364 lines
35 KiB
XML
364 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784525" ID-ZooBank="915148C7-872B-4434-8E8B-F326EC568362" checkinTime="1680165208046" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brock, Paul D. & Hennemann, Frank H." docDate="2023" docId="0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xeroderus kirbyi Gray 1835" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="448" masterDocId="FFAAFFF2FFE49B520602FFDC5D12FF8B" masterDocTitle="A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus" masterLastPageNumber="454" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="446" updateTime="1680204935416" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Brock, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hennemann, Frank H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>443</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7784525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">915148C7-872B-4434-8E8B-F326EC568362</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<subSubSection box="[151,426,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,426,151,249]" box="[151,426,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,426,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5CCY3" ID-ENA="1485267" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,426,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,426,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,354,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Xeroderus kirbyi</emphasis>
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Gray
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,393,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,426,151,249]" box="[151,393,187,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">[Kirby’s Stick-insect]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,330,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,426,151,249]" box="[151,330,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,267,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1634,1658]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1428,448,1607]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1425,465,1894]" captionTargetId-0="figure-75@1.[151,1436,448,1611]" captionTargetId-1="figure-90@3.[151,1436,453,1894]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1: Xeroderus kirbyi Gray, 1835. A. ♀ Queensland, 14 km S. of Bundaberg, 1.ii.1971, H. Frauca, on trunk of Eucalyptus citriodora dorsal view [ANIC], photo by PDB; B. Head & thorax of ♀ Queensland, Garradunga, J. Hasenpusch, dorsal view [O. Conle collection] photo by Oskar Conle; C. End of abdomen of lectotype ♀, lateral view [OUMNH], photo by PDB, Phasmida Species File; D. End of abdomen of same specimen, ventral view [OUMNH], photo by PDB; E. F. Eggs from Queensland, Garradunga, photo by Jack Hasenpusch; G. Eggs from Queensland, Herberton, photo by Ethan Beaver. Captions for figures (PDB = Paul D. Brock, FHH = Frank H. Hennemann)" captionText-1="FIGURE 2: Xeroderus kirbyi Gray, 1835. A. ♁ Queensland, Garradunga, in dorsal view [F. Hennemann coll. No. 0839-2]; B. C. D. End of abdomen of same ♁ lateral, dorsal and ventral views; E. F. G. Head & thorax of same ♁ lateral, dorsal and ventral views. All photos by FHH." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784529" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784534" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7784529/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7784534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[279,322,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1470,1494]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,597,1880]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1446]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId-0="figure-212@6.[151,1436,597,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1446]" captionTargetId-2="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4: Distribution map of Xeroderus species." captionText-1="FIGURE 5: Queensland, Golden Hole, Biggs Recreation area, Bartle Frere. Riverine lowland tropical rainforest habitat of Xeroderus kirbyi, photos by Ross Coupland." captionText-2="FIGURE 6: A. B. Live specimens of Xeroderus kirbyi in nature, showing superbly camouflaged female and male, photos by Ross Coupland; C. on boulder, photo by Sophie Kalkowski-Pope." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784542" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784544" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784551" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7784542/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7784544/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7784551/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">4–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,795,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,295,430]" box="[151,795,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,795,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<treatmentCitation author="Gray G. R." box="[151,497,295,322]" page="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" year="1835">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8QQYB" authority="Gray, 1835: 32" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,497,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbii">
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<emphasis box="[151,332,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Xeroderus kirbii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray G. R." box="[336,497,295,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refId="ref5360" refString="Gray G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the Species of Insects Belonging to the Family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, London, 48 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8697" type="book" year="1835">Gray, 1835: 32</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[530,784,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
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<emphasis box="[530,715,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Xeroderus kirbyi</emphasis>
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Gray
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</taxonomicName>
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||
].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,295,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="OUMNH" collectorName="Here" country="Australia" location="AUSTRALIA" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[799,917,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<typeStatus box="[799,917,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount box="[921,942,296,322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[952,1109,295,321]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
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[
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<collectionCode box="[1119,1231,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">OUMNH</collectionCode>
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] (
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<collectorName box="[1249,1305,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Here</collectorName>
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designated, in order to fix the status of this species);
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation box="[612,777,331,357]" collectionCode="OUMNH" collectorName="Here" country="Australia" location="AUSTRALIA" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[612,777,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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<typeStatus box="[612,777,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</materialsCitation>
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♁,
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||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="OUMNH, MVMA" collectorName="D. Hope'" country="Australia" location="AUSTRALIA" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" specimenCode="T13885" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
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||
<collectingCountry box="[818,975,331,357]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
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||
[
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||
<collectionCode box="[989,1104,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">OUMNH</collectionCode>
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||
]. (
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1131,1258,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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||
<collectorName box="[1131,1254,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Comment</collectorName>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectorName box="[1266,1322,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Gray</collectorName>
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described the species from both sexes ‘in coll.
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<collectorName box="[557,663,367,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">D. Hope’</collectorName>
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, so a ♁ from AUSTRALIA [
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<collectionCode box="[981,1077,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">MVMA</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCode box="[1087,1177,367,394]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T13885</specimenCode>
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] may not represent one of the original syntypes and should now be regarded as a doubtful paralectotype)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784534" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784534/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" startId="3.[151,250,1918,1942]" targetBox="[151,1425,465,1894]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,1918,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,278,1918,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">FIGURE 2:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1835" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1835" box="[284,578,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
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<emphasis box="[284,455,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">Xeroderus kirbyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray G. R." box="[462,578,1918,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" refId="ref5360" refString="Gray G. R. (1835) Synopsis of the Species of Insects Belonging to the Family of Phasmidae. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green and Longman, London, 48 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8697" type="book" year="1835">Gray, 1835</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[587,612,1918,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">A.</emphasis>
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♁ Queensland, Garradunga, in dorsal view [F. Hennemann coll. No. 0839-2];
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">B. C. D.</emphasis>
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End of abdomen of same ♁ lateral, dorsal and ventral views;
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[828,909,1954,1978]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">E. F. G.</emphasis>
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Head & thorax of same ♁ lateral, dorsal and ventral views. All photos by FHH.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,150,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<treatmentCitation author="Westwood, J. O." box="[199,633,150,177]" page="102" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="1859">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8QQYB" authority="Westwood, 1859: 102" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="102" authorityYear="1859" box="[199,633,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbii">
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<emphasis box="[199,382,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Xeroderus kirbii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Westwood, J. O." box="[388,633,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" refId="ref5911" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1859) Catalogue of the Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. British Museum, London, 196 pp." type="book" year="1859">Westwood, 1859: 102</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 31: 6-7 (First illustrations of both sexes);
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<treatmentCitation author="Kirby, W. F." box="[1141,1333,151,177]" page="383" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirby, W. F." box="[1141,1333,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" refId="ref5541" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae). The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 501 pp." type="book" year="1904">Kirby, 1904: 383</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Vickery, V. R." page="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="1983">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Vickery, V. R." pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref5823" refString="Vickery, V. R. (1983) Catalogue of Australian Stick Insects (Phasmida, Phasmatodea, Phasmatoptera, or Cheleutoptera). CSIRO Australia Division of Entomology Technical Paper, 20, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">Vickery, 1983: 11</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation author="Balderson, J. & Rentz, D. C. F. & Roach, A. M. E." box="[267,705,187,213]" page="376" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation author="Balderson, J. & Rentz, D. C. F. & Roach, A. M. E." box="[267,705,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="451 - 456" refId="ref4643" refString="Balderson, J., Rentz, D. C. F. & Roach, A. M. E. (1998) Phasmatodea. In: Houston W. W. K. & Wells A. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol 23. Archaeognatha, Zygentoma, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. pp. 347 - 376, 451 - 456." type="journal article" year="1998">Balderson, Rentz & Roach, 1998: 376</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation author="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D." box="[718,1026,186,213]" page="342" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation author="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D." box="[718,1026,186,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" refId="ref5589" refString="Otte, D. & Brock, P. D. (2005) Phasmida Species File. Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects of the world. The Insect Diversity Association at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 414 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte and Brock, 2005: 342</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
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<treatmentCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[1039,1431,187,213]" page="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[1039,1431,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" refId="ref4903" refString="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. (2009 a) The complete field guide to stick and leaf insects of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 204 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643097087" type="book" year="2009">Brock and Hasenpusch, 2009a: 18</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 37, 145;
|
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<treatmentCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[252,630,223,249]" page="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[252,630,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref4950" refString="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. (2009 b) Notes on Kirby's Stick-insect; the master of camouflage? Butterfly & Other Invertebrates Club Inc. Newsletter, 53, 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="2009">Brock and Hasenpusch, 2009b: 8</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Velona, A. & Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. & Mantovani, B." box="[644,919,222,249]" page="458" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" year="2015">
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<bibRefCitation author="Velona, A. & Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. & Mantovani, B." box="[644,919,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="455 - 466" refId="ref5756" refString="Velona, A., Brock, P. D., Hasenpusch, J. W. & Mantovani, B. (2015) Cryptic diversity in Australian stick insects (Insecta; Phasmida) uncovered by the DNA barcoding approach. Zootaxa, 3957 (4), 455 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3957.4.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Velonà
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,787,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015: 458
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[932,941,222,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">(</emphasis>
|
||
Additional checklist and other references in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. & Baker, E." box="[151,358,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" refId="ref4802" refString="Brock, P. D., Buscher, T. & Baker, E. (2023) Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Phasmida. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 1 January 2023)" type="url" year="2023">
|
||
Brock
|
||
<emphasis box="[227,283,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784538/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" startId="4.[151,250,1917,1941]" targetBox="[173,1434,314,1890]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1917,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,277,1917,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">FIGURE 3:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Brock & Hennemann, 2023" authorityName="Brock & Hennemann" authorityYear="2023" box="[284,457,1917,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conlei" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[284,457,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Xeroderus conlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[463,551,1917,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[463,520,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♀ holotype, dorsal view [MNHU];
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[916,939,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">B.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1085,1109,1917,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">C.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1273,1918,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Head & thorax, in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[308,390,1953,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">E. F. G.</emphasis>
|
||
End of abdomen lateral, dorsal and ventral views. All photos by Oskar Conle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Gray, G. R." box="[199,580,151,177]" page="144" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" year="1837">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="5CCY3" authority="Gray, 1837: 144" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1837" box="[199,580,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,389,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Xeroderus kirbyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, G. R." box="[396,580,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" pagination="141 - 145" refId="ref5412" refString="Gray, G. R. (1837) Description of some singularly formed Orthopterous insects. Charlesworth's Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology, 1 (1), 141 - 145." type="journal article" year="1837">Gray, 1837: 144</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(Justified emendation of the original incorrect spelling. Most authors were unaware of this paper until 2017, hence the species has been listed as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1859" box="[917,978,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Xeroderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirbii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[917,978,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">kirbii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by many authors up to 2017, when it was used and reported in the Phasmida Species File,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. & Baker, E." box="[703,913,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" refId="ref4802" refString="Brock, P. D., Buscher, T. & Baker, E. (2023) Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Phasmida. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 1 January 2023)" type="url" year="2023">
|
||
Brock
|
||
<emphasis box="[780,837,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[934,1219,223,249]" page="308" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Redtenbacher, J." box="[934,1219,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" refId="ref5635" refString="Redtenbacher, J. (1908) Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden III. (Brunner von Wattenwyl, K. and Redtenbacher, J. (1906 - 1908 )). W. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 339 - 589, pls. 16 - 27." type="book" year="1908">Redtenbacher, 1908: 308</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. H." page="561" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="448" refId="ref4764" refString="Brock, P. D. & Buscher, T. H. (2022) Stick and leaf-insects of the world. Phasmids. N. A. P. Editions, Verrieres-le-Buisson, 612 pp." type="book" year="2022">Brock & Büscher, 2022: 561</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<treatmentCitation author="Sjostedt, Y." box="[199,619,295,321]" page="44" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" year="1918">
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="Y2QV" authority="Sjostedt, 1918: 44" authorityName="Sjostedt" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1918" box="[199,619,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phasmatidae" genus="Cooktownia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phasmida" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,406,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Cooktownia plana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sjostedt, Y." box="[412,619,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref5684" refString="Sjostedt, Y. (1918) Results of Dr E. Mjoberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910 - 1913. 17. Mantidae and Phasmidae. Arkiv for Zoologi, 11 (19), 1 - 61, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1918">Sjöstedt, 1918: 44</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 7: 2-3.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[748,866,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[748,866,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♁ nymph,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[992,1155,295,321]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1166,1301,295,321]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1313,1433,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Cooktown</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, ix.[NHRS] (
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE:8EE56047FFE19B570720FE975C48FEEE" box="[290,346,331,357]" country="Australia" municipality="Cooktown" name="Here" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" stateProvince="Queensland">Here</location>
|
||
designated in order to fix the status of this species, by selecting the only specimen with data);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,327,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[151,327,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
♁,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[369,390,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
nymphs,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[498,655,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">AUSTRALIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
[NHRS] (
|
||
<collectorName box="[770,924,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Synonymised</collectorName>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName box="[966,1034,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Brock</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName box="[1070,1208,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Hasenpusch</collectorName>
|
||
, 2007: 75).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,492,402,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Habitat and foodplants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[502,619,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest, coastal and inland feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1068,1243,403,429]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1186,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Melaleuca</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Backhousia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1306,1437,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Backhousia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[214,339,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Whilst likely in wet areas classed as tropical rainforest edges or rocky, rainforest-lined creeks, they are sometimes in dry forest, for example a moulting female in Davies Creek NP, north
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1204,1336,475,501]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
by Ross Coupland,
|
||
<date box="[274,397,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2017-11-30">30.xi.2017</date>
|
||
. At Babinda falls, near Innisfail, a superbly camouflaged example was found resembling the mossy boulders it was found on (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[537,626,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6: A. B. Live specimens of Xeroderus kirbyi in nature, showing superbly camouflaged female and male, photos by Ross Coupland; C. on boulder, photo by Sophie Kalkowski-Pope." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784551/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (by Sophie Kalkowksi-Pope, via Ross Coupland, who found an even better camouflaged male and female in nearby Golden Hole, Biggs Recreation area, Bartle Frere on
|
||
<date pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2023-01-25">25 January 2023</date>
|
||
, on a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[373,581,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Alphitonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,581,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Alphitonia excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the afternoon) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[791,907,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-28@8.[151,1436,181,1898]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6: A. B. Live specimens of Xeroderus kirbyi in nature, showing superbly camouflaged female and male, photos by Ross Coupland; C. on boulder, photo by Sophie Kalkowski-Pope." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784551/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Fig. 6A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The habit of resting on tree trunks to blend in with their surroundings, does not appear to always indicate these are foodplants, as adults may fly and hide away from foodplants. This species may be difficult to rear as nymphs tend to wander until they die in captivity. When kept on a potted unsleeved tree, they feed well and rest on the bark during the day (Jack Hasenpusch, pers. comm.
|
||
<date box="[151,291,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2021-03">March 2021</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,289,798,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Season.</emphasis>
|
||
It has been noted as adults so far at least between September and March, nymphs in June to November.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,442,870,896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[359,427,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-212@6.[151,1436,597,1880]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4: Distribution map of Xeroderus species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[553,690,871,897]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Rockhampton to north of Cooktown (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[1109,1432,871,897]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref4950" refString="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. (2009 b) Notes on Kirby's Stick-insect; the master of camouflage? Butterfly & Other Invertebrates Club Inc. Newsletter, 53, 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="2009">Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ALA), with males occasionally attracted to lights run by David Rentz in Kuranda. In SE
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1182,1317,907,933]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, examples include Coolum, Fraser Island, Gin Gin and Noosa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W." box="[721,1044,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" pagination="8 - 9" refId="ref4950" refString="Brock, P. D. & Hasenpusch, J. W. (2009 b) Notes on Kirby's Stick-insect; the master of camouflage? Butterfly & Other Invertebrates Club Inc. Newsletter, 53, 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="2009">Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ALA references include Brisbane, Mount Mellum and Talegalla Weir (on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[605,888,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Lophostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suaveolens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,888,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Lophostemon suaveolens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[905,1027,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) bark, another probable foodplant); Scott W. Gavins,
|
||
<date box="[347,463,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2019-02-11">11.ii.2019</date>
|
||
. A photograph said to be taken in The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[896,1104,1015,1041]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S of Alice Springs, i.
|
||
<date box="[1346,1436,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2014-03">iii.2014</date>
|
||
needs following up, also occurs in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[541,743,1051,1077]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
, with an ALA record near Urliup on i.
|
||
<date box="[1167,1243,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" value="2023-01">i.2023</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |