185 lines
19 KiB
XML
185 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4036f4e7-9738-41d4-889f-e6aa76c9d1a4" ID-PMC="PMC3837405" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-349-11" ID-PubMed="24294078" ID-ZBK="29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-349-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 349" ModsDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" checkinTime="1451246692609" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wharton, Robert & Norrbom, Allen L." docDate="2013" docId="1097F29E88D36328D03D40CF133CF8A2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 349: 11-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 349" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914" docTitle="Doryctobracon anneae Wharton, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E1E55966-B577-4071-8059-809CB4F6FDA0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFB3FFD3CA3C142FFFB1FFC3A91E5A54" masterDocTitle="New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1668156823863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species and host records of New World, mostly Neotropical, opiine Braconidae (Hymenoptera) reared from flower-infesting, stem-galling, and stem-mining Tephritidae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wharton, Robert</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>349</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>11</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.349.5914</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-349-11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">29B17DCB5CF1483B85430368D36B86F3</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049490" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1E55966-B577-4071-8059-809CB4F6FDA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1097F29E88D36328D03D40CF133CF8A2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E1E55966-B577-4071-8059-809CB4F6FDA0" authority="Wharton" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon anneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneae">Doryctobracon anneae Wharton</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="20">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 11-16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Mexico, Morelos, Lago de Zempoala.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Holotype. Female (UNAM), first label, first line: MEXICO: Morelos second line: Lago de Zempoala third line: 23-25.ix.1991 fourth line: A. L. Norrbom, #57 Second label, first line: reared ex. capitulae second line:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dahlia imperialis" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imperialis">Dahlia imperialis</taxonomicName>
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third line: Roezl. (91M16) Third label, first line: reared ex puparium second line:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Gymnocarena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnocarena mexicana" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Gymnocarena mexicana</taxonomicName>
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third line: (
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<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Paratypes: 3 males, 8 females, same data as holotype (USNM, TAMU). 1 male, 3 females, same data as holotype but reared ex. capitulae
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dahlia merckii" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="merckii">Dahlia merckii</taxonomicName>
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Lehm. (91M12A) (USNM, TAMU). 2 males, 5 females, 1 sex unknown (partly emerged from puparium), Morelos, Km 9-10 between Huitzilac and Lago de Zempoala, hollow on right, 22.ix.1991, A. Norrbom, reared ex capitulae
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dahlia merckii" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="merckii">Dahlia merckii</taxonomicName>
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(91M12), reared ex puparium
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Gymnocarena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnocarena mexicana" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Gymnocarena mexicana</taxonomicName>
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(USNM, TAMU). 3 males, 3 females, Michoacan, 2-4 km N. Angangueo, 4-5.ix.1991, A. L. Norrbom, reared ex. capitulae
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dahlia imperialis" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imperialis">Dahlia imperialis</taxonomicName>
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(91M16B), reared ex. puparium
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Gymnocarena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnocarena mexicana" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Gymnocarena mexicana</taxonomicName>
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(USNM, TAMU, UNAM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="9" pageNumber="20">
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Eyes in dorsal view not or only slightly bulging beyond temples, temples not receding. Eye in lateral view 1.55-1.75 (male) and 1.7-1.9 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than temple. Malar space large, greater than basal width of mandible, 0.45-0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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eye height. Clypeus sinuate, distinctly protruding as a lobe medially on ventral margin. Antenna with 41-47 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 0.8-0.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of second, 1.5-1.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide; second flagellomere 1.75-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. Mesosoma 1.3-1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than high, 1.35-1.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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higher than wide, 1.8-1.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. Pronotum dorsally a broad, flat plate with weakly crenulate, shallow transverse groove near posterior margin, usually with small dimple-like depression dorsal-medially within groove; pronotum laterally with shallow, sinuate vertical groove, carinately margined on anterior side over dorsal 0.25; roughly elliptical area near middle of posterior-ventral margin delineated by very weakly crenulate groove. Notaulus virtually
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="21" start="start">absent</pageBreakToken>
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, represented primarily by a band of setae extending from anterior-lateral margin of mesoscutum to broad, shallow, median depression at posterior margin. Propodeum densely setose and punctate, with a pair of broadly rounded carinae extending anteriorly from median boss at posterior margin, carinae never extending to anterior margin, usually reaching midpoint; pleural carina often absent, sometimes weakly indicated on posterior 0.4-0.5. Metapleuron densely setose and punctate. Fore wing 2RS 1.3-1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than 3RSa. T1 1.05-1.1 (male) and 1.15-1.3 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than apical width, apex 1.9-2.3 (male) and 2.25-2.4 (female)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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wider than base; T1 dorsal carinae parallel-sided, usually extending to level of spiracle as distinctly elevated ridges, then gradually weakening, not reaching posterior margin; spiracle posteriorad midpoint. Ovipositor 3.1-3.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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and ovipositor sheath 2.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than mesosoma; ovipositor without subapical dorsal node. Head black; antenna, legs, ventral 0.6-0.4 of mesosoma, tegula, extreme base of T1 and ovipositor sheath dark brown, palps brown;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="22" start="start">mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
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dorsally usually (90%) and metasoma entirely yellow-orange. Body length 3.8-6.0 mm; wing length 4.2-6.6 mm; mesosoma length 1.4-2.25 mm, with smallest male considerably smaller than smallest female.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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This species is easily separated from the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opius</taxonomicName>
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s.l. treated below by the short second submarginal cell, with 3RSa much shorter than 2RS, and from all but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Opius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opius taramegillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taramegillae">Opius taramegillae</taxonomicName>
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by the complete absence of an occipital carina. The virtually absent notaulus separates
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon anneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneae">Doryctobracon anneae</taxonomicName>
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from nearly all other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Doryctobracon</taxonomicName>
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. The notaulus is also relatively poorly developed in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon homosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="homosoma">Doryctobracon homosoma</taxonomicName>
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(Fischer), but the latter has an orange head and a bright yellow spot around the stigma on the otherwise infumate fore wing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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All available specimens were reared from the tephritid
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Gymnocarena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnocarena mexicana" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">Gymnocarena mexicana</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aczél">Aczel</normalizedToken>
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) infesting flower heads of the asteraceans
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dahlia imperalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperalis">Dahlia imperalis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dahlia merkii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merkii">Dahlia merkii</taxonomicName>
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Lehm. Most of the host puparia from which the wasps emerged are stored in gelatin capsules on four separate pins. A few are associated with the individual wasps that produced them. Host records are detailed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Norrbom, AL" editor="Merz, B" journalOrPublisher="Instrumentas Biodiversitatis" pageId="54" pageNumber="65" pagination="217 - 226" title="New species and host records for Gymnocarena (Diptera, Tephritidae)." volume="7" volumeTitle="Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biology of tephritoid flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea). Proceedings of the " 3 rd Tephritoid Taxonomist's Meeting ", Geneva, 19 - 24 July 2004." year="2006">Norrbom (2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 223). Data on a few of the labels indicated that at least some of the parasitoids emerged from their hosts one year after the flower heads were collected. Flies in all four samples were heavily attacked by this opiine, with parasitism rates of 85.7, 80.0, 87.5, and 66.7% for collections 91M16, 91M12A, 91M12, and 91M16B, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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The apex of the ovipositor is narrower in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon anneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneae">Doryctobracon anneae</taxonomicName>
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relative to species such as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon crawfordi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">Doryctobracon crawfordi</taxonomicName>
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, which may indicate an earlier host stage attacked but may also be a reflection of the differences in host habitat (fruit vs flower head).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">This species is named after Anne Wharton, deceased, wife of the senior author.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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This new species differs substantially from the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Doryctobracon</taxonomicName>
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known as parasitoids of fruit-infesting
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<taxonomicName family="Tephritidae" lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Tephritidae</taxonomicName>
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by the near absence of notauli. Nevertheless, the wing venation and shape of the head and clypeus clearly place this species within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Doryctobracon</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon anneae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anneae">Doryctobracon anneae</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Doryctobracon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doryctobracon crawfordi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crawfordi">Doryctobracon crawfordi</taxonomicName>
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species group characterized by the propodeal sculpture reduced to a pair of median carinae emanating from the posterior margin of the propodeum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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There is variation in the color pattern among the specimens available for study and although they were reared from two different host plants, specimens from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dahlia imperialis" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imperialis">Dahlia imperialis</taxonomicName>
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exhibited the maximum extent of variation. Ten percent of the specimens, representing two males and one female, all reared from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dahlia imperalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperalis">Dahlia imperalis</taxonomicName>
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, have a dark mesoscutum while all others are completely pale. Two specimens, also from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Dahlia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dahlia imperalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperalis">Dahlia imperalis</taxonomicName>
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, have the mesosoma ventrally much less extensively dark, with the tegula only partially brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |