377 lines
45 KiB
XML
377 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="D81F30679ABE1852EA60A03DCC8F4649" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.184626" ID-GBIF-Dataset="151a0872-572c-45db-8b02-456d8b7f1473" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="184626" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459992713587" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jitklang, Sanae, Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow, Baimai, Visut, Takaoka, Hiroyuki & Adler, Peter H." docDate="2008" docId="A36387DAFF80FFA99CB18AFA4B5079CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01917p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1917" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Simulium asakoae Takaoka and Davies 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="5F5AFFA2FF87FFA49C268F0349777807" masterDocTitle="Cytogenetics and morphotaxonomy of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) ceylonicum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698232681935" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="F37BC5487312292DCF8CFEB1E32C8D78" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2BCCE2AB0898F11E9654F81F4A089B08">
|
||
<mods:title id="7247F253A01013C902B3E9712A53BD09">Cytogenetics and morphotaxonomy of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) ceylonicum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="523B603961D50C094B944A34CF4C001D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B0974F093BEFC1DA681312E1F1D7C1C6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8F17B9D249CE2737E64750E466AD489D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="38426B0F3D5C3F71A8657F8C7B695A04">Jitklang, Sanae</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="028F613E504F3E860233315BCE0A7307" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8A4F31B077E6C07235F6D16691A48077">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DB2BBA58F07872823D71C8B40257B07B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="835FFBA8B97FEB23208C1FD341CE3E1E">Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F3FE43DE4611D6C0D8BDC918F4D4E596" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E2E4ED3878E31294E55A1C2DC1C7064E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9C27D103FE50C89A4253AFF13EF855EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="522B397639FC21ED680EABD2F7346DE4">Baimai, Visut</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="84A98CC44913AF4F5863DE14EA146B36" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="884523E90D3639A281EA60BA54D24E96">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1196C005CF944689701A5AFA9FA6C902">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="67B0D964CECB3F89D3F77985030CA76C">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="8B8C936DF587D4486E3C0BF2D7601E32" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="32EB79280AFCE2D9C94C521D88B8CB5F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EE8B460BE9B3EB2C7E56685FD7E76501">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="34CBE746AC47D505F6696DCD6910AF13">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="531891BB4B019A263580F3FA9F4082B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="79B1414CD888387E42A283E66BDC66C1" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2EBA364F66F52A902DB5081107F777F6">
|
||
<mods:title id="768C0E2CA2158660889F37E284CE253D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E8C9E48456A6CDA466C1B4D2BFF892CB">
|
||
<mods:date id="BAB0827071CD6BF89AFB66108F184D21">2008</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="809201AB7F24DA59F9BEC394E6175332" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="098971AF4F136133D9E12DC2522F651F">1917</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="41C8FD283A527CA6EC29232A6355F366" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7915C6436ACAF8F4C6D521FB84C70071">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C45630A9AD37F7232F8B473254D2C4C7">28</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="723E9848923B2C4A437F49A8C304EC77">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B47B842410C2D8181AB143721B75D25F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.184626</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="AFFF3CDB6EF321896893D857ACD4346F" type="GBIF-Dataset">151a0872-572c-45db-8b02-456d8b7f1473</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="203B4E9AF1FFC2E2E981AC2FE64B7A13" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9A64E69FB893304D21CCC879A18ECC56" type="Zenodo-Dep">184626</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="A36387DAFF80FFA99CB18AFA4B5079CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658671" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A36387DAFF80FFA99CB18AFA4B5079CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A36387DAFF80FFA99CB18AFA4B5079CD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF80FFA39CB18AFA48C37E3C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF80FFA39CB18AFA4BB27E15" blockId="7.[151,709,1528,1595]" box="[151,709,1528,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<heading id="703D81A0FF80FFA39CB18AFA4BB27E15" bold="true" box="[151,709,1528,1555]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF80FFA39CB18AFA4BB27E15" ID-CoL="8DXDT" authority="Takaoka and Davies, 1995" authorityName="Takaoka and Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,709,1528,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF80FFA39CB18AFA4BB27E15" bold="true" box="[151,709,1528,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF80FFA39CB18AFA48007E14" bold="true" box="[151,375,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simulium asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF80FFA39D588AFB4BB27E15" author="Takaoka" box="[382,709,1528,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Takaoka, H. & Davies, D. M. (1995). The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka. 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka and Davies, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF80FFA39CB1892248C37E3C" blockId="7.[151,709,1528,1595]" box="[151,436,1569,1595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(Figs. 6A, 7A, 9A, 11A)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF80FFA39CB189724D947FB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF80FFA39CB189724A7F7EAF" blockId="7.[151,1008,1649,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0BDA11E2FF80FFA39CB189724A7F7EAF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF80FFA39CB189724BD57E8F" ID-CoL="8DXDT" authority="Takaoka and Davies, 1995: 55" authorityName="Takaoka and Davies" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,674,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF80FFA39CB18972482E7E8F" box="[151,345,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simulium asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AA6B10DDFF80FFA39D4689724BD57E8F" author="Takaoka" box="[352,674,1649,1672]" page="55" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF80FFA39D4689724B097E8F" author="Takaoka" box="[352,638,1649,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Takaoka, H. & Davies, D. M. (1995). The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka. 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka and Davies, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 55
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–60 (female, male, pupa, larva)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF80FFA39CB18992498B7EAF" ID-CoL="8VTZ4" box="[151,252,1681,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF80FFA39CB18992498B7EAF" box="[151,252,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Simulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. ‘C’
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AA6B10DDFF80FFA39D7789924BE47EAF" author="Takaoka" box="[337,659,1681,1704]" page="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF80FFA39D7789924B077EAF" author="Takaoka" box="[337,624,1681,1704]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Takaoka, H. & Suzuki, H. (1984) The blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 35, 7 - 45." type="journal article" year="1984">Takaoka and Suzuki, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 21
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–22 (male)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF80FFA39CB189DA4D947FB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,1753,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
This species was described from the female, male, pupa, and larva from West
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF80FFA3981689DA4DEB7EF4" box="[1072,1180,1753,1779]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF80FFA3988D89DA49A17F1C" author="Takaoka" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Takaoka, H. & Davies, D. M. (1995). The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka. 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka and Davies 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We redescribe these stages based on material from site 8 to provide a reference for discussing morphological differences and similarities among cytoforms. Our specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF80FFA3983F882A4DEB7F45" ID-CoL="8DXDT" box="[1049,1180,1833,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF80FFA3983F882A4DEB7F45" box="[1049,1180,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically nearly identical to those in the original description, except for differences in several features (e.g., pattern of adult leg color, length of the female sensory vesicle relative to the 3rd maxillary palpal segment, length of the female and male basitarsi against their greatest width, and shape of the pupal terminal hooks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF8FFFAD9CB18CD948857CEC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8FFFAC9CB18CD94A437C86" blockId="8.[151,1436,986,1153]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9CB18CD9486E7BF5" bold="true" box="[151,281,986,1010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Standard map for IS arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8FFFAC9EBA8CD94AF67BF6" box="[668,897,986,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9EBA8CD94AF67BF6" box="[668,897,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. (B) Standard map for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF8FFFAC99298CD94C5F7BF6" box="[1295,1320,986,1009]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8FFFAC9CB18CFE480B7C13" box="[151,380,1021,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9CB18CFE480B7C13" box="[151,380,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Fixed inversions are underlined; floating inversions are not. A question mark indicates that the breakpoints might not be identical to those of other inversions with the same letter-number designation.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC99B28B234CEC7C2B" bold="true" box="[1428,1435,1056,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
|
||
Exact breakpoints of the inversion have not been determined. The approximate breakpoints of IL-2? and IL-3a are indicated as faint lines. C = centromere, NO = nucleolar organizer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8FFFAC9CB1887B4AFF7FDD" blockId="8.[151,1436,1912,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9CB1887B486F7F97" bold="true" box="[151,280,1912,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Standard map for IIIS arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8FFFAC9E58887B4A157F88" box="[638,866,1912,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9E58887B4A157F88" box="[638,866,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Fixed inversions are underlined; floating inversions are not.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8FFFAC9DB6889848E07FA0" bold="true" box="[400,407,1947,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">a</emphasis>
|
||
Exact breakpoints of the inversion have not been determined. The approximate breakpoints of IIIS-3a are indicated as faint lines. Bl = blister marker, C = centromere.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8EFFAD9CB18B6548857CEC" blockId="9.[151,1436,1126,1259]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9CB18B65486E7C79" bold="true" box="[151,281,1126,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Standard map for IIS arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8EFFAD9E8D8B644AF87C79" box="[683,911,1127,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9E8D8B644AF87C79" box="[683,911,1127,1150]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. (B) IIS arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8EFFAD98F18B644C2C7C79" box="[1239,1371,1127,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trangense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD98F18B644C2C7C79" box="[1239,1371,1127,1150]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. trangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="028D57A5FF8EFFAD99458B654CEB7C7A" box="[1379,1436,1126,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Fixed inversions are underlined; floating inversions are not.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9F0A8B894A447C91" bold="true" box="[812,819,1162,1174]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">a</emphasis>
|
||
Exact breakpoints of the inversion have not been determined. The approximate outermost breakpoints of
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9E928BB24B9E7CCF" box="[692,745,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">IIS-1</emphasis>
|
||
a,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9EDB8BB24A7D7CCF" box="[765,778,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">2</emphasis>
|
||
a,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9F388BB24A5C7CCF" box="[798,811,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3</emphasis>
|
||
a,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9F668BB24A3A7CCF" box="[832,845,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">4</emphasis>
|
||
a are indicated as faint lines. BR = ring of Balbiani, C = centromere, db = double bubble.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF8EFFAD9CE38A1D4BEA7DB6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8EFFAD9CE38A1D4BEA7DB6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1310,2025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9CE38A1D48327D3F" bold="true" box="[197,325,1310,1336]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva is characterized by the combination of a hypostoma shorter than its greatest width, distinct head spots, and greenish transverse bands on abdominal segments I–IV. The pupa is distinguished from that of other cytoforms by having terminal hooks with smooth margins and the gill stalk of the dorsal triplet thinner than that of the middle triplet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF8EFFA99CE38ABD4BF078DD" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8EFFAE9CE38ABD48FD7A1B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1310,2025]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,540]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9CE38ABD485F7DDF" bold="true" box="[197,296,1470,1496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8EFFAD9DEA8ABC4B297DDE" box="[460,606,1471,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9E4A8ABD4BC47DDF" bold="true" box="[620,691,1470,1496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Narrower than thorax. Frons dark brown, moderately covered with whitish-yellow pruinosity, and several dark hairs along lateral margins. Frons: head ratio 1.0: 5.0. Fronto-ocular area well developed. Clypeus dark brown, densely covered with whitish-yellow hairs interspersed with several dark hairs. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel, and 9 flagellomeres, with scape and pedicel and base of 1st flagellomere yellow; remaining flagellomeres brown. Maxillary palp with 5 segments; proportional lengths of 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments 1.0: 1.1: 2.7; sensory vesicle of moderate size, ca. 0.4 x as long as 3rd segment, with round opening distally. Maxillary lacinia with 10 inner and 16 outer teeth. Mandible with ca. 20 inner teeth and 9 outer ones.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD9E5B89DC4BA87EFE" bold="true" box="[637,735,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Scutum brown, shiny, with 3 faint, longitudinal vittae, and densely covered with whitish-yellow hairs. Scutellum brown, with long, erect, dark hairs along posterior margin. Postscutellum brown, bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum dark brown, with hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD98D5882C4C447F4E" bold="true" box="[1267,1331,1839,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8EFFAD98D5882C4C5B7F4E" bold="true" box="[1267,1324,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Foreleg: coxa and trochanter yellow; femur yellowish brown, darkened toward tip; tibia white with distal 1/4 dark brown; outer surface largely white; tarsus dark brown; basitarsus slender, ca. 5.8 x as long as its greatest width. Midleg: coxa brown; trochanter yellow; femur yellowish brown with basal 1/6 paler; tibia yellow on basal 1/3, and dark brown on remainder; tarsus dark brown with basal 1/2 of basitarsus yellow.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF8EFFAD98D688CC4C5C7FEE" box="[1264,1323,1999,2025]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
leg: coxa yellowish brown; trochanter yellow; femur yellow at base, darkened toward tip, and brown on distal 1/4; tibia yellowish white on basal 3/4, and brown on remainder; tarsus brown with basal 3/4 of basitarsus and basal 1/2 of 2nd tarsomere yellowish white; basitarsus slender, parallel sided, ca. 6.4 x as long as wide. Calcipala and pedisulcus well developed.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9DFA8E114B54792B" bold="true" box="[476,547,274,300]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Wing.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8DFFAE9EA18E114B93792B" box="[647,740,274,300]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Costa with spinules and hairs. Subcosta haired on basal 1/ 2. Hair tuft on stem vein yellow. Base of radius haired.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9F168E394ADB7953" bold="true" box="[816,940,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Basal scale yellow, with fringe of yellow hairs. Dorsal surface of abdomen yellowish brown, tergites of segments VI–VIII shiny.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE988C8E614C55797B" bold="true" box="[1194,1314,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Sternite 8 bare medially, with 20 or 21 dark macrosetae on each side. Hypogynial valve densely covered with microsetae; inner margin well sclerotized. Genital fork an inverted Y, with stem slender and well sclerotized. Anal lobe moderately produced ventrally, 0.8 x as long as wide. Cercus 0.7 x as long as wide. Spermatheca ellipsoidal, well sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8DFFAE9CB18AFB4DF17E7B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1528,1661]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9CB18AFB486E7E17" bold="true" box="[151,281,1528,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Standard map for IIL arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8DFFAE9E8D8AFB4AF87E08" box="[683,911,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9E8D8AFB4AF87E08" box="[683,911,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. (B) IIL arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8DFFAE98F18AFB4C2B7E08" box="[1239,1372,1528,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trangense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE98F18AFB4C2B7E08" box="[1239,1372,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">S. trangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="028D57A5FF8DFFAE99458AFB4CEB7E08" box="[1379,1436,1528,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Fixed inversions are underlined; floating inversions are not.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9F08891F4A427E2F" bold="true" box="[814,821,1564,1576]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
|
||
Exact breakpoints of the inversion have not been determined. The approximate breakpoints of IIL-10a are indicated as faint lines. Arrows indicate breakpoints of IIL-6. C = centromere, D = DNA puff, jg = jagged group, PB = parabalbiani, and S = symmetrical group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8DFFAF9CE389B34BD07FF1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1712,2024]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,1908,2038]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9CE389B3487B7ECD" bold="true" box="[197,268,1712,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length ca.
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8DFFAE9DF289B34B467ECD" box="[468,561,1712,1738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9E1A89B34BF17ECD" bold="true" box="[572,646,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
1.1 x wider than thorax. Upper eye with large facets in 13 horizontal rows and in 9 or 10 vertical columns. Clypeus brownish black, densely covered with pale hairs interspersed with several dark hairs. Antenna composed of scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres, brownish black except scape, pedicel, and base of 1st flagellomere yellowish brown. Maxillary palp with 5 segments, proportional lengths of 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments 1.0: 1.1: 2.4; sensory vesicle small, round, 0.2 x as long as 3rd segment, opening submedially.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9DBD887D488B7F9F" bold="true" box="[411,508,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Scutum brown with 3 faint, longitudinal vittae, and densely covered with yellow recumbent hairs. Scutellum brown with yellow pubescence and several dark hairs. Postscutellum bare. Pleural membrane bare. Katepisternum with hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8DFFAE9ECA88CD4A5B7FEF" bold="true" box="[748,812,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
As in female, except hind tibia and hind basitarsus
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9CB18877486D7F8B" bold="true" box="[151,282,1908,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
IIIL arm of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9DEE88774BD97F8C" box="[456,686,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceylonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9DEE88774BD97F8C" box="[456,686,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Simulium ceylonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF8CFFAF9F4F88774ABC7F8C" box="[873,971,1908,1931]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF982488774D037F8C" box="[1026,1140,1908,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF982488774D037F8C" box="[1026,1140,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(standard map), (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9972887749A37FA9" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9972887749A37FA9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. curtatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="028D57A5FF8CFFAF9CFA8894486F7FA9" box="[220,280,1943,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (C)
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9D76889448137FA9" box="[336,356,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S.</emphasis>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9DA9889448917FA9" box="[399,486,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9DA9889448917FA9" box="[399,486,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2, (D)
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9E1188944B3B7FA9" box="[567,588,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S.</emphasis>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9E5188944BB97FA9" box="[631,718,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9E5188944BB97FA9" box="[631,718,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3, (E)
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9F3A88944A477FA9" box="[796,816,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S.</emphasis>
|
||
nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9F7D88944AC57FA9" box="[859,946,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9F7D88944AC57FA9" box="[859,946,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4, (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9FD988944DDE7FA9" box="[1023,1193,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inthanonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9FD988944DDE7FA9" box="[1023,1193,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. inthanonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (G)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF98C388944C3B7FA9" box="[1253,1356,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sheilae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF98C388944C3B7FA9" box="[1253,1356,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. sheilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (H)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF99AE889448777FD4" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trangense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF99AE889448777FD4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. trangense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="028D57A5FF8CFFAF9D2188BF48347FD4" box="[263,323,1980,2003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and (I)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8CFFAF9DB988BF4B357FD4" box="[415,578,1980,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doisaketense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF9DB988BF4B357FD4" box="[415,578,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">S. doisaketense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="028D57A5FF8CFFAF9E6D88BF4BF37FD4" box="[587,644,1980,2003]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
C = centromere, m1 = basal marker, and m2= end marker.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8CFFAF992388B94C7B7FC1" bold="true" box="[1285,1292,1978,1990]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">a</emphasis>
|
||
Exact breakpoints of the inversion have not been determined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8BFFA89CB18F9B48DE79F5" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
yellow on basal 1/5 and 1/3, respectively, and dark brown on remainder.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF8BFFA89FCF8F9B4D5378B5" box="[1001,1060,152,178]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
basitarsus enlarged, ca. 2.7 x as long as wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89D678FBC48FF78DE" bold="true" box="[321,392,191,217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Wing.</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8BFFA89DC98FC34B3878DD" box="[495,591,192,218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Costa with spinules and hairs. Hair at base of costa yellow. Subcosta haired on basal 1/3. Base of radius haired. Hair tuft on stem vein dark yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA8981C8FE44DC17906" bold="true" box="[1082,1206,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Basal scale brown, with fringe of brown hairs. Segments II and V–VII shiny.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89F188E0C4AC2792E" bold="true" box="[830,949,271,297]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89F188E0C4AD9792E" bold="true" box="[830,942,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gonocoxite 1.2 x as long as wide. Gonostylus slender, shorter than gonocoxite, gradually tapered toward apex, with apical spinule. Ventral plate in ventral view with body ca. 2.0 x wider than long, with anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin broadly rounded and slightly concave medially; arms slender, parallel sided, though slightly convergent anteriorly. Paramere with 3 distinct hooks and several smaller hooks. Median sclerite elongated, weakly sclerotized, rounded apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8BFFA89CE38EFC4A6D7C75" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89CE38EFC48797A1E" bold="true" box="[197,270,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length (excluding gill filaments)
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8BFFA89EC58D034A027A1D" box="[739,885,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89FA78EFC4AB57A1E" bold="true" box="[897,962,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89FDB8EFC4D237A1E" bold="true" box="[1021,1108,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Integument yellow, moderately covered with microtubercules. Head with 4 pairs of trichomes, all long and simple. Thoracic trichomes in 6 pairs (3 anterodorsally, 2 anterolaterally, and 1 posterolaterally), all long and simple. Antennal sheath smooth. Gill (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3F12A49FF8BFFA89D1F8D7B48FD7A95" box="[313,394,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,255,1546,1570]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,877,1510]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,877,1520]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gill filaments of 10 cytoforms of the Simulium ceylonicum species group in Thailand. (A) S. asakoae, (B) S. curtatum n. sp., (C) S. nr. asakoae 2, (D) S. nr. asakoae 3, (E) S. nr. asakoae 4, (F) S. sheilae, (G) S. trangense n. sp., (H) S. doisaketense n. sp., (I) S. nr. sheilae 3, and (J) S. inthanonense. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184631/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A) with 8 filaments, arranged (2 + 1) + (1 + 2) + 2 from dorsal to ventral (sometimes dorsal triplet composed of 3 filaments arising at same level as primary stalk); length of stalk of dorsal triplet ca. 0.60 x as long as that of middle triplet, secondary stalk ca. 1.36 x length of primary stalk in middle triplet, length of stalk of ventralmost filaments ca. 0.5 x shorter than total length of middle triplet, ventralmost filaments ca. 1.2 x thicker than all other filaments, which are subequal in thickness; all filaments directed forward, with numerous transverse ridges.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89E548C3C4B997B5E" bold="true" box="[626,750,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum I with 1 long seta on each side; tergum II with 1 long, simple seta and 5 short setae on each side. Terga III and IV each with 4 hooked spines directed forward and 1 short, spinous seta on each side. Terga VI–VIII each with transverse row of spine combs directed caudad on each side. Tergum IX with pair of terminal hooks, triangular in shape, each with smooth outer margin. Sternum IV with 2 simple hooks and few minute setae on each side; sternum V with pair of bifid hooks on each side; sterna VI and VII each with pair of inner bifid and outer simple hooks on each side; last segment with 3 grapnel-like hooklets on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89EA98B2C4B847C4E" bold="true" box="[655,755,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cocoon.</emphasis>
|
||
Wall-pocket shaped, densely woven, somewhat extended ventrolaterally, produced as short bulge anterodorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8BFFA89CE38B7C48507EA3" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89CE38B7C48197C9E" bold="true" box="[197,366,1151,1177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
||
(in Carnoy’s fixative). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8BFFA89F038B834ACF7C9D" box="[805,952,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.949999999999999" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.949999999999999" valueMax="6.1" valueMin="5.8">5.8–6.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body yellow with grayish brown transverse band on thoracic segment I, and faint reddish brown band on each of abdominal segments V and VI. Head capsule yellow, slightly darkened along posterior border, with distinct positive spots. Antenna consisting of 3 articles and apical sensillum, longer than stem of labral fan by 1/2 length of distal article; proportional lengths of 3 articles from proximal to distal 1.0: 0.9: 1.0. Labral fan with 47 or 48 primary rays. Mandible with comb-teeth decreasing in size from 1st to 3rd; mandibular sensillum consisting of 1 large and 1 small tooth. Hypostoma with 9 apical teeth; median tooth longest, followed by lateral teeth and sublateral teeth; hypostomal setae 4 per side. Postgenal cleft (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3F12A49FF8BFFA89E488A994BC27DB3" box="[622,693,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,255,704,728]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,202,675]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,197,678]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Postgenal clefts of larvae of 10 cytoforms of the Simulium ceylonicum species group in Thailand. (A) S. asakoae, (B) S. curtatum n. sp., (C) S. nr. asakoae 2, (D) S. nr. asakoae 3, (E) S. nr. asakoae 4, (F) S. sheilae, (G) S. trangense n. sp., (H) S. doisaketense n. sp., (I) S. nr. sheilae 3, and (J) S. inthanonense. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/184629/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A) lanceolate, pointed apically, 2.1–2.3 x as long as postgenal bridge. Thoracic cuticle and abdominal cuticle of segments I–IV bare, segments V–VIII typically moderately covered with minute, mostly unbranched setae (rarely 2 branches), or sometimes bare; last segment moderately covered with colorless setae on each side of anal sclerite. Ventral tubercles present. Rectal papilla compound, each of 3 lobes with 8–10 finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite X-shaped, with anterior arm ca. 0.9 x as long as posterior arm. Accessory sclerite absent. Posterior circlet with about 72 rows of 12–14 hooklets per row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8BFFA89CE389B14DB07F9F" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89CE389B148087ECB" bold="true" box="[197,383,1714,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chromosomes.</emphasis>
|
||
We analyzed the chromosomes of
|
||
<specimenCount id="3DCCFD45FF8BFFA89F0489B14AE87ECB" box="[802,927,1714,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="larva">322 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
from 36 sites. The polytene chromosomes stained faintly in all populations, and the centromere regions were condensed. Five of the six chromosome arms had the standard banding sequence, whereas the long arm of chromosome II was fixed for
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA8993888004C2D7F1B" box="[1310,1370,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">IIL-4</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 5A). Four unique floating inversions were found: IS-1, IS-2, IS-6 (Fig. 2A), and IIIL-1 (Fig. 6A). B chromosomes occurred in two larvae at site 8. Inversion IIIL-1 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in three populations: site 4 (χ 2 = 0.34,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89D82887D48C17F90" box="[420,438,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
> 0.05), site 8 (χ 2 = 0.04,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89EF8887D4B877F90" box="[734,752,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
> 0.05), and site 35 (χ 2 = 0.49,
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA8987F887D4D1C7F90" box="[1113,1131,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P</emphasis>
|
||
> 0.05).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8BFFA99CE388A64BF078DD" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2024]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,458]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8BFFA89CE388A648267FB8" bold="true" box="[197,337,1957,1983]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bionomics:</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae and pupae typically were found on fallen leaves and trailing grasses, rarely on stones or artificial substrates (e.g., plastic) in streams ranging in width from 0.2 to 10.0 m at altitudes from
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8BFFA9997688CD498C78B5" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.325" metricValueMax="16.15" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="932.5" valueMax="1615.0" valueMin="250.0">250 to 1,615 m</quantity>
|
||
. They were collected commonly from slow (
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8AFFA99F298F9B4AEE78B5" box="[783,921,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="0.405" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.01">0.01–0.8 m</quantity>
|
||
/s, mean
|
||
<quantity id="EC329B29FF8AFFA998248F9B4D3E78B5" box="[1026,1097,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="0.3">0.3 m</quantity>
|
||
/s), sandy streams with gravels, mostly in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="53DD765CFF8AFFA99D808FC34B7978DD" box="[422,526,192,218]" name="Thailand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="66480377FF8AFFA99E3B8FC34B0078DD" box="[541,631,192,218]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,706,730]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,901,1570]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Ecological data (mean, minimum-maximum) for 10 members of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) ceylonicum species group in Thailand." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7FB56644FF89FFAA9CB18DC148C77AFB" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="7FB56644FF89FFAA9CB18DC148C77AFB">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63D06547FF8AFFA99CE38FE44B5079CD" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B7536CCFF8AFFA99CE38FE44B5079CD" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99CE38FE448367906" bold="true" box="[197,321,231,257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal setae of larvae, which are of taxonomic value in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8AFFA9989C8FEB4C1F7906" box="[1210,1384,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gomphostilbia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA9989C8FEB4C1F7906" box="[1210,1384,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Gomphostilbia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are apparently absent in some high-altitude populations (sites 6 and 8) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8AFFA99FE18E134D33792E" box="[967,1092,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99FE18E134D33792E" box="[967,1092,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A short anterodorsal projection is present on the cocoon in these high-elevation populations (sites 4, 6, and 8); however, we cannot rule out the possibility that the pupae belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8AFFA99E868E634A2C797E" box="[672,859,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inthanonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99E868E634A2C797E" box="[672,859,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. inthanonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The banding sequence in our material matched that in the photocomplement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECCA4D4FFF8AFFA99E348E8B4BE779A6" box="[530,656,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asakoae">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99E348E8B4BE779A6" box="[530,656,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">S. asakoae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF8AFFA99F108E8B4DF379A5" box="[822,1156,392,418]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Boonkemtong, C., Phayuhasena, S. & Baimai, V. (2003) Larval polytene chromosomes of black flies (Simulium) from Thailand. I. Comparison among five species in the subgenus Gomphostilbia Enderlein. Genetica, 118, 69 - 81." type="journal article">
|
||
Kuvangkadilok
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99FD58E8B4D5979A6" box="[1011,1070,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF8AFFA998998E8B4C1E79A5" author="Phasuk" box="[1215,1385,392,418]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Phasuk, J. (2006) Lotic Diptera of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, with emphasis on the diversity, taxonomy, and ecology of black flies (Simuliidae). Ph. D. thesis. Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 241 pp." type="book" year="2006">Phasuk (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F5B4B3DFF8AFFA99D158EB34B5479CD" box="[307,547,432,458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="27" refString="Phasuk, J., Chanpaisaeng, J., Adler, P. H. & Courtney, G. W. (2005) Chromosomal and morphological taxonomy of larvae of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zootaxa, 1052, 49 - 60." type="journal article">
|
||
Phasuk
|
||
<emphasis id="19BEEADEFF8AFFA99DA98EB348BD79CE" box="[399,458,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |