512 lines
91 KiB
XML
512 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="06311B76E0491B198B93877B1A366D31" ID-CLB-Dataset="295165" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00763.2020" ID-GBIF-Dataset="93ee941b-4d65-4181-8761-1827f4a4306f" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626721" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707250581881" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Paolucci, Florencia, Buono, Mónica R., Fernández, Marta S. & Cuitiño, José" docDate="2021" docId="091887ABFFDBF41A4739FB64C68FEBB9" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.66.1.63-76.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00763.2020" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Physeteroidea indet" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="F521FFD3FFD9F41D4467FFA6C473EA62" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1719697980648" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F2EBC09C189BD6E77259769A82A55EE4">Systematic revision of a Miocene sperm whale from Patagonia, Argentina, and the phylogenetic signal of tympano-periotic bones in Physeteroidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0569F3F8279F47914D715606C1499C00">Paolucci, Florencia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A5D37B85906C04FF66D77FF6CF150E20">Buono, Mónica R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CCB76178068089E8FCEC8693C52C1A5">Fernández, Marta S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8651B95679ABF4EDA4739DC715F971C">Cuitiño, José</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E7CCF058E56BF08CF52BDCCC6D0B2B87">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5352C31FADADCFEFB0784047F79DD2C6">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="091887ABFFDBF41A4739FB64C68FEBB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11093007" ID-GBIF-Taxon="228853210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11093007" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:091887ABFFDBF41A4739FB64C68FEBB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/091887ABFFDBF41A4739FB64C68FEBB9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C9AB6536FFDBF41F4739FB64C012EEBD" box="[862,1121,1218,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41F4739FB64C012EEBD" blockId="2.[862,1121,1218,1247]" box="[862,1121,1218,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="DA4681D1FFDBF41F4739FB64C012EEBD" box="[862,1121,1218,1247]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDBF41F4739FB64C02EEEBD" box="[862,1117,1218,1247]" class="Mammalia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Physeteroidea">Physeteroidea indet</taxonomicName>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C9AB6536FFDBF41F4739FB49C7CCEF66" box="[862,959,1263,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="description">
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41F4739FB49C7CCEF66" blockId="2.[862,959,1263,1285]" box="[862,959,1263,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDBF41F4739FB49C7C8EF66" box="[862,955,1263,1285]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[98,131,1031,1053]" captionStartId-1="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox-0="[99,769,164,1009]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetBox-2="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId-0="figure-872@3.[99,769,162,702]" captionTargetId-1="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetId-2="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Teeth of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. previously described as “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX- 5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina; in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views, and detailed view of the crown (A3) and enamel (A4). I and II refer to the two fragmentary teeth of the MLP 76-IX-5-1 (the best and worst preserved tooth, respectively)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626725" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10626725/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9AB6536FFDBF41F4739FAB0C066EF2A" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41F4739FAB0C066EF2A" blockId="2.[862,1535,1302,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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1980
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<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDBF41F47FFFAB0C7CBEF2B" authority=", Caviglia and Jorge 1980: 363 - 368" authorityName=", Caviglia and Jorge" authorityPageNumber="363 - 368" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Preaulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gualichensis">
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F47FFFAB0C0CBEF49" box="[920,1208,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Preaulophyseter gualichensis</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDBF41F40AFFAB0C7CBEF2B" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="65" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge 1980: 363– 368</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pls. I, II.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9AB6536FFDBF41A4739FAFCC68FEBB9" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41F4739FAFCC0FDED3E" blockId="2.[862,1535,1370,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F4739FAFCC7CCEF16" box="[862,959,1370,1396]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Material</emphasis>
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.—MLP 76-IX-5-1, a left periotic and two isolated fragmentary teeth, from near Puesto Echávez,
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<quantity id="46499B58FFDBF41F4115FADDC1C9EFF7" box="[1394,1466,1403,1429]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="38.0">38 km</quantity>
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north of San Antonio Oeste city within the Gran Bajo del Gualicho depression,
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<collectingRegion id="4375F85FFFDBF41F4781FA1AC0BFEFB4" box="[998,1228,1468,1494]" country="Argentina" name="Rio Negro" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Río Negro province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F9A6762DFFDBF41F40BDFA1AC13DEFB4" box="[1242,1358,1468,1494]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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; Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation; Miocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDBF41F40B7FA7AC181EF94" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." box="[1232,1522,1500,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge 1980</bibRefCitation>
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); MLP 76-IX-2-3 and MLP 76-IX-2-4, isolated right periotics, MLP 52-X-2-8, an isolated right periotic, and MLP 76-IX-2- 7, a fragmentary periotic, from Patagonia, without a precise geographic provenance,
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<collectingCountry id="F9A6762DFFDBF41F4011F9F8C099EC1A" box="[1142,1258,1630,1656]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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; Miocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDBF41F410AF9F8C7ADECFB" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="65" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). MPEF-PV-605, an isolated right periotic and MPEF-PV-651, an isolated right periotic, from Bryn Gwyn (= Loma Blanca); MPEF-PV-6098, an isolated left periotic from Cerro Castillo; MLP 80-VIII-30-133 (right -a and left -b), two isolated periotics from Gaiman, Lower Valley of
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<collectingRegion id="4375F85FFFDBF41F4739F887C7C2ED59" box="[862,945,1825,1851]" country="Argentina" name="Chubut" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Chubut</collectingRegion>
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River; all
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<collectingRegion id="4375F85FFFDBF41F4027F887C17BED59" box="[1088,1288,1825,1851]" country="Argentina" name="Chubut" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Chubut province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F9A6762DFFDBF41F417CF887C1E2ED59" box="[1307,1425,1825,1851]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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; Gaiman Formation; lower Miocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41F44F0F89DC667EDC7" blockId="2.[151,824,1851,1957]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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Fig. 1. Geographic location of studied area in Patagonia, southern Argentina (
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F44A0F8F1C4A4ED0E" bold="true" box="[199,215,1879,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">A</emphasis>
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) and location of the marine Miocene outcrops (
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F46EBF8F1C6E8ED0E" bold="true" box="[652,667,1879,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">B</emphasis>
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, stars) where the specimens included in this study were collected: Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation (1) and Gaiman Formation (2).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDBF41E4739F8C8C060EABB" blockId="2.[862,1535,1901,1960]" lastBlockId="3.[808,1482,158,1960]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F4739F8C8C792EDE5" box="[862,993,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Description</emphasis>
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.—
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<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDBF41F4065F8CBC04EEDE5" box="[1026,1085,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Teeth</emphasis>
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: The two isolated teeth of MLP 76-IX-5-1 are broken and eroded. They are conical with an oval transverse section, and a thin layer of crenulated enamel on their crowns. Given that these teeth are isolated, we could neither determine their anteroposterior position along the toothrow nor their location on the skull (lower versus upper jaw). The better-preserved tooth (
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<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E45F9FAE2C597EF3C" box="[414,484,1348,1374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1031,1053]" captionTargetBox="[99,769,164,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-872@3.[99,769,162,702]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Teeth of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. previously described as “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX- 5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina; in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views, and detailed view of the crown (A3) and enamel (A4). I and II refer to the two fragmentary teeth of the MLP 76-IX-5-1 (the best and worst preserved tooth, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626725/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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: I) is long (
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) and slender (maximum diameter about
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<quantity id="46499B58FFDAF41E45B9FAC3C65EEF1D" box="[478,557,1381,1407]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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). There is a shallow crest in both mesial and distal margins of the crown, being more conspicuous on the lingual side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4678FA03C606EFA2" box="[543,629,1445,1472]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[98,131,1031,1053]" captionTargetBox="[99,769,164,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-872@3.[99,769,162,702]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Teeth of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. previously described as “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX- 5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina; in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views, and detailed view of the crown (A3) and enamel (A4). I and II refer to the two fragmentary teeth of the MLP 76-IX-5-1 (the best and worst preserved tooth, respectively)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626725/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4612FA14C60DEFA1" box="[629,638,1458,1475]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E4612FA14C60DEFA1" attach="left" box="[629,638,1458,1475]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">4</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Over this side, and ventral to the crest, there is a dorsoventrally long and shallow occlusal facet, extending for
|
||
<quantity id="46499B58FFDAF41E4592FA41C632EC63" box="[501,577,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the crown and the root. The occlusal facet runs along the longitudinal axis of the tooth, being obliquely oriented in its proximal region. The presence of this occlusal facet reinforces the hypothesis that both the crown and part of the root were erupted above the gums in most physeteroids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDAF41E45AFF92FC684ECC6" author="Bianucci, G. & Landini, W." box="[456,759,1673,1700]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref9384" refString="Bianucci, G. and Landini, W. 2006. Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148: 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="2006">Bianucci and Landini 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Besides, the presence of a long occlusal facet allows us to infer that both upper and lower teeth were present in this specimen. The crown is short, about one fourth of the total length
|
||
<quantity id="46499B58FFDAF41E440EF8ADC4CAED44" box="[105,185,1803,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and there is a shallow cingulum at the base, which is clearer on the labial side. The long (
|
||
<quantity id="46499B58FFDAF41E4675F88AC611ED24" box="[530,610,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and fusiform root displays cement rings in the proximal region. The pulp cavity is obscured by sediment and occupies one third of the total length of the tooth (
|
||
<quantity id="46499B58FFDAF41E4514F828C5B7EDCA" box="[371,452,1934,1960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
). In both teeth, some oblique layers of dentine (Growth Layer Groups, GLGs) are observed along break surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDAF41E4729FF46C150EFC1" blockId="3.[808,1482,158,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDAF41E4729FF46C7C6EA9B" box="[846,949,224,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Periotics</emphasis>
|
||
: MLP 76-IX-5-1 includes a left periotic almost completely preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4016FF59C0C4EB7B" box="[1137,1207,255,281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fenestra rotunda, fenestra ovalis, some parts of the ventral surface of the periotic, as well as the fossa for the stapedial muscle are obscured by sediment. In dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E409FFEC6C122EB18" box="[1272,1361,352,378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4137FECBC12AEB1C" box="[1360,1369,365,382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1851,1873]" captionTargetBox="[153,824,1217,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-656@2.[153,824,1216,1826]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Geographic location of studied area in Patagonia, southern Argentina (A) and location of the marine Miocene outcrops (B, stars) where the specimens included in this study were collected: Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation (1) and Gaiman Formation (2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626723/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E4137FECBC12AEB1C" attach="left" box="[1360,1369,365,382]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the circular aperture for the cochlear aqueduct is smaller than the anteroposteriorly compressed aperture for the vestibular aqueduct, and these two openings are not anteroposteriorly aligned. The lateromedially pyriform internal acoustic meatus (IAM) has a well-developed transverse crest and a tear drop-shaped foramen singulare. The IAM also has a large and tear drop-shaped spiral cribriform tract. The proximal opening of the facial canal is a large foramen that is also tear drop-shaped, with its rounded part posteriorly oriented. Some prominences lateral to the IAM give the periotic an irregular dorsolateral surface. In ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4131FD65C1CAE883" box="[1366,1465,707,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Fig. 3A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E41D7FD76C1CAE883" attach="right" box="[1456,1465,720,737]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">3</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the pars cochlearis is mediolaterally wide with a well-defined convex medial surface; it is weakly tilted towards the anterior process. The oval-shaped accessory ossicle is large (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CC330306FFDAF41E4717FCE2C7B7E93C" box="[880,964,836,862]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[98,151,159,181]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@5.[98,771,226,966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the periotics of the Patagonian Miocene Physeteroidea indet. included in our study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), and, as in most other physeteroid periotics, together with part of the outer lip of the tympanic bulla it is fused with the anterior process of the periotic, leaving visible only a small and circular part of the anterior bullar facet. The mallear fossa is deep and circular, whereas the fenestra ovalis is oval. The conspicuous lateral tuberosity is anterior to the wide and deep epitympanic hiatus. Posteriorly, the posterior bullar facet is ventrally concave and has grooves and fracture lines. In medial and dorsal views, there is a circular prominence on the anterior process dorsal to the accessory ossicle. The facial sulcus is wide and deep. In medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E47AFFB01C06CEEA3" box="[968,1055,1191,1217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4047FB12C059EEA7" box="[1056,1066,1204,1221]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E4047FB12C059EEA7" attach="right" box="[1056,1066,1204,1221]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">5</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), the pars cochlearis is subcircular. The fenestra rotunda has a dorsoventrally oval outline, and it is connected with the aperture for the cochlear aqueduct by a shallow groove. The anterior process of the periotic is small and pointed. In lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E40C9FA8EC172EF20" box="[1198,1281,1320,1346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E4166FA93C178EF27" attach="left" box="[1281,1291,1333,1349]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">7</subScript>
|
||
), the body of the periotic is perpendicular to the posterior process, resulting in an L-shaped profile of the periotic. The posterior process has a deep groove at the posteroventral apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D5CE6635FFDAF41E4405FBA1C685EECB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626725/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" startId="3.[98,131,1031,1053]" targetBox="[99,769,164,1009]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDAF41E4405FBA1C685EECB" blockId="3.[98,771,1031,1193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Fig. 2. Teeth of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. previously described as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDAF41E44E2FB85C6F4EE5B" authority="" Caviglia and Jorge, 1980" authorityName="" Caviglia and Jorge" authorityYear="1980" box="[133,647,1059,1081]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Preaulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gualichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDAF41E44E2FB85C5E2EE5A" box="[133,401,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Preaulophyseter gualichensis</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDAF41E45C6FB85C6F4EE5B" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." box="[417,647,1059,1081]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina; in labial (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E4555FBC0C549EE16" attach="right" box="[306,314,1126,1140]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">1</subScript>
|
||
) and lingual (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E45AAFBC0C5A6EE16" attach="left" box="[461,469,1126,1140]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">2</subScript>
|
||
) views, and detailed view of the crown (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E44DDFB24C4B1EEF2" attach="right" box="[186,194,1154,1168]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">3</subScript>
|
||
) and enamel (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDAF41E453CFB24C510EEF2" attach="right" box="[347,355,1154,1168]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">4</subScript>
|
||
). I and II refer to the two fragmentary teeth of the MLP 76-IX-5-1 (the best and worst preserved tooth, respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDAF41E4729FA0FC0B6ED0A" blockId="3.[808,1482,158,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The periotics MLP 76-IX-2-3 and MLP 76-IX-2-4 have the same general characteristics as MLP 76-IX-5-1. When comparing all the periotics, MLP 76-IX-2-3 is smaller, while MLP 76-IX-2-4 and MLP 76-IX-5-1 are similar in size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CC330306FFDAF41E4701F98CC7C8EC26" box="[870,955,1578,1604]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[98,151,159,181]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@5.[98,771,226,966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the periotics of the Patagonian Miocene Physeteroidea indet. included in our study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" tableUuid="D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In MLP 76-IX-2-3, the posterior process is broken and the accessory ossicle is missing, making the oval fovea epitubaria visible. In medial view, the periotic has a triangular outline due to the erosion of the dorsal region of the pars cochlearis. In ventral view, the pars cochlearis of MLP 76-IX-2-3 and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4090F96AC13EEC84" box="[1271,1357,1740,1766]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" captionTargetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" captionTargetId="figure-398@4.[163,1523,161,1436]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. A. Left periotic of nomen dubium “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A1, A2), ventral (A3, A4), medial (A5, A6), and lateral (A7, A8) views. B, C. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (B) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (C), in dorsal (B1, C1), ventral (B2, C2), medial (B3, C3), and lateral (B4, C4) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5, A7, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, A6, A8). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is shorter than in MLP 76-IX-5-1, and leaning towards the anterior process more than in MLP 76-IX-5-1. Finally, the fenestra rotunda of MLP 76-IX-2-3 and MLP 76-IX-2-4 is D-shaped, whereas it is oval in MLP 76-IX-5-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDAF4194729F8CBC106ED05" blockId="3.[808,1482,158,1960]" lastBlockId="4.[862,1536,1676,1959]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
MPEF-PV-605 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDAF41E4063F8CBC029EDE5" box="[1028,1114,1901,1927]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) corresponds to an almost complete right periotic with a certain degree of erosion and of similar size than MLP 76-IX-2-3 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="CC330306FFDDF4194676F92AC611ECC5" box="[529,610,1676,1703]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[98,151,159,181]" captionTargetId="graphics-794@5.[98,771,226,966]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the periotics of the Patagonian Miocene Physeteroidea indet. included in our study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" tableUuid="D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The general morphology is in concordance with MLP 76-IX-5-1, so we only provide here the main differences. In medial view, the pars cochlearis has a D-shape profile, with a straight dorsal and a convex ventral margin. The D-shaped fenestra rotunda is positioned on the posterior margin of the pars cochlearis. In ventral view, the fenestra ovalis is circular whereas the fossa incudis is oval. The posterior bullar facet is laterally oriented, concave and has grooves and ridges. The pars cochlearis leans towards the anterior process. In dorsal view, the circular aperture for the cochlear aqueduct is larger than the anteroposteriorly compressed aperture for the vestibular aqueduct. The spiral cribriform tract is large and circular, medial to the oval proximal opening of the facial canal. The foramen singulare is small and mediolaterally narrow, and the transverse crest is less conspicuous than in MLP 76-IX-5-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D5CE6635FFDDF41944FFFA14C009EC12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626727/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" startId="4.[152,185,1458,1480]" targetBox="[164,1517,162,1435]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDDF41944FFFA14C009EC12" blockId="4.[151,1535,1458,1648]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Fig. 3. Sperm whale Physeteroidea indet.
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF4194672FA14C656EFA5" bold="true" box="[533,549,1458,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Left periotic of nomen dubium “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDDF419473BFA14C12CEFA5" authority="" Caviglia and Jorge, 1980" authorityName="" Caviglia and Jorge" authorityYear="1980" box="[860,1375,1458,1480]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Preaulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gualichensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF419473BFA14C01BEFA5" box="[860,1128,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Preaulophyseter gualichensis</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDDF419401EFA14C12CEFA5" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." box="[1145,1375,1458,1480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MLP 76-IX-5-1, from the Miocene of Gran Bajo del Gualicho Formation, Patagonia, Argentina, in dorsal (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41947BCFA7EC790EF84" attach="left" box="[987,995,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194799FA7EC075EF84" attach="left" box="[1022,1030,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
|
||
), ventral (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194011FA7EC00DEF84" attach="left" box="[1142,1150,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41940FEFA7EC0D2EF84" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4</subScript>
|
||
), medial (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194177FA7EC16BEF84" attach="left" box="[1296,1304,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">5</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194154FA7EC148EF84" attach="left" box="[1331,1339,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">6</subScript>
|
||
), and lateral (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41941ABFA7EC1A7EF84" attach="left" box="[1484,1492,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194188FA7EC184EF84" attach="left" box="[1519,1527,1496,1510]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">8</subScript>
|
||
) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF41944B0FA4CC495EF9D" bold="true" box="[215,230,1514,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF4194496FA4CC572EC62" bold="true" box="[241,257,1514,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Two isolated right periotics from the Miocene of Patagonia, MLP 76-IX-2-3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF41947A1FA4CC7A6EF9D" bold="true" box="[966,981,1514,1535]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and MLP 76-IX-2-4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDDF41940C3FA4CC0C7EC62" bold="true" box="[1188,1204,1514,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
), in dorsal (B
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194157FA52C14BEC60" attach="left" box="[1328,1336,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
, C
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194135FA52C129EC60" attach="left" box="[1362,1370,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
), ventral (B
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41941A0FA52C1BCEC60" attach="left" box="[1479,1487,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
|
||
, C
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF419418EFA52C182EC60" attach="left" box="[1513,1521,1524,1538]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
|
||
), medial (B
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194495F9B6C489EC7C" attach="left" box="[242,250,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
|
||
, C
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194571F9B6C56DEC7C" attach="left" box="[278,286,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
|
||
), and lateral (B
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41945C8F9B6C5C4EC7C" attach="left" box="[431,439,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4</subScript>
|
||
, C
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41945B5F9B6C5A9EC7C" attach="left" box="[466,474,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4</subScript>
|
||
) views. Photographs (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41946DDF9B6C6B1EC7C" attach="right" box="[698,706,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41946BAF9B6C696EC7C" attach="left" box="[733,741,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194766F9B6C77AEC7C" attach="right" box="[769,777,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">5</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194743F9B6C75FEC7C" attach="left" box="[804,812,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7</subScript>
|
||
, B, C) and explanatory drawings (A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF419401BF9B6C0F7EC7C" attach="left" box="[1148,1156,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41940C7F9B6C0DBEC7C" attach="right" box="[1184,1192,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF41940A4F9B6C0B8EC7C" attach="left" box="[1219,1227,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">6</subScript>
|
||
, A
|
||
<subScript id="1D3534F8FFDDF4194080F9B6C09CEC7C" attach="right" box="[1255,1263,1552,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">8</subScript>
|
||
). Abbreviations: abf, anterior bullar facet; aca, aperture for cochlear aqueduct; ai, anterior incisure; ao, accessory ossicle; ava, aperture for the vestibular aqueduct; eh, epitympanic hiatus; fasu, facial sulcus; fo, fenestra ovalis; fosi, foramen singulare; fr, fenestra rotunda; iam, internal acoustic meatus; lt, lateral tuberosity; mf, mallear fossa; pbf, posterior bulla facet; pofc, proximal opening of facial canal (VII); sct, spiral cribiform tract (VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDDF41847E3F8CAC48DEEE2" blockId="4.[862,1536,1676,1959]" lastBlockId="5.[98,771,997,1960]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The anterior process and the ventral part of the pars cochlearis of the right periotic MPEF-PV-651 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDDF4194111F82AC1BFEDC5" box="[1398,1484,1932,1959]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are highly eroded, so the margins of the fovea epitubaria are lost. The pars cochlearis’ profile, fenestra rotunda, aperture for the vestibular and cochlear aqueducts are similar to MPEF-PV-605. In ventral view, the fenestra ovalis has broken edges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" ID-Table-UUID="D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5CE6635FFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" startId="5.[98,151,159,181]" targetBox="[105,766,245,964]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184405FF39C65EEAB0" blockId="5.[98,770,159,210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Table 1. Measurements (in mm) of the periotics of the Patagonian Miocene Physeteroidea indet. included in our study.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF418452CFEBEC689E9D4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<table id="F3B1C41DFFDC0BE2440EFF53C68DE9A6" box="[105,766,245,964]" gridcols="8" gridrows="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFF53C68DEBA3" box="[105,766,245,449]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFF53C5B3EBA3" box="[105,448,245,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Specimens Measurements</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FF53C59FEBA3" box="[465,492,245,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 76 - IX- 5 - 1</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFF53C667EBA3" box="[505,532,245,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 76 - IX- 2- 3</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FF53C649EBA3" box="[542,570,245,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 76- IX- 2 - 4</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FF53C611EBA3" box="[583,610,245,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 80 -VIII- 30 - 133</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FF53C6F9EBA3" box="[623,650,245,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 52 - X- 2 - 8</th>
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FF53C68DEBA3" box="[659,766,245,449]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MPEF-PV- 651 MPEF-PV- 6098 MPEF-PV- 605</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFE72C68DE864" box="[105,766,468,518]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFE72C5B3E864" box="[105,448,468,518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Anteroposterior length of pars cochlearis</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FE72C59FE864" box="[465,492,468,518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFE72C667E864" box="[505,532,468,518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">17</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FE72C649E864" box="[542,570,468,518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FE72C611E864" box="[583,610,468,518]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">17</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FE72C6F9E864" box="[623,650,468,518]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FE72C6D8E864" box="[659,683,468,518]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFE72C68DE864" box="[698,766,468,518]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18 19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFDB6C68DE844" box="[105,766,528,550]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFDB6C5B3E844" box="[105,448,528,550]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Standard length of periotic</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FDB6C59FE844" box="[465,492,528,550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">38</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFDB6C667E844" box="[505,532,528,550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">31</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FDB6C649E844" box="[542,570,528,550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">37</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FDB6C611E844" box="[583,610,528,550]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">35</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FDB6C6F9E844" box="[623,650,528,550]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FDB6C6D8E844" box="[659,683,528,550]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">34</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFDB6C68DE844" box="[698,766,528,550]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">37 31</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFD96C68DE800" box="[105,766,560,610]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFD96C5B3E800" box="[105,448,560,610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Mediolateral height of posterior bulla facet</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FD96C59FE800" box="[465,492,560,610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">10</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFD96C667E800" box="[505,532,560,610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">14</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FD96C649E800" box="[542,570,560,610]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">10</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FD96C611E800" box="[583,610,560,610]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">11</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FD96C6F9E800" box="[623,650,560,610]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">15</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FD96C6D8E800" box="[659,683,560,610]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">11</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFD96C68DE800" box="[698,766,560,610]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">14 13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFDCDC68DE8FF" box="[105,766,619,669]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFDCDC5B3E8FF" box="[105,448,619,669]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Width of periotic across pars cochlearis and superior process</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FDCDC59FE8FF" box="[465,492,619,669]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">27</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFDCDC667E8FF" box="[505,532,619,669]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">25</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FDCDC649E8FF" box="[542,570,619,669]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">25</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FDCDC611E8FF" box="[583,610,619,669]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">24</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FDCDC6F9E8FF" box="[623,650,619,669]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">25</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FDCDC6D8E8FF" box="[659,683,619,669]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">26</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFDCDC68DE8FF" box="[698,766,619,669]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">27 24</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFD01C68DE897" box="[105,766,679,757]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFD01C5B3E897" box="[105,448,679,757]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Least distance between the margins of internal acoustic meatus and aperture of cochlear aqueduct</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FD01C59FE897" box="[465,492,679,757]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">3</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFD01C667E897" box="[505,532,679,757]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">3</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FD01C649E897" box="[542,570,679,757]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">3</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FD01C611E897" box="[583,610,679,757]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">4</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FD01C6F9E897" box="[623,650,679,757]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">4</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FD01C6D8E897" box="[659,683,679,757]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">4</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFD01C68DE897" box="[698,766,679,757]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">5 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFD59C68DE92F" box="[105,766,767,845]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFD59C5B3E92F" box="[105,448,767,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Least distance between the margins of internal acoustic meatus and aperture of vestibular aqueduct</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FD59C59FE92F" box="[465,492,767,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFD59C667E92F" box="[505,532,767,845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FD59C649E92F" box="[542,570,767,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FD59C611E92F" box="[583,610,767,845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FD59C6F9E92F" box="[623,650,767,845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">2</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FD59C6D8E92F" box="[659,683,767,845]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">1</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFD59C68DE92F" box="[698,766,767,845]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">2 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFCF1C68DE9EB" box="[105,766,855,905]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFCF1C5B3E9EB" box="[105,448,855,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Anteroposterior length of accessory ossicle</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FCF1C59FE9EB" box="[465,492,855,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">12</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFCF1C667E9EB" box="[505,532,855,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FCF1C649E9EB" box="[542,570,855,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">11</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FCF1C611E9EB" box="[583,610,855,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FCF1C6F9E9EB" box="[623,650,855,905]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FCF1C6D8E9EB" box="[659,683,855,905]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFCF1C68DE9EB" box="[698,766,855,905]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">- 9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3F8134FFFFDC0BE2440EFC34C68DE9A6" box="[105,766,914,964]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<th id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2440EFC34C5B3E9A6" box="[105,448,914,964]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Maximun dorsoventral height of periotic</th>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE245B6FC34C59FE9A6" box="[465,492,914,964]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">21</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE2459EFC34C667E9A6" box="[505,532,914,964]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">19</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24679FC34C649E9A6" box="[542,570,914,964]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">22</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24620FC34C611E9A6" box="[583,610,914,964]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">18</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE24608FC34C6F9E9A6" box="[623,650,914,964]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">21</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246F4FC34C6D8E9A6" box="[659,683,914,964]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">20</td>
|
||
<td id="7C505D83FFDC0BE246DDFC34C68DE9A6" box="[698,766,914,964]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">23 16</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF41844E0FB21C4A4EFA1" blockId="5.[98,771,997,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The left periotic MPEF-PV-6098 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF4184679FB21C60BEEC3" box="[542,632,1159,1185]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) has a size similar to MLP 76-IX-5-1. Even though it is eroded, most of the features are visible. In dorsal view, the apertures for the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts have approximately the same size. In ventral view, the fovea epitubaria is visible and oval-shaped. The anterior bullar facet is rounded due to erosion. The posterior bullar facet is laterally bended and has crests and grooves as in MPEF-PV-605. In medial view, the pars cochlearis is oval and the fenestra rotunda is D-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF41844E0FA6FC6C7EDC5" blockId="5.[98,771,997,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The two periotics MLP 80-VIII-30-133a and b (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF41846C1FA6FC407EC66" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) have an eroded and rounded surface. The better-preserved (MLP 80-VIII-30-133a) individual (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF4184601F9ACC6C9EC46" box="[614,698,1546,1572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) lacks the posterior process. In medial view, the pars cochlearis is anteroposteriorly oval, and the fenestra rotunda has a D-shape profile as in MPEF-PV-605, MPEF-PV-6098, and MPEF-PV-651. In dorsal view, the aperture for the vestibular aqueduct is larger than the aperture for cochlear aqueduct, as in MLP 76-IX-5-1. The other left periotic (MLP 80-VIII-30-133b) is poorly preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF418466CF94AC613ED64" box="[523,608,1772,1798]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking most of the pars cochlearis. The posterior process is reduced to a thin process, and the margins of the anterior process are rounded due to erosion. Both processes are at a right angle, resulting in an L-shaped profile of the periotic. Posterior to the anterior process is a prominent lateral tuberosity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184729FF39C0FDEB19" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
MLP 52-X-2-8 is an eroded and fragmentary right periotic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF4184704FF19C7CBEABB" box="[867,952,191,217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,183,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[157,1524,165,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-263@6.[174,1530,159,1546]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Isolated periotics of a sperm whale Physeteroidea indet. from the Miocene of Patagonia. A. MPEF-PV-605, right periotic. B. MPEF-PV-651, right periotic. C. MPEF-PV-6098, left periotic. D. MLP 80-VIII-30-133a, right periotic. E MLP 80-VIII-30-133b, left periotic. F. MLP 52-X-2-8, right periotic. In dorsal (A1–F1), ventral (A2–F2), medial (A3–F3), and lateral (A4–F4) views.G. MLP 56-IX-2-7, fragmentary periotic in dorsal (G1) and medial (G2) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626729/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the anterior process missing. In medial view, the fenestra rotunda is D-shaped and the pars cochlearis is oval as in the previous specimens. In dorsal view, the aperture for the vestibular aqueduct is anteroposteriorly compressed and larger than the aperture for the cochlear aqueduct, as in MLP 76-IX-5-1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184729FE27C7DFE879" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">MLP 76-IX-2-7 is represented by an eroded portion of pars cochlearis, in which the spiral cribriform tract and the medial edge of the foramen singulare are preserved. The spiral cribriform tract is circular and delimited by conspicuous edges.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184729FD84C090E97D" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The periotics analyzed above present the diagnostic characters of Physeteroidea described in the previous section.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF418474FFDC4C78BE81E" author="Cozzuol, M. A." box="[808,1016,610,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" refId="ref9904" refString="Cozzuol, M. A. 1993. Mamiferos acuaticos del mioceno medio y tardio en Argentina: sistematica, evolucion y biogeografia. 175 pp. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata." type="book" year="1993">Cozzuol (1993: 22)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred MPEF-PV-605 to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDCF418414CFDC4C1CFE81E" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1928" box="[1323,1468,610,636]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Aulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF418414CFDC4C1CFE81E" box="[1323,1468,610,636]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Aulophyseter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF418474FFD25C7C1E8FE" box="[808,946,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
, the only Patagonian physeteroid species that is currently known with associated ear bones. However, we cannot confidently assign any of these isolated periotics to any known or new taxa, and therefore they are here identified as Physeteroidea indet. (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184729FC82C1D3EFA7" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The morphology of the periotics and teeth referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDCF418474FFCE2C792E93C" authorityName="Caviglia & Jorge" authorityYear="1980" box="[808,993,836,862]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Preaulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF418474FFCE2C792E93C" box="[808,993,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Preaulophyseter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF4184068FCE2C147E93C" author="Caviglia, S. E. & Jorge, R. E." box="[1039,1332,836,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref9710" refString="Caviglia, S. E., and Jorge, R. E. 1980. Preaulophyseter gualichensis General. et sp. Nov. (Cetacea; Physeteridae) en el Terciario marino de Rio Negro, Republica Argentina. Actas del Segundo Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia y Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontologia 2: 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1980">Caviglia and Jorge (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is consistent with that of Physeteroidea. The physeteroid periotic is characterized by a large accessory ossicle often fused with the anterior process of the periotic, contact surface between posterior process of tympanic bulla and periotic with keels and grooves, a pointed anterior process, posteroventrally recurved posterior process at a right angle with the body of periotic, anteriorly inclined pars cochlearis, a thick superior process, concave posterior bullar facet, and a volcano-shaped IAM (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF4184716FBC1C07BEEE3" author="Kasuya, T." box="[881,1032,1127,1153]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref10812" refString="Kasuya, T. 1973. Systematic consideration of recent toothed whales based on the morphology of tympano-periotic bone. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 25: 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1973">Kasuya 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF4184071FBC1C17BEEE0" author="Luo, Z. & Marsh, K." box="[1046,1288,1127,1154]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="328 - 348" refId="ref11355" refString="Luo, Z. and Marsh, K. 1996. Petrosal (periotic) and inner ear of a Pliocene kogiine whale (Kogiinae, Odontoceti): implications on relationships and hearing evolution of toothed whales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16: 328 - 348." type="journal article" year="1996">Luo and Marsh 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, there are no characteristics that differentiate these specimens from other known non kogiid-physeteroid species. The observed minor differences could possibly be explained by intraspecific (including ontogenetic variation and sexual dimorphism, although the latter has not yet been demonstrated at the level of ear bones in physeteroids; e.g., de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF4184106FA8FC7D1EF01" author="Buffrenil V. de & Dabin W. & Zylberberg L." pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="371 - 381" refId="ref9483" refString="Buffrenil V. de, Dabin W., and Zylberberg L. 2004. Histology and growth of the cetacean petro-tympanic bone complex. Journal of the Zoological Society of London 262: 371 - 381." type="journal article" year="2004">Buffrenil et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF41847C9FAEFC0EBEF06" author="Lancaster, W. C. & Ary, W. J. & Krysl, P. & Cranford, T. W." box="[942,1176,1353,1380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="369 - 375" refId="ref11273" refString="Lancaster, W. C., Ary, W. J., Krysl, P., and Cranford, T. W. 2015. Precocial development within the tympanoperiotic complex in cetaceans. Marine Mammal Science 31: 369 - 375." type="journal article" year="2015">Lancaster et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or interspecific variations (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF4184701FACCC788EFE1" author="Kasuya, T." box="[870,1019,1385,1412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref10812" refString="Kasuya, T. 1973. Systematic consideration of recent toothed whales based on the morphology of tympano-periotic bone. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 25: 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1973">Kasuya 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF418406EFACFC0BDEFE1" author="Oelschlager, H. A." box="[1033,1230,1385,1411]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="353 - 368" refId="ref11729" refString="Oelschlager, H. A. 1986. Comparative morphology and evolution of the otic region in toothed whales (Cetacea, Mammalia). American Journal of Anatomy 177: 353 - 368." type="journal article" year="1986">Oelschläger 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDCF41840BBFACFC1CDEFE1" author="Gutstein, C. S. & Figueroa-Bravo, C. P. & Pyenson, N. D. & Yury-Yanez, R. E. & Cozzuol, M. A. & Canals, M." box="[1244,1470,1385,1412]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" pagination="62 - 74" refId="ref10603" refString="Gutstein, C. S., Figueroa-Bravo, C. P., Pyenson, N. D., Yury-Yanez, R. E., Cozzuol, M. A., and Canals, M. 2014. High frequency echolocation, ear morphology, and the marine-freshwater transition: A comparative study of extant and extinct toothed whales. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 400: 62 - 74." type="journal article" year="2014">Gutstein et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we assign MLP 76-IX-5-1, MLP 76-IX-2-3 and MLP 76-IX-2-4 as Physeteroidea indet. (see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF4184729FA6CC145ECE7" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">The main differences observed between the periotics described above are related to: (i) size; (ii) shape of the pars cochlearis; and (iii) size of the apertures for the cochlear and vestibular aqueducts. Below, we provide detailed comparisons between the specimens analyzed in this contribution and with other non-kogiid physeteroid species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="810E36BDFFDCF41A4729F92AC68FEBB9" blockId="5.[808,1482,158,1961]" lastBlockId="7.[98,771,158,476]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The periotic MLP 76-IX-5-1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF41840C3F92AC088ECC5" box="[1188,1275,1676,1703]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from that of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDCF4184735F90AC795ECA4" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1928" box="[850,998,1708,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Aulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF4184735F90AC795ECA4" box="[850,998,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Aulophyseter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF418479AF90BC0F8ECA4" box="[1021,1163,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
in being larger, mediolaterally wide, with a more circular pars cochlearis that is less inclined towards the anterior process. It further differs in having an oval fenestra rotunda. “
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF41840C3F8ABC0CFED45" box="[1188,1212,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">A.</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF41840A8F8A8C12EED45" box="[1231,1373,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDCF418410AF8ABC1B2ED4A" box="[1389,1473,1805,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and MLP 76-IX-2-3 differ only in the size of the pars cochlearis in medial view. Both MLP 76-IX-2-4 and MLP 52-X-2-8 differ from “
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF4184040F8C8C04CEDEA" box="[1063,1087,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">A.</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDCF4184032F8C8C090EDE5" box="[1109,1251,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
in being larger. On the other hand, there are no significant differences between “
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B44C7F92AC4CBECC4" box="[160,184,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">A.</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B44B4F92AC510ECC7" box="[211,355,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
, MPEF-PV-605 and MLP 80-VIII-30- 133a and b. MPEF-PV-651 differs from “
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B461CF90AC6E1ECA4" box="[635,658,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">A.</emphasis>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B46CDF90BC74BECA4" box="[682,824,1709,1734]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">rionegrensis</emphasis>
|
||
in having a higher pars cochlearis in ventral view, whilst MPEF-PV-6098 differs in being larger and in having a small prominence along the posteromedial outline on the pars cochlearis, above the fenestra rotunda. The periotic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDFF41B44F0F8EBC5EFED05" authorityName="MNHN SAS" authorityYear="1626" box="[151,412,1869,1895]" class="Mammalia" genus="Acrophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deinodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B44F0F8EBC5EFED05" box="[151,412,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Acrophyseter deinodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDFF41B45CEF8EBC6F6ED05" author="Lambert, O. & Bianucci, G. & Muizon C. de" box="[425,645,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" pagination="404 - 474" refId="ref11167" refString="Lambert, O., Bianucci, G., and Muizon C. de 2016. Macroraptorial sperm whales (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Physeteroidea) from the Miocene of Peru. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179: 404 - 474." type="journal article" year="2016">Lambert et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDFF41B46E9F8EBC693ED0A" box="[654,736,1869,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from all remaining physeteroids in having a quadrangular pars cochlearis in medial view. However, as in MLP-76-IX-5-1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDFF41B47BFF92AC02CECC7" authorityName="MNHN SAS" authorityYear="1626" box="[984,1119,1675,1702]" class="Mammalia" genus="Acrophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deinodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B47BFF92AC02CECC7" box="[984,1119,1675,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">A. deinodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an oval-shaped fenestra rotunda, whereas in the other studied specimens it is D-shaped. MLP-76-IX-5-1 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDFF41B4000F96AC12BEC84" box="[1127,1368,1740,1766]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Zygophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varolai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B4000F96AC12BEC84" box="[1127,1368,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Zygophyseter varolai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDFF41B410FF96AC789ED64" author="Bianucci, G. & Landini, W." pageId="6" pageNumber="69" pagination="103 - 131" refId="ref9384" refString="Bianucci, G. and Landini, W. 2006. Killer sperm whale: a new basal physeteroid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Late Miocene of Italy. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 148: 103 - 131." type="journal article" year="2006">Bianucci and Landini 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDFF41B4061F94AC028ED65" box="[1030,1115,1772,1799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having a smaller pars cochlearis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDFF41B4739F8AAC786ED44" authorityName="Bianucci & Landini" authorityYear="2006" box="[862,1013,1804,1830]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Zygophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B4739F8AAC786ED44" box="[862,1013,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Zygophyseter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other studied specimens in having a rectangular fovea epitubaria. MLP-76-IX-5-1 differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDFF41B47A8F8EBC0BEED05" box="[975,1229,1869,1895]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Aulophyseter" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="morricei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDFF41B47A8F8EBC0BEED05" box="[975,1229,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Aulophyseter morricei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDFF41B40BAF8EBC10AED05" author="Kellogg, R." box="[1245,1401,1869,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref10920" refString="Kellogg, R. 1927. Study of the skull of a fossil sperm-whale from the Temblor Miocene of southern California. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 346: 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1927">Kellogg 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDFF41B41E2F8EBC1ABED0A" box="[1413,1496,1869,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="69">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having a higher pars cochlearis in ventral view, whilst this genus differs from the other specimens analyzed here in having more circular IAM and apertures for cochlear and vestibular aqueducts.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDEF41A453BFF19C6E6EABA" box="[348,661,190,217]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Orycterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocodilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDEF41A453BFF19C6E6EABA" box="[348,661,190,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Orycterocetus crocodilinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5204B4CFFDEF41A46C0FF18C4E9EA98" author="Kellogg, R." pageId="7" pageNumber="70" pagination="47 - 63" refId="ref10955" refString="Kellogg, R. 1965. Fossil marine mammals from the Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland and Virginia. The Miocene Calvert sperm whale Orycterocetus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 247: 47 - 63." type="journal article" year="1965">Kellogg 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDEF41A44C1FF79C484EA98" box="[166,247,223,250]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from all the specimens analyzed here in having a larger and circular spiral cribriform tract. In ventral view,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDEF41A449EFE86C5D4EB5B" box="[249,423,287,314]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Orycterocetus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocodilinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDEF41A449EFE86C5D4EB5B" box="[249,423,287,314]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">O. crocodilinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents the same small prominence along the posteromedial outline as MPEF-PV 6098. Finally, the main difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46B14D3EFFDEF41A4641FEC6C6FAEB18" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[550,649,352,378]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" genus="Physeter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B3C5EAAFFFDEF41A4641FEC6C6FAEB18" box="[550,649,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Physeter</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="198A2A38FFDEF41A46F9FEC6C688EB19" box="[670,763,352,379]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,183,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[236,1449,159,1826]" captionTargetId="graphics-10@8.[236,1450,159,1825]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic comparisons of the periotic of MLP 76-IX-5-1, “Preaulophyseter gualichensis” Caviglia and Jorge, 1980 (A) with “Aulophyseter” rionegrensis (B), Acrophyseterdeinodon (C,modified from Lambert et al. 2016),Zygophyseter varolai (D,modified from Bianucci and Landini 2006),Aulophyseter morricei (E, modified from Kellogg 1927), Orycterocetus crocodilinus (F, modified from Kellogg 1965), and Physeter macrocephalus (G, modified from Kasuya 1973).In dorsal (A1–G1), ventral (A2–G2), medial (A3–G3), and lateral (A4–C4, E4–G4) views.Black areas indicate anatomical foramina.Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="70">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the physeteroid periotics studied here is the acute angle formed by the posterior process and the body of the periotic in the former, whereas our specimens display a right angle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |