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<mods:title id="872284268129C031A00062044FAF5C3E">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C287C628097C13D4F48D332EB17ADD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107443" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119646519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107443" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C287C628097C13D4F48D332EB17ADD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287C628097C13D4F48D332EB17ADD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4F48D332DB67F04" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F48D332F9C7F65" blockId="2.[151,910,1826,1885]" box="[151,910,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<heading id="D09C81BC28097C14D4F48D332F9C7F65" bold="true" box="[151,910,1826,1852]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328097C14D4F48D332F9C7F65" ID-CoL="75D9Q" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,910,1826,1852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F48D332F9C7F65" bold="true" box="[151,910,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F48D332D907F65" bold="true" box="[151,386,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Oswaldella delicata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B2128097C14D5EA8D332F9C7F65" author="Pena" box="[393,910,1826,1852]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1997) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent antarctic expeditions with R. V. ' Polarstern', with the description of eight new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 339 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1997. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F48D552DB67F04" blockId="2.[151,910,1826,1885]" box="[151,420,1860,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
(
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D4FC8D552CF57F04" box="[159,231,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13502A5528097C14D4908D552D027F04" box="[243,272,1860,1885]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Detail of the area from which mesial nematophore emerges. A, Oswaldella bifurca; B, Oswaldella delicata; C, Oswaldella elongata; D, Oswaldella erratum; E, Oswaldella frigida; F, Oswaldella garciacarrascosai; G, Oswaldella grandis; H, Oswaldella incognita; I, Oswaldella laertesi; J, Oswaldella niobae; K, Oswaldella rigida; L, Oswaldella shetlandica; M, Oswaldella stepanjantsae; N, Oswaldella vervoorti; O, Oswaldella sp. Scale bar: 20 µm (A O)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245903/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">16</figureCitation>
B, 17B, 19B)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B28097C14D4F48D9D2EE47FB4" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028097C14D4F48D9D2EE47FB4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D4F48D9D2D957FFC" bold="true" box="[151,391,1932,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Material examined.</emphasis>
Spanish
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028097C14D5998D9D2E707FFC" box="[506,610,1932,1957]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Expedition Bentart 95:
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D7EB8D9D2FFF7FFC" bold="true" box="[904,1005,1932,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Stn 28A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228097C14D0628D9F28A97FFC" box="[1025,1211,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">
<collectionCode id="ED7AAE1528097C14D0628D9F28227FFC" box="[1025,1072,1934,1957]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/d4va-b13i" name="University of the Basque Country" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">BIO</collectionCode>
Hespérides
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD5101028097C14D0AC8D9C298A7FFC" box="[1231,1432,1932,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" value="1995-02-02">2 February 1995</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F501728097C14D4F48DA02D267F93" box="[151,308,1969,1994]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="-62.20216">62°12.1297S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE5F501728097C14D52B8DA02DFC7F93" box="[328,494,1969,1994]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" precision="1" value="-60.386387">60°23.1833W</geoCoordinate>
(South
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028097C14D6348DA02F087F93" box="[599,794,1969,1994]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
, north of Livingston
<collectingCountry id="F37C764028097C14D0458DA0287D7F93" box="[1062,1135,1969,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="403">Island</collectingCountry>
),
<quantity id="4C939B3528097C14D0E98DA028CB7F90" box="[1162,1241,1969,1994]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
(Department of Zoology, University of Valencia, BENTART 95-28A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF14665828087C15D4F48D6B293A7FB5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245888/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" targetBox="[254,1325,195,1869]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BD436D028087C15D4F48D6B293A7FB5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1914,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228087C15D4F48D6B2D067FD6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1914,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D5328087C15D57F8D6B2E867FC9" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[284,660,1914,1936]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC228087C15D57F8D6B2DCD7FC9" box="[284,479,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
(Hartlaub, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
. A, hydrocladial branching and disposition of hydrothecae and gonothecae; B, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophores and branched hydrocladium; C, detail of cauline axillary nematophore; DE, hydrocladial internodes with hydrotheca, mesial superior and mesial inferior nematophores (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematophore; G, gonotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 100 µm (DE, G) and 20 µm (BC, E).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF146658280F7C12D4F48D7F2F2F7FB9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" targetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280F7C12D4F48D7F2F2F7FB9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1902,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280F7C12D4F48D7F2D007FDA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1902,1924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53280F7C12D57B8D7F2F837FDD" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[280,913,1902,1924]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280F7C12D57B8D7F2DF67FDD" box="[280,484,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Oswaldella delicata</emphasis>
Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997
</taxonomicName>
. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; BC, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); DE, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (DE), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (CF).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C371655B280E7C13D4A48A862F2D79AD" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48A86281B78A1" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4A48A862D4B78E9" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Description.</emphasis>
Monosiphonic, unbranched stems, up to
<quantity id="4C939B35280E7C13D75B8A862F9978F6" box="[824,907,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
high, divided into internodes. Angle between cauline apophyses and stem ca. 45°. Cauline apophyses with single axillary nematophore, emerging through perisarc hole provided with very short collar-shaped nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D7E08ACE2FD478A1" box="[899,966,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48B152FF37996" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
Hydrocladia unbranched (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D58F8B152E237945" box="[492,561,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A), some bifurcated. First hydrocladial internode bifurcated, with two similar prongs. Mesial superior nematophore emerging behind free part of adcauline hydrothecal wall. Mesial inferior nematophore on a strongly marked swelling at proximal third of internode; with well-developed, nail-shaped nematotheca (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D5558B7E2D6879D1" box="[310,378,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
DF). Hydrotheca elongate, placed on middle of internode. Adcauline wall with distinct free portion. Abcauline hydrothecal wall roughly straight, but basally convex (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D7BE8B85283079F5" box="[989,1058,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). Hydrothecal aperture circular, more or less perpendicular to long axis of internode (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D68A8BA62F397989" box="[745,811,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
DE); rim even.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48BCD2F2D79AD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" box="[199,831,476,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Gonothecae fusiform with subterminal circular aperture.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B280E7C13D4A48BEE2EB17ADD" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0280E7C13D4A48BEE2EB17ADD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D4A48BEE2D297A41" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Remarks.</emphasis>
Our study has confirmed the presence of a single axillary nematophore in the cauline apophyses, as previously described (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2280E7C13D64888342E497A64" box="[555,603,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">et al</emphasis>
. 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21280E7C13D6CC8834281E7A65" author="Pena" box="[687,1036,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="406" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
). However, it is noteworthy that our study has provided evidence of the presence of a little-developed, previously unnoticed, collar-shaped nematotheca associated with that nematophore (
<figureCitation id="13502A55280E7C13D67F887D2E4D7ADD" box="[540,607,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[253,1333,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[253,1333,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Oswaldella delicata Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997. A, fragment of hydrocladium showing hydrothecal arrangement; B C, cauline apophysis with axillary nematophore (B lateral view, C upper view); D E, hydrocladial internodes showing hydrotheca and mesial inferior nematotheca (D frontal view, E lateral view); F, detail of mesial inferior nematotheca. Scale bar: 400 µm (A), 60 µm (D E), 20 µm (B) and 10 µm (C F)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245889/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="406">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
BC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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