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<document id="A541C895CE7E20F1F499440E928568EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="8118" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2010n1a2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4cecd899-5900-4411-8446-0d9552b1b098" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520753" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612808309234" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain &amp; Vercambre, Bernard" docDate="2010" docId="901F8794FF877475FD7BFB83FCF9FBA2" docLanguage="fr" docName="Zoosystema.32.1.19-72.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 32 (1)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2010n1a2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD.3:Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleId="E638A3C99FA728B529662B46F84D75FD" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2009-2010.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hoplochelus betanimena" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="6C26FFECFF947461FFB5FFEDFF94FFE8" masterDocTitle="Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1698928337295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0F853E23F420832DD2CDA5437BD92F2A">Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E393ABBFEE1BC297A2A0DE348276188">Randriamanantsoa, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B43A0A49F8F213DBB45EB8A76EB1026F">Fofifa - URP Scrid, 110 Antsirabe (Madagascar) r _ randriamanantsoa @ yahoo. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="901EDDEEC64A0A72B678A318C7A019A4">Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C83022148B8B6E880D151AB1476648F6">Cirad Bios, UMR CBGP (INRA / IRD / Cirad / Montpellier SupAgro), Campus international de Baillarguet, Ta A- 55 / L, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) henri-pierre. aberlenc @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6BCF32D483DFF9B5E9E52FA2831AA918">Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="32D89F0EE0B45E40484778956CCC48BD">Département dEntomologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université dAntananarivo, Antananarivo 101 (Madagascar)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0C2DAC896FF4B10E9D5334604F7076A8">Ratnadass, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="29B75940855C25B9630A6A6E407CBD0E">Cirad, UPR HortSys - ICRISAT BP 12404, Niamey (Niger) a. ratnadass @ cgiar. org</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5BB576F7E115714A963FE621B99DD3E2">Vercambre, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="13DAB2AD4B17897806D0933F498B7021">Cirad, UPR Systèmes de Cultures annuels, avenue Agropolis, F- 34398 Montpellier cedex 5 (France) bernard. vercambre @ cirad. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="C662F797AD91A7E242D3114FDCDBD38C">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="901F8794FF877475FD7BFB83FCF9FBA2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520725" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177425633" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4520725" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:901F8794FF877475FD7BFB83FCF9FBA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/901F8794FF877475FD7BFB83FCF9FBA2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF877472FD7BFB83FCE1FAEE" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD7BFB83FB04FB62" blockId="19.[718,1168,1134,1225]" box="[718,1168,1134,1162]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF877472FD7BFB83FB04FB62" authority="(Kunckel, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Kunckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[718,1168,1134,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Hoplochelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betanimena">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF877472FD7BFB83FC43FB61" bold="true" box="[718,983,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Hoplochelus betanimena</emphasis>
(Künckel, 1887)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD42FB63FBACFB21" blockId="19.[718,1168,1134,1225]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FD4BFB63FCC2FB41" box="[766,854,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Figs 2N</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FCD2FB63FC12FB41" box="[871,902,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[118,1198,220,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[118,1207,220,1565]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 5. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, sp. M2; C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); F, sp.M3; G, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); H, sp. S1; I, sp. S2. Échelles: A, B, F-I, 0,5 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520765/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">5E</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FC22FB63FC2DFB41" box="[919,953,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[134,1187,219,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[131,1191,216,1588]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 9.— Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); B, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); C, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); D, sp. M3; E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F, sp. S1; G, sp. S2. Échelles: D, 0,5 mm; E-G, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520777/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">9C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FC7FFB63FC68FB41" box="[970,1020,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de larticle apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">12D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FBBBFB63FBB1FB41" box="[1038,1061,1166,1193]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[135,1177,220,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-21@42.[136,1178,214,1549]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 15. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, mandibule: A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, gauche, face dorsale; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z1, gauche, face ventrale; C, G, K, O, S, W, Z2, droite,face dorsale; D, H, L, P, T, X, Z3, droite,face ventrale; A-D, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); E-H, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); I-L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); M-P, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); Q-T, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); U-X, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); Y-Z3, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887). Échelles: A-D, M-P, 1 mm; E-H, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520799/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">15</figureCitation>
Y-Z
<subScript id="843234C7FF877472FBE7FB76FBC8FB44" attach="left" box="[1106,1116,1179,1196]" fontSize="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">3</subScript>
; 17G; 20E; 22U-W; 23I)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD10FB00FCE1FAEE" blockId="19.[675,1211,1261,1605]" box="[677,885,1261,1288]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">MATÉRIEL EXAMINÉ</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50AC6509FF877475FD10FAE0FCF9FBA2" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD10FAE0FC92F9AD" blockId="19.[675,1211,1261,1605]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
Larves provenant de Bevalala et dIvato (dans des parcelles de
<taxonomicName id="DFB64D01FF877472FC99FAC0FB8EFAAE" box="[812,1050,1325,1350]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpureum">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF877472FC99FAC0FB8EFAAE" box="[812,1050,1325,1350]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Pennisetum purpureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) et de Manjakandriana (dans une jachère envahie par diverses Graminées, dans une zone de riziculture). Fréquemment trouvée en milieu humide en bas de pente (près de marais, en bordure de rivière).
<typeStatus id="C70D8820FF877472FBEEFA46FB0DFA2E" box="[1115,1177,1451,1478]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Types</typeStatus>
de sol: alluvionnaire, argileux, de couleur noire, riche en matière organique. Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa (
<specimenCount id="0EB0FD0BFF877472FC24F9E7FC4EF9CD" box="[913,986,1546,1573]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="larva">1 larve</specimenCount>
) et du Cirad-CBGP (
<specimenCount id="0EB0FD0BFF877472FD1AF9C7FD6EF9AD" box="[687,762,1578,1605]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38" type="larva">1 larve</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD10F984FCA1F96A" blockId="19.[677,1004,1641,1700]" box="[677,821,1641,1668]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF877472FD10F964FC78F94C" blockId="19.[677,1004,1641,1700]" box="[677,1004,1673,1700]" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">
De couleur blanche (
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF877472FC33F964FC4BF94C" box="[902,991,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="29.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[152,1172,222,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[148,709,692,1169]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIG. 2. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, habitus: A, Bricoptis variolosa (Gory &amp; Percheron, 1833); B, Celidota parvula (Janson, 1881); C, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); D, Euryomia argentea (Olivier, 1789); E, Heteronychus arator rugifrons (Fairmaire, 1871); F, Heteronychus bituberculatus (Kolbe, 1900); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried,1892); K, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); M, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); N, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); O, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A-I, K, L, N, 5 mm; J, O, 2 mm; M, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520757/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="38">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FF35FF0FFF1A" blockId="20.[112,646,216,370]" box="[113,155,216,242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FF35FF0FFF1A" box="[113,155,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Tête</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FF15FD87FE9A" blockId="20.[112,646,216,370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Couleur jaunâtre. Épicrâne avec, symétriquement, 1 courte soie dorso-épicraniale et 3 soies latéroexternes. Clypéus avec 1 soie clypéale externe et 2 soies clypéales antérieures symétriques.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FE7BFDC7FDA7" blockId="20.[111,648,406,591]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FE7BFF7CFE58" bold="true" box="[113,232,406,432]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Antennes.</emphasis>
Longueurs respectives des articles: I = 1,66; II = III = 2,06; IV = 1. Dernier article antennaire avec 4 plages sensorielles: 2 ventrales, 1 petite aire apicale ronde et 1 dorsale, larticle I portant 3 soies et larticle II portant 1 soie. Avant-dernier article avec une saillie ventrale apico-latérale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FD99FE9BFC84" blockId="20.[113,649,628,876]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FD99FF23FD66" bold="true" box="[113,183,628,654]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Labre.</emphasis>
Transverse, subsymétrique. Zone médiane du bord antérieur en pointe émoussée, avec 2 + 2 soies externes et 4 soies internes rapprochées. 3 soies latéro-antérieures externes et 2 + 1 soies latéro-antérieures internes. 1 soie latérale. Soies de lacanthoparia bien visibles latéralement, de laire latéro-antérieure à laire latéro-postérieure. 2 soies labro-internes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FC7CFE94FB41" blockId="20.[112,649,913,1193]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FC7CFF66FC44" bold="true" box="[113,242,913,940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Épipharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FEB4FC7CFEC3FC44" box="[257,343,913,940]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[134,1187,219,1587]" captionTargetId="figure-21@36.[131,1191,216,1588]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 9.— Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar,épipharynx: A, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); B, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); C, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); D, sp. M3; E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F, sp. S1; G, sp. S2. Échelles: D, 0,5 mm; E-G, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520777/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). Haptomère constitué de 2 rangées de 7 et 6 fortes épines coniques sclérifiées implantées sur un relief saillant. Acanthoparia avec 13 à 15 soies lamelliformes incurvées vers lavant. Proplegmatum absent. Plegmatum développé, sa plus grande largeur au milieu. Chaetoparia presque symétriques, à soies convergeant vers laire pédiale qui est glabre, plus fines et plus courtes à la périphérie.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FB20FE75FA4F" blockId="20.[111,647,1229,1447]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FB20FF60FB0F" bold="true" box="[113,244,1229,1255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Mandibules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FEB7FB23FEDCFB01" box="[258,328,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="42.[113,124,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[135,1177,220,1549]" captionTargetId="figure-21@42.[136,1178,214,1549]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIG. 15. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, mandibule: A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, gauche, face dorsale; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z1, gauche, face ventrale; C, G, K, O, S, W, Z2, droite,face dorsale; D, H, L, P, T, X, Z3, droite,face ventrale; A-D, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); E-H, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); I-L, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); M-P, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); Q-T, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); U-X, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); Y-Z3, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887). Échelles: A-D, M-P, 1 mm; E-H, 0,5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520799/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
Y-Z
<subScript id="843234C7FF807475FEC3FB36FE14FB04" attach="left" box="[374,384,1243,1260]" fontSize="7" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">3</subScript>
). Pas daire stridulatoire. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule gauche allongée, avec 3 dents très émoussées, lapicale bien développée, les deux autres arrondies, peu distinctes. Aire scissoriale de la mandibule droite allongée, avec deux dents émoussées, lapicale développée et la seconde très effacée. 5 à 6 soies latéro-externes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FFC4FA26FCC3FEFA" blockId="20.[111,648,1483,1700]" lastBlockId="20.[677,1209,216,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FFC4FA26FF5AFA0D" bold="true" box="[113,206,1483,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Maxilles</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FF6BFA26FED7FA0E" box="[222,323,1483,1510]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[113,124,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetId="figure-21@44.[117,1206,214,1559]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 17. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, maxille, face dorsale: A, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire, 1871); B, Paramorphochelus cornutus (Nonfried, 1892); C, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); D, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); E, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); F, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); G, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); H, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: A, 0,5 mm; B, 0,1 mm; D, H, 0,2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520807/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 17G</figureCitation>
). Galea et lacinia soudées à la base et séparées à lapex.Lacinia à uncus avec 3 fortes dents sclérifiées et 4 soies épineuses sclérifiées.Galea à uncus sclérifié avec 6 très fortes et courtes soies épineuses sclérifiées sur la face inférieure et 6 fortes soies sclérifiées de lapex à la face supérieure. Sur la face dorsale, aire stridulatoire avec 15 à 16 dents séparées, pointues, inclinées vers lapex comme les dents dune scie.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FEDAFBC6FE39" blockId="20.[675,1211,311,465]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD10FEDAFCD3FEB9" bold="true" box="[677,839,311,337]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FCECFEDAFC53FEBA" box="[857,967,311,338]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="39.[113,124,1567,1584]" captionTargetBox="[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetId="figure-14@39.[118,1207,216,1486]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIG. 12. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar: A-E, hypopharynx; A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); C, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901); D, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); E, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); F-O, antenne; F, Anochilia bifida (Olivier, 1789); G, Heteronychus plebeius (Klug, 1833); H, Hexodon unicolor (Olivier, 1789); I, Heteroconus paradoxus (Endrödi,1968); J, Paranodon coquerelii (Fairmaire,1871); K-M, Encya sikorai (Brenske,1891); L, M, plages sensorielles de larticle apical; N, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950); O, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901). Échelles: A, F, G, I, J, O, 0,5 mm; E, L, M, 0,2 mm; H, K, N, 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520787/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). Transverse. Glosses recouvertes de soies longues et courtes mêlées, plus longues à lapex et plus denses et plus fortes à la base. Oncyli transverses, avec 2 fortes dents sclérifiées tranchantes, lune à plat, lautre dressée.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FE18FD79FDE7" blockId="20.[675,1211,501,750]" box="[677,749,501,527]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD10FE18FD79FDE7" box="[677,749,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Thorax</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FDF8FB08FD06" blockId="20.[675,1211,501,750]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD10FDF8FD73FDC7" bold="true" box="[677,743,533,559]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Pattes</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FD41FDF8FCC0FDD8" box="[756,852,533,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="47.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-14@47.[136,1188,217,1589]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIG. 20. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, pattes: A, Encya sikorai (Brenske, 1891); B, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel,1887); F, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844). Échelles: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520817/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
). Longues, de longueur croissante de P1 à P3, de structure analogue: coxa, trochanter inséré latéralement sur la coxa, fémur, tibiotarse. P1 et P2 à griffe longue, sublinéaire, large à la base, pointue, sclérifiée à lapex, la griffe 1 plus longue que la 2. P3 à griffe courte, plus large que longue, à apex pointu sclérifié, portant 2 longues soies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FCFFFC93FCC4" blockId="20.[676,1212,786,1098]" box="[677,775,786,812]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD10FCFFFC93FCC4" box="[677,775,786,812]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Abdomen</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="18093682FF807475FD10FCDFFCF9FBA2" blockId="20.[676,1212,786,1098]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2AC2EA90FF807475FD10FCDFFD78FCA4" bold="true" box="[677,748,818,844]" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Raster</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="808D2A07FF807475FD49FCDFFCC6FCA5" box="[764,850,818,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[113,124,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[118,1198,220,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-21@32.[118,1207,220,1565]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 5. — Larves de Scarabaeoidea de Madagascar, raster: A, Enaria melanictera (Klug, 1833); B, sp. M2; C, Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly,1950); D, Empecta scutata (Fairmaire,1901); E, Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887); F, sp.M3; G, Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844); H, sp. S1; I, sp. S2. Échelles: A, B, F-I, 0,5 mm; C, D, 1 mm; E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4520765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4520765/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Fente anale en «Y». Palidia en forme dogive « gothique » dont la pointe serait tronquée, formés de longues et fortes soies densément réparties sur quatre rangs et orientées vers le septula, qui est glabre. Teges avec des soies aplaties, recourbées à lapex, espacées, dessinant un large V renversé. Du côté dorsal de la fente anale, de très courtes soies coniques mêlées à des soies plus longues.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>