417 lines
64 KiB
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417 lines
64 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F40BE089A7E53078511A74D15F6EA8D8">Erimetopus vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) n. comb., with notes on the taxonomy of the genus Erimetopus Rathbun, 1894 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Central Africa</mods:title>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C54F9FC48FDC57C99" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[412,595,988,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref12190" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1894) Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of African fresh-water crabs. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 17 (180), 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133A23AEC202443C5701FC48FD727C99" box="[612,740,988,1014]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–11" captionStart-1="FIGURES 12–14" captionStart-2="FIGURES 15–17" captionStart-3="Figures 18–26" captionStart-4="Figures 27–35" captionStart-5="FIGURES 36–38" captionStart-6="FIGURES 39–41" captionStart-7="FIGURES 42–44" captionStart-8="FIGURE 45" captionStartId-0="7.[264,382,1692,1716]" captionStartId-1="8.[264,383,1787,1811]" captionStartId-2="9.[264,383,1789,1813]" captionStartId-3="15.[264,349,1677,1701]" captionStartId-4="16.[264,349,1614,1638]" captionStartId-5="17.[264,383,1784,1808]" captionStartId-6="18.[264,382,1736,1760]" captionStartId-7="19.[264,382,1803,1827]" captionStartId-8="20.[264,367,1674,1698]" captionTargetBox-0="[329,1268,323,1675]" captionTargetBox-1="[424,1152,313,1777]" captionTargetBox-2="[443,1181,310,1784]" captionTargetBox-3="[324,1277,332,1630]" captionTargetBox-4="[287,1287,342,1568]" captionTargetBox-5="[411,1169,310,1768]" captionTargetBox-6="[412,1168,310,1727]" captionTargetBox-7="[281,1296,310,1795]" captionTargetBox-8="[274,1299,319,1661]" captionTargetId-0="figure-113@7.[268,1318,300,1691]" captionTargetId-1="figure-49@8.[360,1208,310,1777]" captionTargetId-2="figure-51@9.[374,1213,309,1788]" captionTargetId-3="figure-110@15.[287,1300,302,1651]" captionTargetId-4="figure-104@16.[266,1332,310,1613]" captionTargetId-5="figure-48@17.[350,1227,308,1777]" captionTargetId-6="figure-46@18.[347,1240,310,1731]" captionTargetId-7="figure-54@19.[258,1329,310,1796]" captionTargetId-8="figure-83@20.[264,1323,309,1665]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="17" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="19" captionTargetPageId-8="20" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–11. Erimetopus brazzae (A. MilneEdwards, 1886), adult female lectotype, cw 23.5 mm, MNHNB5069. 1, carapace and eyes, dorsal view; 2, cephalothorax, carapace and eyes, frontal view; 3, carpus. propodus, and dactylus of right cheliped, frontal view; 4, carpus. propodus, and dactylus of left cheliped, frontal view; 5, carpus of cheliped, superior view; 6, merus of right cheliped, dorsal view; 7, merus of right cheliped, inferior view; 8, left third maxilliped; 9, abdomen; 10, right pereopod 3; 11, right pereopod 5. Scale = 5 mm (1–2, 5, 9–11); 10 mm (3, 6–8)." captionText-1="FIGURES 12–14. Erimetopus brazzae (A. MilneEdwards, 1886), photographs of adult female lectotype of Thelphusa brazzae A. MilneEdwards, 1886, cw 23.5 mm, MNHNB5069. 12, frontal view; 13, dorsal view; 14, underside, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 15–17. Erimetopus brazzae (A. MilneEdwards, 1886), photographs of adult female lectotype of Erimetopus spinosus Rathbun, 1894 cw 33.5 mm, USNM 18066. 15, frontal view; 16, dorsal view; 17, underside, ventral view." captionText-3="Figures 18–26. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n.comb. (Balss, 1936) adult female paratype (cw 29.5 mm), MRAC 1273. 18, carapace and eyes, dorsal view; 19, cephalothorax, carapace and eyes, frontal view; 20, carpus. propodus, and dactylus of right cheliped, frontal view; 21, carpus. propodus, and dactylus of left cheliped, frontal view; 22, carpus of cheliped, superior view; 23, carpus and merus of right cheliped, dorsal view; 24, merus of right cheliped, inferior view; 25, right pereopod 3; 26, right pereopod 5. Scale = 5 mm (18–19, 22, 25–26); 10 mm (20–21, 23–24)." captionText-4="Figures 27–35. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936). 27–29, 31–35, subadult male lectotype, cw 16.8 mm, MRAC 1273. 30, adult female paratype (cw 29.5 mm), MRAC 252. 27, abdomen; 28, left third maxilliped; 29, anterior sternum (male); 30, anterior sternum (female); 31, left gonopod 1, ventral aspect; 32, left gonopod 1, dorsal aspect; 33, left gonopod 1 terminal article, dorsal aspect, detail; 34, left gonopod 2, ventral aspect; 35, left gonopod 2, dorsal aspect. Scale = 5 mm (27–30); 3 mm (31–32, 34–35); 1 mm (33)." captionText-5="FIGURES 36–38. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936), photographs of adult female paratype (cw 29.5 mm), MRAC 252. 36, frontal view; 37, dorsal view; 38, underside, ventral view." captionText-6="FIGURES 39–41. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936), photographs of subadult male lectotype (cw 16.5 mm), MRAC 1273. 39, frontal view; 40, dorsal view; 41, underside, ventral view." captionText-7="FIGURES 42–44. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936), photographs of subadult male lectotype (cw 16.5 mm), MRAC 1273. 42, first gonopod ventral view; 43, first gonopod dorsal view; 44, first gonopod terminal article, dorsal view." captionText-8="FIGURE 45. Summary of the distribution of Erimetopus brazzae (A. MilneEdwards, 1886) (large grey circles) and E. vandenbrandeni (Balss, 1936) (small black circle). Locality data are from the present study and from the literature (Rathbun 1905, 1921; Balss 1936; Bott 1955)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027969" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027971" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027975" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5236797" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5236799" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027977" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027981" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027983" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5027987" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5027969/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5027971/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5027975/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5236797/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5236799/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5027977/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5027981/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/5027983/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/5027987/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1–45</figureCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C54EFFBB2FDDA7B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[394,588,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref12190" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1894) Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of African fresh-water crabs. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 17 (180), 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun, 1894:26</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C573DFBB2FD507B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[600,710,1062,1085]" page="285" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C573DFBB2FD507B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[600,710,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="221 - 316" refId="ref12232" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1900) The decapod crustaceans of West Africa. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 22, 221 - 316." type="journal article" year="1900">1900: 285</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C57B7FBB2FCD67B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[722,832,1062,1085]" page="270" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C57B7FBB2FCD67B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[722,832,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 322" refId="ref12264" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1905) Les crabes d'eau douce (Potamonidae). Nouvelles Archives du Mus _ um d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) 7 (4), 159 - 322." type="journal article" year="1905">1905: 270</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C5629FBB2FC2C7B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[844,954,1062,1085]" page="433" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C5629FBB2FC2C7B52" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[844,954,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="379 - 474" refId="ref12301" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1921) The brachyuran crabs collected by the American Museum Congo expedition 1909 - 1915. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 43, 379 - 474." type="journal article" year="1921">1921: 433</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C56A3FBB2FB377B52" author="Ortmann, A. E." box="[966,1185,1062,1085]" page="300" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1903">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C56A3FBB2FB377B52" author="Ortmann, A. E." box="[966,1185,1062,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="267 - 400" refId="ref12149" refString="Ortmann, A. E. (1903) The Geographical Distribution of Freshwater Decapods and its Bearing upon Ancient Geography. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 41, 267 - 400, Figs. 3 - 4." type="journal article" year="1903">Ortmann, 1903: 300</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C51C9FBB2FED17B32" author="Lenz, H." page="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C51C9FBB2FED17B32" author="Lenz, H." pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref11029" refString="Lenz, H. (1912) Afrikanische Crustaceen aus schwedischen Sammlungen. Arkive fYr Zoologie (29), 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1912">Lenz, 1912: 9</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C5436FBD2FD907B32" author="Colosi, G." box="[339,518,1094,1117]" page="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C5436FBD2FD907B32" author="Colosi, G." box="[339,518,1094,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref10681" refString="Colosi, G. (1920) I Potamonidi conservati del R. Museo Zoologico di Torino. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 35 (734), 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1920">Colosi, 1920: 27</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C5777FBD2FD5E7B32" author="Balss, H." box="[530,712,1094,1117]" page="195" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C5777FBD2FD5E7B32" author="Balss, H." box="[530,712,1094,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="165 - 204" refId="ref10412" refString="Balss, H. (1936) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Potamidae (Susswasserkrabben) des Kongogebeites. Revue Zoologique et Botanique d'Afrique, 28 (2), 165 - 204." type="journal article" year="1936">Balss, 1936: 195</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA0193AC202443C57B6FBD2FC077B32" author="Chace, F. A." box="[723,913,1094,1117]" page="225" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" year="1942">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C57B6FBD2FC077B32" author="Chace, F. A." box="[723,913,1094,1117]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="185 - 233" refId="ref10632" refString="Chace, F. A. (1942) III. Decapod Crustacea. In: Scientific results of the fourth expedition to forested areas in eastern Africa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 91 (3), 185 - 233." type="journal article" year="1942">Chace, 1942: 225</bibRefCitation>
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; Cumberlidge, 1999: 45.
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|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6CA0C202443C546DFB1AFCF77BC6" box="[264,865,1166,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC202443C546DFB1AFCF77BC6" blockId="2.[264,1323,1166,1873]" box="[264,865,1166,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C202443C546DFB1AFE347BC7" bold="true" box="[264,418,1166,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54BA8189C202443C546DFB1AFED17BC7" box="[264,327,1166,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C202443C54D7FB1BFCCA7BC6" ID-CoL="3B29Q" authority="Rathbun, 1894" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[434,860,1167,1193]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C202443C54D7FB1BFD337BC7" box="[434,677,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erimetopus spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C57C9FB1BFCCA7BC6" author="Rathbun, M. J." box="[684,860,1167,1193]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref12190" refString="Rathbun, M. J. (1894) Descriptions of a new genus and two new species of African fresh-water crabs. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 17 (180), 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="1894">Rathbun, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6CA0C202443C545DFB22FB31790E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC202443C545DFB22FB31790E" blockId="2.[264,1323,1166,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C202443C545DFB22FE267BBF" bold="true" box="[312,432,1206,1232]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Carapace outline subhexagonal/rounded; epibranchial tooth large, sharp, pointing forward, positioned well behind postfrontal crest; mandibular palp twosegmented, terminal segment simple; orbit narrow (1/7 cw), upper orbital margin semicircular; anterolateral margin between exorbital and epibranchial teeth very long, curving slightly outward, with several small pointed teeth, lacking identifiable intermediate tooth; exopod of third maxilliped with long flagellum, ischium smooth lacking vertical sulcus; first carpal tooth on inner margin of carpus of cheliped large, slender, pointed, curving forward; series of pointed teeth on outer margin of carpus of P1; superior margins of meri of P2–P5 with two large, pointed distal teeth; carpi of P2–P4 with spines on anterior margins, posterior margins smooth; propodi of P2–P4 with spines on anterior margins, posterior margins smooth; propodus of P5 with spines on anterior and posterior margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31B6CA0C202443B545DF9FAFE2B7D21" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC202443D545DF9FAFBBA7EB9" blockId="2.[264,1323,1166,1873]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C202443C545DF9FAFE2A79E7" bold="true" box="[312,444,1646,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The absence of gonopod characters for some of the taxa included in this study is unfortunate, but it does not in itself discount the validity of utilizing other morphological characters to characterize the genus and to distinguish between its species. For example, our assignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C202443C5739F973FD75786F" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[604,739,1767,1792]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C202443C5739F973FD75786F" box="[604,739,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C202443C565EF973FC6E786E" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1970" box="[827,1016,1767,1793]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Potamonautidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on characters of the mandibular palp (2segmented) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC202443C57A1F89BFCD47846" author="Bott, R." box="[708,834,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="209 - 352" refId="ref10486" refString="Bott, R. (1955) Die Susswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., Decap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Musee du Congo belge, (Tervuren, Belgique,) C-Zoologie, (3,3), 3 (1), 209 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Bott 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Cumberlidge 1999), and of the second antennal segment (broad enough to fill the lateral margin of the antennular fossa). These characters are shared with the other genera of potamonautid freshwater crabs, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D546DFED0FE267E32" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[264,432,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D546DFED0FE267E32" box="[264,432,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additional familylevel characters found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D56D8FED0FBD27E32" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[957,1092,324,349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D56D8FED0FBD27E32" box="[957,1092,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which have still to be confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D54B1FEF8FDD97EEA" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[468,591,364,389]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D54B1FEF8FDD97EEA" box="[468,591,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) include a first gonopod that is in 4 parts, with a terminal article that is about onethird as long as the subterminal segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A23AEC203443D5688FE00FBEA7EC1" box="[1005,1148,404,430]" captionStart="Figures 27–35" captionStartId="16.[264,349,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[287,1287,342,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[266,1332,310,1613]" captionText="Figures 27–35. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936). 27–29, 31–35, subadult male lectotype, cw 16.8 mm, MRAC 1273. 30, adult female paratype (cw 29.5 mm), MRAC 252. 27, abdomen; 28, left third maxilliped; 29, anterior sternum (male); 30, anterior sternum (female); 31, left gonopod 1, ventral aspect; 32, left gonopod 1, dorsal aspect; 33, left gonopod 1 terminal article, dorsal aspect, detail; 34, left gonopod 2, ventral aspect; 35, left gonopod 2, dorsal aspect. Scale = 5 mm (27–30); 3 mm (31–32, 34–35); 1 mm (33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5236799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5236799/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 31–33</figureCitation>
|
||
, 42–44), and a second gonopod with a flagellumlike terminal article (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133A23AEC203443D56EAFE28FB897EB9" box="[911,1055,444,470]" captionStart="Figures 27–35" captionStartId="16.[264,349,1614,1638]" captionTargetBox="[287,1287,342,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-104@16.[266,1332,310,1613]" captionText="Figures 27–35. Erimetopus vandenbrandeni n. comb. (Balss, 1936). 27–29, 31–35, subadult male lectotype, cw 16.8 mm, MRAC 1273. 30, adult female paratype (cw 29.5 mm), MRAC 252. 27, abdomen; 28, left third maxilliped; 29, anterior sternum (male); 30, anterior sternum (female); 31, left gonopod 1, ventral aspect; 32, left gonopod 1, dorsal aspect; 33, left gonopod 1 terminal article, dorsal aspect, detail; 34, left gonopod 2, ventral aspect; 35, left gonopod 2, dorsal aspect. Scale = 5 mm (27–30); 3 mm (31–32, 34–35); 1 mm (33)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5236799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5236799/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 34–35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC203443D545DFE70FC6C7C51" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Fortunately, even without gonopod evidence,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D563BFE70FC737E92" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[862,997,484,509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D563BFE70FC737E92" box="[862,997,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is clearly distinct in many respects from other potamonautid genera in Africa. Characters that unequivocally characterize this genus when considered in combination include a carapace outline that is subhexagonal/rounded; a series of pointed teeth on the outer margin of the carpus of the cheliped; two large, pointed distal teeth on the superior margins of the meri of pereopods P2–P5; spines on the anterior margins of the carpi of pereopods P2–P4; spines on the anterior margins of the propodi of pereopods P2–P4; and spines on the anterior and posterior margins of the propodus of P5. Similarly, other characters of the carapace, eyes, and pereopods easily distinguish between the two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5609FCB0FC657C52" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[876,1011,804,829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5609FCB0FC657C52" box="[876,1011,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC203443D545DFCD8FC627B41" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">The absence of gonopod evidence in this case presents a challenge to taxonomists who are continually seeking new characters (whether gonopod or not) to distinguish between taxa. In this regard, it should be remembered that gonopod characters (although informative) restrict the use of identification keys to males, whereas diagnostic characters of the carapace, eyes, anterior sternum, and pereopods offer the advantage that they permit the identification of all specimens, including females and juveniles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC203443D545DFBA8FD6B7991" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The lack of gonopod evidence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D57A8FBA8FCDF7B3A" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[717,841,1084,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D57A8FBA8FCDF7B3A" box="[717,841,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prompted
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC203443D56ACFBA8FBC47B39" author="Bott, R." box="[969,1106,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="209 - 352" refId="ref10486" refString="Bott, R. (1955) Die Susswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., Decap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Musee du Congo belge, (Tervuren, Belgique,) C-Zoologie, (3,3), 3 (1), 209 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Bott (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to admit to uncertainty about the proper taxonomic placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5627FBF0FC5F7B12" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[834,969,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5627FBF0FC5F7B12" box="[834,969,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite this uncertainty, that author took the radical taxonomic step of assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D56EBFB18FB837BCA" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[910,1045,1164,1189]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D56EBFB18FB837BCA" box="[910,1045,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D51A0FB18FEC27BA2" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D51A0FB18FEC27BA2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC203443D5402FB20FE627BA1" author="Bott, R." box="[359,500,1204,1230]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="209 - 352" refId="ref10486" refString="Bott, R. (1955) Die Susswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., Decap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Musee du Congo belge, (Tervuren, Belgique,) C-Zoologie, (3,3), 3 (1), 209 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Bott (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5715FB20FD667BA2" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[624,752,1204,1229]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5715FB20FD667BA2" box="[624,752,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D56FBFB20FBD07BA2" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[926,1094,1204,1229]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D56FBFB20FBD07BA2" box="[926,1094,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because both taxa share a 2segmented mandibular palp, and because both lack an intermediate tooth on the anterolateral margin of the carapace between the exorbital and epibranchial teeth. However, neither of these characters is exclusive to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5655FAB8FC417A2A" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[816,983,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5655FAB8FC417A2A" box="[816,983,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5179FAB8FB357A2A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[1052,1187,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5179FAB8FB357A2A" box="[1052,1187,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, a 2segmented mandibular palp is shared by all African potamonautid genera, and an intermediate tooth is also lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D57AFFAE8FBE47AF9" authority="(Cumberlidge 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Cumberlidge" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[714,1138,1404,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D57AFFAE8FCE67AFA" box="[714,880,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonemus</emphasis>
|
||
(Cumberlidge 1999)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, the characters used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC203443D577CFA30FD357AD1" author="Bott, R." box="[537,675,1444,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="209 - 352" refId="ref10486" refString="Bott, R. (1955) Die Susswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., Decap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Musee du Congo belge, (Tervuren, Belgique,) C-Zoologie, (3,3), 3 (1), 209 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Bott (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5630FA30FC457AD2" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[853,979,1444,1469]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5630FA30FC457AD2" box="[853,979,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from his subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D518CFA30FEEE7A8A" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D518CFA30FEEE7A8A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(such as differences in the cornea length and carapace anterolateral margin tooth patterns) are not shared by all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D578EFA60FCE47962" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[747,882,1524,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D578EFA60FCE47962" box="[747,882,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are therefore interpreted here as characters suitable for species separation within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5681F988FBFD795A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[996,1131,1564,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5681F988FBFD795A" box="[996,1131,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the present work, characters that are shared by both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5604F9D0FC7E7932" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[865,1000,1604,1629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5604F9D0FC7E7932" box="[865,1000,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and which distinguish this genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D54F0F9F8FDAB79EA" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1838" box="[405,573,1644,1669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D54F0F9F8FDAB79EA" box="[405,573,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Potamonautes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include a subhexagonal carapace outline, the presence of a row of small teeth on the anterolateral margin between the exorbital and epibranchial teeth, 2 or 3 teeth on the outer margin of the carpus of the cheliped, and spines on the margins of the carpi and propodi of pereopods P2–P5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC203443A545DF898FE4A7D19" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In the present study we have made a cautious use of the newly available gonopod characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D5413F8A0FDC07822" authorityName="Cumberlidge & Reed" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Cumberlidge & Reed" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[374,598,1844,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandenbrandeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D5413F8A0FDC07822" box="[374,598,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. vandenbrandeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of the absence of male specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443D51E1F8A0FA977822" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[1156,1281,1844,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443D51E1F8A0FA977822" box="[1156,1281,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C203443A5074F8A0FEFB7E5A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C203443A5074F8A0FEFB7E5A" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">E. spinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A54C2FE88FD437E5A" box="[423,725,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. (E.) b. frontospinulosa.</emphasis>
|
||
As a general rule, certain gonopod characters tend to be invariant at different taxonomic levels. For example, a fourpart first gonopod (consisting of three segments plus a welldeveloped terminal article) is typical of that found in all families of Old World freshwater crabs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A564FFE00FC3F7EC1" author="Bott, R." box="[810,937,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref10536" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A56DFFE00FBBE7EC1" author="Ng, P. K. L." box="[954,1064,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref11455" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1988) The Freshwater Crabs of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Shinglee Press., i - viii, 1 - 156 pp., 4 colour plates." type="book chapter" year="1988">Ng 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Cumberlidge 1999). Gonopod characters that tend to be invariant among congeners include the overall length and shape of the subterminal segments and terminal articles of gonopods 1 and 2. We consider it likely that these characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A57A6FD98FC357D4A" authorityName="Cumberlidge & Reed" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Cumberlidge & Reed" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[707,931,524,549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Potamonautes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandenbrandeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A57A6FD98FC357D4A" box="[707,931,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. vandenbrandeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will likely prove to be similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A541FFDA0FE6A7D22" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[378,508,564,589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A541FFDA0FE6A7D22" box="[378,508,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5777FDA0FD047D21" author="Bott, R." box="[530,658,564,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="209 - 352" refId="ref10486" refString="Bott, R. (1955) Die Susswasserkrabben von Afrika (Crust., Decap.) und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Annales du Musee du Congo belge, (Tervuren, Belgique,) C-Zoologie, (3,3), 3 (1), 209 - 352." type="journal article" year="1955">Bott 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Cumberlidge 1999) when the appropriate specimens become available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC204443A545DFD10FCDD7A29" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A545DFD10FE777DF1" bold="true" box="[312,481,644,670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Relationships</emphasis>
|
||
. A number of characters seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5605FD10FC717DF2" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[864,999,644,669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5605FD10FC717DF2" box="[864,999,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found in species of platythelphusid African freshwater crabs such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A561AFD38FB027DAA" authorityName="A.Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1887" box="[895,1172,684,709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Platythelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A561AFD38FB027DAA" box="[895,1172,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Platythelphusa armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A. Milne Edwards, 1887) from Lake Tanganyika in East Africa (Cumberlidge
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5122FD40FBE87D82" box="[1095,1150,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999). These characters include a subhexagonal carapace outline, a row of small teeth on the anterolateral margin of the carapace between the exorbital and epibranchial teeth, a cheliped whose carpus has 2 or 3 teeth on the outer margin, and a front whose anterior margin projects straight out or is only slightly deflexed. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5638FCE0FC727CE2" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[861,996,884,909]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5638FCE0FC727CE2" box="[861,996,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A542EFC08FE6C7CDA" authorityName="A.Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1887" box="[331,506,924,949]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Platythelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A542EFC08FE6C7CDA" box="[331,506,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Platythelphusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows. The number of segments of the mandibular palp is normally used as a familylevel character for the freshwater crabs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5689FC50FBF37CB1" author="Bott, R." box="[1004,1125,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref10536" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5114FC50FB4C7CB1" author="Ng, P. K. L." box="[1137,1242,964,990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref11455" refString="Ng, P. K. L. (1988) The Freshwater Crabs of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Shinglee Press., i - viii, 1 - 156 pp., 4 colour plates." type="book chapter" year="1988">Ng 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Cumberlidge 1999). In this case, the mandibular palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A56C9FC78FBCA7B6A" authorityName="A.Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1887" box="[940,1116,1004,1029]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Platythelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A56C9FC78FBCA7B6A" box="[940,1116,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Platythelphusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 3segmented, whereas that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A54BCFB80FDF67B42" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[473,608,1044,1069]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A54BCFB80FDF67B42" box="[473,608,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 2segmented. In addition, the following characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A546DFBA8FE2E7B3A" authorityName="A.Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1887" box="[264,440,1084,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Platythelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A546DFBA8FE2E7B3A" box="[264,440,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Platythelphusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are different from those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5798FBA8FC127B3A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[765,900,1084,1109]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5798FBA8FC127B3A" box="[765,900,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the external angles of the front are either marked by sharp spines or by small granules, there is a stout triangular process (which may be produced into a small tooth) beneath the external angles of the front that descends into the orbital hiatus, and the medial end of the suborbital margin is marked by a distinct spine or small tooth (Cumberlidge
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5668FB48FCD57B9A" box="[781,835,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999). In addition, the first gonopod of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A546DFA90FE2E7A72" authorityName="A.Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1887" box="[264,440,1284,1309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Platythelphusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A546DFA90FE2E7A72" box="[264,440,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Platythelphusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tapers to a pointed tip, whereas that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A56E0FA90FB9A7A72" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[901,1036,1284,1309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A56E0FA90FB9A7A72" box="[901,1036,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tubular (although this character has yet to be confirmed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A57DAFAB8FCAD7A2A" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[703,827,1324,1349]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A57DAFAB8FCAD7A2A" box="[703,827,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBE3F2BC204443B545DFAC0FE2B7D21" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,590]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Several workers (A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5751FAC0FCA57A01" author="Milne-Edwards, A." box="[564,819,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="148 - 151" refId="ref11337" refString="Milne-Edwards, A. (1886) La description de quelques Crustac _ s du genre Thelphusa recueillis par M. de Brazza dans les r _ gions du Congo. Bulletin de la Soci _ t _ Philosophique Paris, s _ ries 7 (10), 148 - 151." type="journal article" year="1886">MilneEdwards 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5627FAC0FC5C7A01" author="Balss, H." box="[834,970,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="165 - 204" refId="ref10412" refString="Balss, H. (1936) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Potamidae (Susswasserkrabben) des Kongogebeites. Revue Zoologique et Botanique d'Afrique, 28 (2), 165 - 204." type="journal article" year="1936">Balss 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A56BCFAC0FBC37A01" author="Bott, R." box="[985,1109,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 338" refId="ref10536" refString="Bott, R. (1970) Die Susswasserkrabben von Europa, Asien, Australien und ihre Stammesgeschichte. Eine Revision der Potamoidea und der Parathelphusoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda). Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 526, 1 - 338." type="journal article" year="1970">Bott 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5101FAC0FAB37A01" author="Rodriguez, G." box="[1124,1317,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref12339" refString="Rodriguez, G. (1982) Les crabes d'eau douces d'Amerique. Famille des Pseudothelphusidae. Faune Tropicale 22, ORSTOM, Paris, 1 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1982">Rodriguez 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A546DFAE8FED07AF9" author="Rodriguez, G." box="[264,326,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="51 - 67" refId="ref12368" refString="Rodriguez, G. (1986) Centers of radiation of fresh-water crabs in the neotropics. In: Gore, R. H. & Heck, K. L. (Ed) Biogeography of the Crustacea, Crustacean Issues, 4, 51 - 67." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5436FAE8FDCA7AF9" author="Ng, P. K. L. & Rodriguez, G." box="[339,604,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="636 - 645" refId="ref11863" refString="Ng, P. K. L. & Rodriguez, G. (1995) Freshwater crabs as poor zoological indicators: a critique of Banarescu (1990). Crustaceana, 68 (5), 636 - 645." type="journal article" year="1995">Ng & Rodriguez 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have commented on similarities (such as the subhexagonal/ rounded carapace outline and the bilobed frontal margin) between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A517BFA30FB0D7AD2" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1886" box="[1054,1179,1444,1469]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Parathelphsua" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brazzae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A517BFA30FB0D7AD2" box="[1054,1179,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E. brazzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species of South American river crabs of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5671FA58FC4F7A89" box="[788,985,1484,1510]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A512FFA58FB617A8A" box="[1098,1271,1484,1509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Trichodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A512FFA58FB617A8A" box="[1098,1271,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Trichodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A546DFA60FE367962" authorityName="H.Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1853" box="[264,416,1524,1549]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" genus="Dilocarcinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A546DFA60FE367962" box="[264,416,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dilocarcinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, we consider that such similarities are insufficient to argue for a relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5761F988FD1D795A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[516,651,1564,1589]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5761F988FD1D795A" box="[516,651,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the trichodactylids. Moreover, there are a number of major differences in the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A562BF9D0FC437932" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[846,981,1604,1629]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A562BF9D0FC437932" box="[846,981,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A51B1F9D0FE1679E9" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A54F7F9F8FDC079E9" author="Rodriguez, G." box="[402,598,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref12417" refString="Rodriguez, G. (1992) The freshwater crabs of America. Family Trichodactylidae and supplement to the family Pseudothelphusidae. Faune Tropicale, 31, ORSTOM, Paris, 1 - 189." type="book chapter" year="1992">Rodriguez 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC204443A5700F9F8FC2D79E9" author="Magalhaes, C. & Turkay, M." box="[613,955,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="63 - 95" refId="ref11138" refString="Magalhaes, C. & Turkay, M. (1996 a) Taxonomy of the neotropical freshwater crab family Trichodactylidae I. The generic system with description of some new genera (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Senckenbergiana biologica, 75 (1 / 2), 63 - 95." type="journal article" year="1996">Magalhães & Türkay 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b,c) which strongly discount a close relationship between these taxa. For example, the mandibular palp of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A51E2F900FA9879C2" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[1159,1294,1684,1709]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A51E2F900FA9879C2" box="[1159,1294,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 2segmented, while that of the trichodactylids is 3segmented; the merus of the third maxilliped of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A541BF970FD937992" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[382,517,1764,1789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A541BF970FD937992" box="[382,517,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly rectangular, while that of the trichodactylids is slim and triangular; and the dactyli of P2–P5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C204443A5788F898FCE2784A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[749,884,1804,1829]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C204443A5788F898FCE2784A" box="[749,884,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have rows of stiff corneous spines, while those of the trichodactylids lack spines and are fringed with hairlike setae. In addition, gonopod 1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C205443B5483FE88FDFB7E5A" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityYear="1894" box="[486,621,284,309]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" genus="Erimetopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C205443B5483FE88FDFB7E5A" box="[486,621,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Erimetopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 3segmented with a distinct terminal article, while that of the trichodactylids is 3segmented, and lacks the terminal article. These conclusions are supported by a number of substantial studies that indicate that the trichodactylids belong to a lineage that is independent of any of the other freshwater crab families (including the African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C205443B540EFE28FDBB7EB9" authorityName="Bott" authorityYear="1970" box="[363,557,444,470]" class="Malacostraca" family="Potamonautidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Potamonautidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C205443B57BEFE28FC367EB9" box="[731,928,444,470]" class="Malacostraca" family="Trichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
properly belongs in, or close to, the marine superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0144A8C205443B5749FE70FD2C7E91" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[556,698,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Portunoidea">Portunoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B57A8FE70FC057E91" author="Rodriguez, G." box="[717,915,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref12417" refString="Rodriguez, G. (1992) The freshwater crabs of America. Family Trichodactylidae and supplement to the family Pseudothelphusidae. Faune Tropicale, 31, ORSTOM, Paris, 1 - 189." type="book chapter" year="1992">Rodriguez 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B56C6FE70FB687E91" author="Magalhaes, C. & Turkay, M." box="[931,1278,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="63 - 95" refId="ref11138" refString="Magalhaes, C. & Turkay, M. (1996 a) Taxonomy of the neotropical freshwater crab family Trichodactylidae I. The generic system with description of some new genera (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Senckenbergiana biologica, 75 (1 / 2), 63 - 95." type="journal article" year="1996">Magalhães & Türkay 1996a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b,c;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B546DFD98FE2A7D49" author="Sternberg, R." box="[264,444,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="49 - 62" refId="ref12452" refString="Sternberg, R. v. (1997) Cladistics of the freshwater crab family Trichodactylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda): appraising the reappraisal. Journal of Comparative Biology, 2, 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="1997">Sternberg 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B54ADFD98FD907D49" author="Sternberg, R." box="[456,518,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="93 - 102" refId="ref12489" refString="Sternberg, R. v. (1998) The sister group of the freshwater crab family Trichodactylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Eubrachyura). Journal of Comparative Biology, 3, 93 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B5774FD98FC9E7D49" author="Sternberg, R. & Cumberlidge, N. & Rodriguez, R." box="[529,776,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="19 - 38" refId="ref12616" refString="Sternberg, R. v., Cumberlidge, N. & Rodriguez, R. (1999) On the marine sister groups of the freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 37, 19 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Sternberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B975E339C205443B57EFFD98FD2A7D4A" box="[650,700,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B5671FD98FB107D49" author="Sternberg, R. & Cumberlidge, N." box="[788,1158,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 39" refId="ref12526" refString="Sternberg, R. v. & Cumberlidge, N. (2001) Notes on the position of the true freshwater crabs within the Brachyrhynchan Eubrachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Hydrobiologica, 449 (1 / - 3), 21 - 39." type="journal article" year="2001">Sternberg & Cumberlidge 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B51F4FD98FB597D49" author="Sternberg, R. & Cumberlidge, N." box="[1169,1231,524,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="23 - 28" refId="ref12575" refString="Sternberg, R. v. & Cumberlidge, N. (2003) Autapomorphies of the endophragmal system in trichodactylid freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Eubrachyura). Journal of Morphology, 256: 23 - 28." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9042DAC205443B51BEFD98FE277D21" author="Martin, J. W. & Davis, G. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref11296" refString="Martin, J. W. & Davis, G. E. (2001) An updated classification of the recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 39, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="2001">Martin & Davis 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |