truncate; sepals 4.8-5.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-2.6 mm, narrowly ovate to elliptic, cymbiform, unequal, the uppermost external, broader and shorter than the others, fleshy, vinaceous to dark vinaceous, externally sparsely minutely velutine, hairs hyaline to light brown, internally glabrous, margin hyaline, glabrous to sparsely minutely velutine, hairs hyaline, apex obtuse, slightly purple; petals 5.1-6.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.8-3.6 mm, trullate to obovate, the lowermost narrower than the others, dark mauve to vinaceous, rarely light pink or white, base cuneate, margin entire, ciliate with dark mauve, eglandular, non-moniliform, uniseriate hairs, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6, unequal, the anterior longer than the posterior ones, curved upwards, filaments 1.8-4.6 mm long, sigmoid, white, terminal third dark mauve, anthers 1.2-1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1 mm, anther sacs dark mauve, connectives quadrangular in the shorter stamens and rectangular in the longer, dark mauve to purple; ovary 1.7-1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-1.4 mm, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, white, velutine, hairs hyaline, style 3.2-4 mm long, curved upward at the apex, white to pink, terminal third dark mauve; stigma annular-capitate, mauve to pink, papillate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Capsules</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Seeds</emphasis>
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unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="specimens seen (paratypes)">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Specimens seen (paratypes).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro</emphasis>
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: Santa Maria Madalena, morro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="atrás">atras</normalizedToken>
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do Horto Santos Lima (sede do Parque Estadual do Desengano), fl., 19 Jan 1957, L.E. Mello-Filho 1162 (R, RB, US); fl., 19 Jan 1957, L.E. Mello-Filho 1171 (R, RB, US).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">The epithet means "admirable, remarkable, spectacular", in allusion to its distinctive growth form, small flowers with a peculiar coloration, and the unique petal margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Siderasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siderasis spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Siderasis spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is confined to the type locality, in the native vegetation of the Horto Santos Lima (currently the headquarters of the Desengano State Park), in Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution map of Siderasis Raf. emend. M. Pell. & Faden. Blue circles - S. albofasciata; Blue triangles - S. almeidae; Red circles - S. fuscata; Red triangles - S. medusoides; Blue square - S. spectabilis; Red Square - S. zorzanellii; BA - state of Bahia; ES - estate of Espirito Santo; RJ - estate of Rio de Janeiro." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144845" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2</figureCitation>
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). Nothing is known about this species habitat, since the original labels give no information on the area and all field expeditions to recollect this plant have been unsuccessful.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Since all known collections were done on the same day,
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known to bloom during January. Fruits and seeds are unknown for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Due to the complete lack of information on the distribution, ecology and lack of any collections aside from the type specimens, according to the criteria proposed by
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IBGE, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B26" refString="IUCN, 2001. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge, UK. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2010.4. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge, UK." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2001">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be considered Data Deficient (DD), until new collections and data become available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="affinities">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Affinities.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Siderasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siderasis spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Siderasis spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically closely related to
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. zorzanellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="zorzanellii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. zorzanellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily differentiated due to its inflorescences being always ter
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<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="27" start="start">minal</pageBreakToken>
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in the secondary branches (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">vs.</emphasis>
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axillary in the primary branches or terminal in the secondary branches, in
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. zorzanellii" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="zorzanellii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. zorzanellii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and petals dark mauve to vinaceous, rarely light pink or white, and margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">vs.</emphasis>
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white and glabrous margins). All studied specimens were in excellent condition, and color of most organs could be easily described. Regarding color pattern in the androecium and gynoecium,
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<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. albofasciata" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="albofasciata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. albofasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These are the only two species in the genus to present the upper third of filaments and style, and the anthers in the same color as the petals, contrasting greatly with the white base of filaments and style, and the white ovary of other species. Nevertheless, both species can be easily differentiated using vegetative or reproductive characters. One specimen (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L.E. Mello-Filho 1171</emphasis>
|
||
) is peculiar in being the only specimen with light-colored flowers. In the label, it is described by the collector as possessing white flowers. Nonetheless, while analyzing the duplicates available at R, RB, SPF and US, we noticed that a few flowers possessed pale pink pigment (particularly noticeable in the petals and stamens). We believe that these specimens might represent albino or semialbino individuals, and thus merit no taxonomic status, especially since they were collected at the same place and date as the remaining dark-flowered specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aona, LYS" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="B1" refString="Aona, LYS, 2008. Revisao taxonomica e analise cladistica do genero Dichorisandra J.C.Mikan (Commelinaceae). PhD Thesis, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo." title="Revisao taxonomica e analise cladistica do genero Dichorisandra J. C. Mikan (Commelinaceae). PhD Thesis, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo." year="2008">Aona (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in her unpublished Ph.D. thesis, lists one of the paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Dichorisandra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dichorisandra incurva" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="incurva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dichorisandra incurva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mart. This is justified by her due to the specimens climbing habit, decumbent apical branches, distichously-alternate and sessile leaves, inflorescence composed of a pedunculate, many-branched thyrse, with alternate cincinni, and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“white”">"white"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[sic] flowers. Nevertheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">S. spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily differentiated by its erect inflorescences (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
pendant to curved downwards, hence the name, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. incurva" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species" species="incurva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">D. incurva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">flower</pageBreakToken>
|
||
buds broadly ellipsoid to broadly obovoid, with truncate apex (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
ellipsoid, with acute apex), sepals fleshy (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
membranous), petals dark mauve to vinaceous, rarely light pink or white, with margins ciliate with non-moniliform hairs (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
white with glabrous margins), stamens 6, anthers dorsifixed, 3 to 4 times shorter than the filaments, dehiscent by extrorse slits, and anther sacs divergent, semicircular, and expanded connectives (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
stamens 6 or 5 + the upper one modified into a staminode, anthers basifixed, 3 to 4 times longer than the filaments, dehiscent by introrse slits, but functionally poricidal, anthers sacs parallel, elongate, and inconspicuous connectives). All these floral characters can be easily observed with the dissection of mature flower buds in herbarium specimens. The floral morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. incurva" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species" species="incurva">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. incurva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Floral morphology of subtribe Dichorisandrinae s. l. A-C Siderasis Raf. emend M. Pell. & Faden: A S. fuscata (Lodd.) H. E. Moore B S. albofasciata M. Pell. C S. zorzanellii M. Pell. & Faden. D-L Dichorisandra J. C. Mikan: D D. acaulis Cogn. E D. hexandra (Aubl.) C. B. Clarke F D. thyrsiflora J. C. Mikan G D. paranaensis D. Maia et al. H D. nana Aona & M. C. E. Amaral I D. incurva Mart. J D. penduliflora Kunth K D. sagittata Aona & M. C. E. Amaral L D. radicalis Nees & Mart. M Cochliostema odoratissimum Lem. N Geogenanthus rhizanthus (Ule) G. Brueckn. O Plowmanianthus panamensis Faden & C. R. Hardy. Photographs A-B, D-G, J by M. O. O. Pellegrini, C by J. P. F. Zorzanelli, H by V. Bittrich, I by G. H. Shimizu, K by J. L. Costa-Lima, L by M. A. N. Coelho, M by R. Moran, N by D. Scherberich, and O by C. R. Hardy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144842" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">1I</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994355" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144857" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Siderasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siderasis spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Siderasis spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.Pell. & Faden. Image courtesy of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="994357" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.83.13490.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/144858" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Line drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. Pell. & Faden" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Siderasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Siderasis spectabilis" order="Commelinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Siderasis spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.Pell. & Faden.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">A</emphasis>
|
||
bracteole
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">B</emphasis>
|
||
front view of a bisexual flower, showing the petals ciliate with non-moniliform hairs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the petal margin, showing the non-moniliform hairs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D</emphasis>
|
||
lower stamen, showing the rectangular anther connective
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E</emphasis>
|
||
upper stamen, showing the quadrangular anther connective
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">F</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the gynoecium, showing the velutine ovary and bent style. Line drawings by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |