481 lines
59 KiB
XML
481 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03196918-10d5-44d2-ab42-d38f88314c7b" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124466" checkinTime="1638249082081" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Ranawana, Kithsiri B., Hoferek, David & Š, V. A." docDate="2016" docId="B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.220.1-133.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 220" docSource="https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heterometrus gravimanus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="4C48FFA7A817FF90FFC0FFD79E62FFBD" masterDocTitle="Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1664453448004" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Scorpions of Sri Lanka (Scorpiones Buthidae, Chaerilidae, Scorpionidae) with description of four new species of the genera Charmus Karsch, 1879 and Reddyanus Vachon, 1972, stat n</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kovařík, František</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Lowe, Graeme</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ranawana, Kithsiri B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hoferek, David</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Š, V. A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Euscorpius</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-12-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>220</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>133</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>https://doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2016.vol2016.iss220.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">03196918-10d5-44d2-ab42-d38f88314c7b</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7124466</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124588" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[906,1365,1026,1050]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[906,1365,1026,1081]" box="[906,1365,1026,1050]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<heading box="[906,1365,1026,1050]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" reason="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Pocock, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[906,1365,1026,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[906,1195,1026,1050]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Heterometrus gravimanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1208,1357,1027,1050]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" pagination="72 - 84" part="6" refId="ref43722" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1894. A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (13): 72 - 84." title="A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India" type="journal article" year="1894">Pocock, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1003,1267,1058,1081]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[906,1365,1026,1081]" box="[1003,1267,1058,1081]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1011,1100,1058,1081]" captionStart="Figures 12–15" captionStartId="6.[192,278,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,167,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-11@6.[192,1439,168,1855]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 12–15: Maps showing the known geographical distribution of the Sri Lankan species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124476" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124476/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1111,1207,1058,1081]" captionStart-0="Figures 458–461" captionStart-1="Figures 462–469" captionStart-2="Figures 470–475" captionStart-3="Figures 476–479" captionStart-4="Figures 480–481" captionStartId-0="92.[192,278,1853,1877]" captionStartId-1="93.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionStartId-2="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionStartId-3="95.[192,278,1805,1829]" captionStartId-4="96.[192,278,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox-0="[250,1400,172,1819]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1440,200,1705]" captionTargetBox-2="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetBox-3="[205,1422,219,1766]" captionTargetBox-4="[191,1440,167,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@92.[233,1404,162,1824]" captionTargetId-1="figure-6@93.[192,1439,201,1704]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@95.[192,1439,212,1776]" captionTargetId-4="figure-37@96.[192,1439,168,1845]" captionTargetPageId-0="92" captionTargetPageId-1="93" captionTargetPageId-2="94" captionTargetPageId-3="95" captionTargetPageId-4="96" captionText-0="Figures 458–461: Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. Figures 458–459. Male in dorsal (458) and ventral (459) views. Figures 460–461. Female, dorsal (460) and ventral (461) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view." captionText-2="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." captionText-3="Figures 476–479: Right hemispermatophore of Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. External (476), dorsal (477), internal (478) and ventral (479) views. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dl, distal lamina; dtdl, dorsal trough of distal lamina; h, hook; ml, median lobe; mtt, median transverse trough; pl, proximal lobe; t, trunk." captionText-4="Figures 480–481: Heterometrus gravimanus, male (480) and female (481) at locality 15CE." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124714" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124716" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124720" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124722" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7124714/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7124716/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7124720/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7124722/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">458–481</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1218,1260,1058,1081]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">572</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1441,1119,1295]" box="[830,1286,1119,1142]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[830,1286,1119,1142]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="POCOCK, R. I." box="[830,1282,1119,1142]" page="76" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" year="1894">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pocock, 1894: 75 - 76" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="75 - 76" authorityYear="1894" box="[830,1282,1119,1142]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Scorpio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,1046,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Scorpio gravimanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pocock" box="[1053,1282,1119,1142]" firstAuthor="Pocock" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" page="75 - 76" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" pagination="72 - 84" part="6" refId="ref43722" refString="POCOCK, R. I. 1894. A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (13): 72 - 84." title="A small contribution to our knowledge of the scorpions of India" type="journal article" year="1894">Pocock, 1894: 75–76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1441,1119,1295]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="TIKADER B. K. & D. B. BASTAWADE" page="555" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" year="1983">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 550 - 555" authorityName="Tikader & Bastawade" authorityPageNumber="550 - 555" authorityYear="1983" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus" subGenus="Srilankametrus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,977,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1160,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Srilankametrus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1306,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">gravimanus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tikader & Bastawade" bookContentInfo="668 pp." firstAuthor="Tikader" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta" page="550 - 555" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" refId="ref44789" refString="TIKADER B. K. & D. B. BASTAWADE. 1983. The Fauna of India: Scorpions. Scorpionida, Arachnida. Vol III. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, 668 pp." title="The Fauna of India: Scorpions. Scorpionida, Arachnida. Vol III" type="book" year="1983">Tikader & Bastawade, 1983: 550–555</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 1469–1482;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="FET" page="446" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" year="2000">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fet" firstAuthor="Fet" page="446" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" refId="ref40873" refString="FET, V., W. D. SISSOM, G. LOWE & M. E. BRAUNWALDER. 2000. Catalog of the Scorpions of the World (1758 - 1998). New York: The New York Entomological Society, 689 pp." type="book" year="2000">Fet, 2000: 446</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1441,1119,1295]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="KOVARIK" box="[830,1342,1242,1265]" page="15" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" year="2004">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Kovarik, 2004: 15" authorityName=": Kovarik" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="2004" box="[830,1342,1242,1265]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gravimanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,1115,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Heterometrus gravimanus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kovarik" box="[1134,1342,1242,1265]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" page="15" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref41757" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2004. A review of the genus Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Euscorpius, 15: 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="2004">Kovařík, 2004: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 17, fig. 15;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="KOVARIK, F." box="[919,1116,1272,1295]" page="38" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kovarik" bookContentInfo="170 pp." box="[919,1116,1272,1295]" firstAuthor="Kovarik" journalOrPublisher="Clairon Production, Prague" page="38" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" refId="ref41793" refString="KOVARIK, F. 2009. Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Clairon Production, Prague, 170 pp." title="Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species" type="book" year="2009">Kovařík, 2009: 38</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 79, figs. 40–42.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1440,1334,1387]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[830,887,1334,1357]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
LOCALITY AND
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1059,1112,1337,1356]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
REPOSITORY.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BMNH" country="Sri Lanka" location="Sri Lanka" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Ceylon, now
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Sri Lanka" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[911,995,1364,1387]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1441,1426,1755]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
SRI LANKAN MATERIAL EXAMINED.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1994-04" collectionCode="FKCP, IV" collectorName="P. Senft" country="Sri Lanka" location="Galle" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Southern">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1221,1331,1426,1449]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Sri Lanka" name="Southern" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Southern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45:3D076012A876FFF1FC74FA679D92FA7A" box="[948,1008,1456,1479]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Galle" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Southern">Galle</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1028,1061,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1084,1153,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">FKCP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[1173,1264,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="1994-04">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1173,1264,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="1994-04">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1173,1204,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.1994
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1339,1436,1456,1479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">P. Senft</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-22" collectingDateMax="2015-04-23" collectingDateMin="2015-04-22" collectionCode="FKCP, UPSL" collectorName="Kovarik" country="Sri Lanka" county="Polonnaruwa District" elevation="233" latitude="8.023889" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.91033" municipality="Giritale" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="North Central">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[830,1090,1487,1510]" country="Sri Lanka" name="North Central" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">North Central Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[1104,1338,1487,1510]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Polonnaruwa District</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1352,1436,1487,1510]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Giritale</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[830,976,1518,1541]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="26.0" value="8.023889">08°01'26.0"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[995,1153,1518,1541]" degrees="080" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="37.2" value="80.91033">080°54'37.2"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[1176,1323,1518,1541]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="233.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[1176,1256,1518,1541]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.33" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="233.0">233 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45:3D076012A876FFF1FA85FA399BC2F9B8" box="[1349,1440,1518,1541]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Polonnaruwa District" latitude="8.023889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.91033" municipality="Giritale" name="Locality" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="North Central">Locality</location>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[830,894,1547,1571]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">15CE</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[911,1008,1548,1571]" captionStart="Figures 579–581" captionStartId="121.[192,278,1661,1685]" captionTargetBox="[213,1417,167,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-89@121.[214,1416,168,1632]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="Figures 579–581: Figures 579–580. Locality 15CE, Sri Lanka, North Central Province, Polonnaruwa District, Giritale, 08°01'26.0"N 080°54'37.2"E, 233 m a.s.l. During night collecting on 22.–23.IV.2015 in the hotel garden (UV detection) we recorded Heterometrus swammerdami (inside the termite constructions, Fig. 580) and Heterometrus gravimanus inside burrows in open terrain. The mothers had 30 to 60 cm long oblique burrows usually once curved from which several narrow burrows created by their juveniles separated under surface. Every burrow of juveniles has a proper exit 15 to 90 cm from the main exit of the motherś burrow. On the locality we recorded night temperature 32.8 ºC– 26.5 ºC (minimum temperature) and night humidity varied between 51% and 79%. Figure 581. Locality 15CF, Sri Lanka, North Central Province, Polonnaruwa District, near Kaudulla National Park, 08°08'40.6"N 080°51'04"E, 101 m a.s.l. During a day 23.IV.2015 we recorded Buthoscorpio sarasinorum (under stones or woods), Isometrus thwaitesi (under dry bark of standing trees), Reddyanus besucheti (under stones), and Chaerilus ceylonensis (under stones)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124777/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Fig. 579</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1029,1211,1548,1571]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="2015-04-22" valueMax="2015-04-23" valueMin="2015-04-22">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1029,1211,1548,1571]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="2015-04-22" valueMax="2015-04-23" valueMin="2015-04-22">
|
||
22. –23.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1119,1149,1548,1571]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.2015
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1225,1258,1548,1571]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1276,1436,1548,1571]" captionStart="Figures 458–461" captionStartId="92.[192,278,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[250,1400,172,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-11@92.[233,1404,162,1824]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figures 458–461: Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. Figures 458–459. Male in dorsal (458) and ventral (459) views. Figures 460–461. Female, dorsal (460) and ventral (461) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124714/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Figs. 458–459</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[830,929,1579,1602]" captionStart="Figures 462–469" captionStartId="93.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,200,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-6@93.[192,1439,201,1704]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124716/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">462, 464</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[942,1147,1579,1602]" captionStart-0="Figures 470–475" captionStart-1="Figures 476–479" captionStartId-0="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionStartId-1="95.[192,278,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox-0="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1422,219,1766]" captionTargetId-0="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@95.[192,1439,212,1776]" captionTargetPageId-0="94" captionTargetPageId-1="95" captionText-0="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." captionText-1="Figures 476–479: Right hemispermatophore of Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. External (476), dorsal (477), internal (478) and ventral (479) views. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dl, distal lamina; dtdl, dorsal trough of distal lamina; h, hook; ml, median lobe; mtt, median transverse trough; pl, proximal lobe; t, trunk." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124720" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7124720/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">470–472, 475–479</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1160,1203,1579,1602]" captionStart="Figures 480–481" captionStartId="96.[192,278,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,167,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-37@96.[192,1439,168,1845]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="Figures 480–481: Heterometrus gravimanus, male (480) and female (481) at locality 15CE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124722" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124722/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">480</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1216,1258,1579,1602]" captionStart="Figures 571–574" captionStartId="116.[192,278,786,810]" captionTargetBox="[195,1423,184,735]" captionTargetId="figure-11@116.[192,1439,168,757]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="Figures 571–574: Key characters for distinguishing Sri Lankan Heterometrus. Figures 571–572. Pedipalp chela dorsal view of male, Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (571) and Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE (572). Figures 573– 574. Metasomal segments IV-II lateral view of female, Heterometrus indus from locality 15CA (573) and Heterometrus serratus from locality 15CP (574)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124769/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">572</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1274,1307,1579,1602]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 458–461" captionStartId="92.[192,278,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[250,1400,172,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-11@92.[233,1404,162,1824]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="Figures 458–461: Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. Figures 458–459. Male in dorsal (458) and ventral (459) views. Figures 460–461. Female, dorsal (460) and ventral (461) views. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124714" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124714/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Figs. 460– 461</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[895,1003,1610,1633]" captionStart="Figures 462–469" captionStartId="93.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,200,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-6@93.[192,1439,201,1704]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124716/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">463, 465</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1024,1068,1610,1633]" captionStart="Figures 470–475" captionStartId="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">473</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1098,1167,1610,1633]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">FKCP</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1189,1222,1610,1633]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
7juvs.,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1311,1379,1610,1633]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">UPSL</collectionCode>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[830,918,1640,1663]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Kovařík</collectorName>
|
||
et al.;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-04-26" collectingDateMax="2015-04-27" collectingDateMin="2015-04-26" collectionCode="FKCP" collectorName="Kovarik" country="Sri Lanka" elevation="19" latitude="9.714334" location="Locality" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.07911" municipality="Jaffna District" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Northern">
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1006,1212,1640,1663]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Northern" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Northern Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1227,1387,1640,1663]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Jaffna District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="51.6" value="9.714334">09° 42'51.6"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[951,1110,1671,1694]" degrees="080" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" precision="1" seconds="44.8" value="80.07911">080°04'44.8"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation box="[1127,1250,1671,1694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="19.0">
|
||
<quantity box="[1127,1188,1671,1694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="19.0">19 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B07187DFA876FFF8FC4AFBD49C23FA45:3D076012A876FFF1FB36F9509B33F923" box="[1270,1361,1671,1694]" country="Sri Lanka" latitude="9.714334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.07911" municipality="Jaffna District" name="Locality" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="Northern">Locality</location>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1374,1433,1670,1694]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">15CJ</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[830,993,1702,1725]" captionStart="Figures 585–587" captionStartId="123.[192,278,1541,1565]" captionTargetBox="[233,1393,189,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-293@123.[234,1392,190,1512]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="Figures 585–587: Figure 585. Locality 15CI, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, Mannar District, Marichchukkaddi env, border of Wilpattu National Park, 08°33'32.3"N 079°56'51"E, 7 m a.s.l. During night collecting on 25.–26.IV.2015 (UV detection) we recorded Isometrus maculatus and Isometrus thwaitesii sympatrically (running on branches and trunks of trees, also sitting on leaves one to four metres high), Reddyanus ceylonensis sp. n. (on the land among leaves; the type locality), Reddyanus loebli (hidden under scales of bark of standing tree trunks). Near to the locality we recorded temperature between 37.6 ºC (maximum daytime temperature and 26.2 ºC (minimum nighttime temperature) shortly before sunrise. Humidity varied between 67% and 81%. Figures 586–587. Locality 15CJ, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, Jaffna District, 09°42'51.6"N 080°04'44.8"E, 19 m a.s.l. During night collecting on 26.–27.IV.2015 (UV detection) we recorded Lychas srilankensis (on the land usually under branches, leaves or in their vicinity), Heterometrus swammerdami (inside the termite constructions or inside heaps of garden "waste") and Heterometrus gravimanus inside burrows in open terrain (Fig. 587). The females had 30 to 60 cm long oblique burrows once or twice curved. A female shortly after maturity ecdysis was in the burrow together with a male; another female was in the burrow together with three juveniles which had their own narrow burrows separated under surface from the motherś burrow; a juvenile after the third ecdysis had a proper burrow 30 cm long oblique and once curved. There also lives Isometrus maculatus. On the locality we recorded night temperature 31.6 ºC– 27.2 ºC (minimum temperature) and night humidity varied between 60% and 87%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124781/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Figs. 586–587</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<date box="[1018,1202,1702,1725]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="2015-04-26" valueMax="2015-04-27" valueMin="2015-04-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1018,1202,1702,1725]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" value="2015-04-26" valueMax="2015-04-27" valueMin="2015-04-26">
|
||
26. –27.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1111,1141,1702,1725]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">IV</collectionCode>
|
||
.2015
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1219,1252,1702,1725]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1273,1436,1702,1725]" captionStart="Figures 462–469" captionStartId="93.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,200,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-6@93.[192,1439,201,1704]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124716/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Figs. 466–468</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[830,874,1732,1755]" captionStart="Figures 470–475" captionStartId="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">474</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount box="[893,926,1732,1755]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[941,1034,1732,1755]" captionStart="Figures 462–469" captionStartId="93.[192,278,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[191,1440,200,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-6@93.[192,1439,201,1704]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Figures 462–469: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 462, 464. Male from locality 15CE, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I– II (462), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (464). Figures 463, 465. Female from locality 15CJ, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (463), and sternopectinal region with sternites III–IV (465). 466–468. Male from locality 15CJ, tarsomeres of third (466) and fourth (467) legs retroventral views, and telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (468). Figure 469. Female from locality 15CJ, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124716/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Fig. 469</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1053,1122,1732,1755]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">FKCP</collectionCode>
|
||
, leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1179,1266,1732,1755]" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">Kovařík</collectorName>
|
||
et al.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="97.[830,1447,1794,1878]" lastBlockId="101.[192,809,1165,1403]" lastPageId="101" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="97" pageNumber="96">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. Total length
|
||
<quantity box="[1126,1263,1794,1817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="92.5" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="75.0">75–110 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Color of adults uniformly reddish brown. Pectinal teeth number
|
||
<quantity box="[830,925,1855,1878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 in</quantity>
|
||
males and
|
||
<quantity box="[1045,1140,1855,1878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="97" pageNumber="96" unit="in" value="12.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="11.0">11–13 in</quantity>
|
||
females. Male with slightly longer pedipalp femur and patella. Chela lobiform, narrower in male than female; chela length/ width ratio 1.79–2.05 in males, 1.65–1.75 in females. Entire manus covered by rounded granules, with five carinae mainly in anterolateral part. Pedipalp patella smooth, without pronounced internal tubercle. Carapace smooth, glossy. Spination formula of tarsomeres II of legs: 4/4-5: 4/5: 4/5-6: 4/5-6. Telson elongate, vesicle shorter than aculeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124724" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124724" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124724/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" startId="98.[192,278,1826,1850]" targetBox="[202,1418,200,1789]" targetPageId="98">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="98.[192,1441,1826,1875]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,389,1826,1850]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Figures 482–485:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[397,590,1829,1850]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[397,590,1829,1850]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[804,974,1828,1850]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Figures 482–483</emphasis>
|
||
. Male in dorsal (482) and ventral (483) views.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,360,1853,1875]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Figures 484–485</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, dorsal (484) and ventral (485) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124726/files/figure.png" pageId="99" pageNumber="98" startId="99.[192,278,1844,1868]" targetBox="[213,1417,167,1815]" targetPageId="99">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="99.[192,1440,1844,1917]" pageId="99" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,390,1844,1868]" pageId="99" pageNumber="98">Figures 486–489:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[400,593,1846,1867]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="99" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,593,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="99" pageNumber="98">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[812,986,1845,1867]" pageId="99" pageNumber="98">Figures 486, 488</emphasis>
|
||
. Male, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–III (4 86), and sternopectinal region (488).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[572,741,1870,1892]" pageId="99" pageNumber="98">Figures 487, 489</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, chelicerae, carapace and tergites I–II (487), and sternopectinal re gion (489).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124728" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124728/files/figure.png" pageId="100" pageNumber="99" startId="100.[192,278,1805,1829]" targetBox="[208,1424,198,1768]" targetPageId="100">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="100.[192,1440,1805,1853]" pageId="100" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,390,1805,1829]" pageId="100" pageNumber="99">Figures 490–493:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[400,593,1807,1828]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="100" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,593,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="99">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,927,1807,1829]" pageId="100" pageNumber="99">Figure 490</emphasis>
|
||
. Male, metasoma and telson, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="100" pageNumber="99">Figures 491–493</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, metasoma and telson, lateral (491), ventral (492), and dorsal (493) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124732" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124732/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" startId="101.[192,278,1039,1063]" targetBox="[201,1435,171,999]" targetPageId="101">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="101.[192,1440,1039,1113]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,388,1039,1063]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Figures 494–499:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[394,585,1042,1063]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,585,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CA.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[795,1011,1041,1063]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Figures 494, 496–499</emphasis>
|
||
. Male, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view (494), chelicera dorsal (496) and ventral (497) views, and tarsomeres of third (498) and fourth (499) legs retroventral views.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[260,370,1091,1113]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Figure 495</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, telson with metasomal segment V in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="101" pageNumber="100" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="101.[192,803,1441,1894]" lastBlockId="101.[830,1440,1165,1710]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">
|
||
HEMISPERMATOPHORE (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[460,631,1441,1464]" captionStart="Figures 476–479" captionStartId="95.[192,278,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[205,1422,219,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-21@95.[192,1439,212,1776]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="Figures 476–479: Right hemispermatophore of Heterometrus gravimanus from locality 15CE. External (476), dorsal (477), internal (478) and ventral (479) views. Scale bar: 2 mm. Abbreviations: bl, basal lobe; dl, distal lamina; dtdl, dorsal trough of distal lamina; h, hook; ml, median lobe; mtt, median transverse trough; pl, proximal lobe; t, trunk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124720/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Figs. 476–479</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lamelliform. Distal lamina long, slender, basal capsular portion one fifth of total lamina length, wider, dorsal trough nearly flat with slightly elevated transverse strip, bordered internally by strong carina; portion of lamina just distal to hook constricted, curved, deflected internally; distal terminus of lamina dilated, truncated and spatulate. Hook prominent, with narrowed tip and wide triangular base, lacking dorsal trough. Median lobe elongate, extending from base of hook to truncal flexure, with fine longitudinal carina and trough along internal side. Inner lobe and median transverse trough large, prominent. Basal and proximal lobes smaller but well developed, blunt, rounded. All lobes of capsule region smooth, without barbs or spicules. Trunk broader than both capsule and distal lamina, parallel-sided, with moderately sclerotized diagonal axial rib.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="101.[830,1440,1165,1710]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">
|
||
The hemispermatophore is quite similar to those of several other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Kovarik" authorityYear="2004" box="[1125,1272,1257,1280]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1125,1272,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously illustrated as line drawings:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Herbst, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1184,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1210,1335,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">longimanus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Herbst" firstAuthor="Herbst" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" refId="ref41325" refString="HERBST, J. F. W. 1800. Naturgeschichte der Skorpionen. Natursystem der Ungeflugelten Insekten. Berlin: Bei Gottlieb August Lange, 86 pp." type="book" year="1800">Herbst, 1800</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(C. L. Koch, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[912,1257,1319,1342]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[912,931,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,1036,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
(C.L. Koch, 1836)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Ehrenberg, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1828" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1320,1339,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1359,1440,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">spinifer</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1828)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="COUZIJN, H. W. C." box="[1059,1219,1349,1372]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 196" part="184" refId="ref40696" refString="COUZIJN, H. W. C. 1981. Revision of the genus Heterometrus. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 184: 1 - 196." title="Revision of the genus Heterometrus" type="journal article" year="1981">Couzijn, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stockwell" bookContentInfo="319 pp." box="[1242,1424,1349,1372]" firstAuthor="Stockwell" journalOrPublisher="Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" refId="ref44500" refString="STOCKWELL, S. A. 1989. Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata). Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Berkeley, Berkeley, California. 319 pp. (unpublished). University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan." title="Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata)" type="book" year="1989">Stockwell, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relative proportions of the distal lamina and trunk are comparable and the same capsular structures or lobes are present. Some differences can be seen: (i) in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1414,1433,1441,1464]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,916,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[971,1086,1472,1495]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,989,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1004,1086,1472,1495]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">spinifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the distal lamina is straight, not internally deflected; (ii) the hook is smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1414,1433,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,955,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">longimanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1012,1133,1533,1556]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1012,1031,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1133,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has a shorter tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1828" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Buthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifer">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1414,1433,1533,1556]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[830,912,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">spinifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; (iii) the distal lamina is not terminally dilated in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Herbst" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[831,990,1595,1618]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,850,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,990,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">longimanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1049,1170,1595,1618]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1068,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1170,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the extent of intraspecific morphological variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Kovarik" authorityYear="2004" box="[1293,1440,1625,1648]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1293,1440,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Heterometrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hemispermatophores is unknown, so it is unclear if these differences have diagnostic value.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="101.[830,1440,1748,1894]" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">
|
||
VARIABILITY. The figures 470–475 show variability in the shape of the chela in adult males. The greatest difference is between the
|
||
<quantity box="[1085,1159,1809,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="77.0">77 mm</quantity>
|
||
long male (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1292,1384,1809,1832]" captionStart="Figures 470–475" captionStartId="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Fig. 475</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<quantity box="[873,960,1840,1863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="101" pageNumber="100" unit="mm" value="105.0">105 mm</quantity>
|
||
long male (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1090,1183,1840,1863]" captionStart="Figures 470–475" captionStartId="94.[192,278,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[213,1432,197,1738]" captionTargetId="figure-11@94.[192,1439,192,1754]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Figures 470–475: Heterometrus gravimanus. Figures 470–472. Male 105 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal (470), external (471) and ventral (472) views. Figure 473. Female from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 474. Male 106 mm long from locality 15CJ, pedipalp chela in dorsal view. Figures 475. Male 77 mm long from locality 15CE, pedipalp chela in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124718/files/figure.png" pageId="101" pageNumber="100">Fig. 470</figureCitation>
|
||
) from the same locality 15CE.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124734" box="[192,1041,1827,1851]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124734/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" startId="102.[192,278,1827,1851]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1798]" targetPageId="102">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="102.[192,1041,1827,1851]" box="[192,1041,1827,1851]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,387,1827,1851]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Figures 500–501:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[393,583,1830,1851]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,583,1830,1851]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (500) and male (501) at locality 15CA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124736/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" startId="103.[192,278,1860,1884]" targetBox="[191,1440,191,1831]" targetPageId="103">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="103.[192,1440,1860,1909]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,391,1860,1884]" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">Figures 502–503:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[400,594,1863,1884]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="103" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,594,1863,1884]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="102">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female from Peradeniya with newborns (502) and with juveniles after first ecdysis (5 03).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7124738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7124738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7124738/files/figure.png" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" startId="104.[192,278,1369,1393]" targetBox="[195,1433,177,1322]" targetPageId="104">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="104.[192,1441,1369,1468]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,387,1369,1394]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Figures 504–511:</emphasis>
|
||
Pedipalp chela.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[547,714,1371,1393]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Figures 504–507</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Fet" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[727,917,1372,1393]" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[727,917,1372,1393]" italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Heterometrus indus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CA, pedipalp chela dorsal (504) view of female, and pedipalp chela dorsal (505), external (506) and ventral (507) views of male.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1121,1291,1396,1418]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Figures 508–511</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Takashima" authorityYear="1945" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Scorpionidae" genus="Heterometrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Heterometrus serratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from locality 15CP, pedipalp chela dorsal (508) view of female, and pedipalp chela dorsal (509), external (510) and ventral (511) views of male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[192,577,1505,1528]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="104.[192,577,1505,1528]" box="[192,577,1505,1528]" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">
|
||
DISTRIBUTION.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[358,413,1505,1528]" name="India" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[465,573,1505,1528]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="104" pageNumber="103">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |