346 lines
35 KiB
XML
346 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="709D89A3810185A10A70B424A369662F" ID-CLB-Dataset="34017" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c002c6d-4645-4928-8a0e-858297130aea" ID-PMC="PMC5345366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-659-1" ID-PubMed="28331414" ID-ZooBank="79A6393D802141B8BF1A2A3723AFECFB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-659-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 659" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera01" checkinTime="1488530971931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri & Bertani, Rogerio" docDate="2017" docId="DE8AB6332CDA169306ECF345073895AF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 659: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 659" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717" docTitle="Avicularia purpurea Kirk 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFA6FFBF3818FF9EFFA3775FFFB3FFB3" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1701375458449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="23306A29BAFD54197C8F6D6292973A41">Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) with description of three new aviculariine genera 01</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5D604D35E786A2AEF66F933DFE4CD81">Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E81C59729B4526E264BA48C90496735E">Bertani, Rogerio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E85C891E0183F115B89B68E922EEF730">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69D58692E1D85833BD3165F48693FB1E">
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<mods:date id="4ED22681AC87747CF77CDF7EC2088779">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:url id="0EC2EE6C7808052A7EA8C6A1BE1624BE">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="71BC9703012B8BED18080C15402C9C43">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="314DEB51271AD391ACBA4451F9E6A909" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.659.10717</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DE8AB6332CDA169306ECF345073895AF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127891196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE8AB6332CDA169306ECF345073895AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE8AB6332CDA169306ECF345073895AF" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="97CFC0793C34C80076EE2BB69351631D" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="69D217F411790F9B7B924AAE146A80F1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="28A2010D46B37307B1EBFE09112B810D" ID-CoL="5VZ8P" authority="Kirk, 1990" authorityName="Kirk" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990</taxonomicName>
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Figs 19, 105, 154-157, 158-165, 166-171, 172, 304
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F5FE4D8178D68A6697C12C07032F4F2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B1BDA08CF6500E122D8ABB782F2DB29A" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="005C57AB2F9B96A0D06070A47775966C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
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<pageBreakToken id="022EFD5F4AE155AAE23E6F86AED3DB90" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" start="start">Avicularia</pageBreakToken>
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purpurea
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</taxonomicName>
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Kirk, 1990: 15, figs 1-5 (holotype female, Ecuador, Tena [
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<geoCoordinate id="45ABD12C0E9F4ED0A91382CC07CAAB24" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.96666664">0°58'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5EBD672CF550C128F25946862973EF8D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.8">77°48'W</geoCoordinate>
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], approximately 500 m a.s.l., H. Hirschi col., 1989, BMNH 1990.5.22.1 and paratype female, Peru, H. Hirschi col., 1990, BMNH 1990.5.22.2; examined);
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<bibRefCitation id="2DF85EED0843E1510ABDF6579F6B272B" author="Bullmer, M" journalOrPublisher="Tarantulas of the World" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="3 - 17" title="Aviculariahirschii sp. n. (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae), eine neue Vogelspinnenart aus Ekuador." volume="124" year="2006">Bullmer et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 7, figs 16-19, 21;
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<bibRefCitation id="293F2A8AF636E5279109D6D610CC8B68" author="Wheeler, QD" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum, Bern" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" title="World Spider Catalog" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2016">World Spider Catalog 2016</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="929B9F8AC36AB3A946B9DA669E35AC57" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C6A5D159141E078282A9223B054D3873" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B473F055B1BF20D34B1696E63D1BCCC2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName id="D6D08DFC58D18343EAD23D525E19BED6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="DD5C33970533CDEC79D1B9EF883BCB9F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the spermathecae with weakly-sclerotized area at least same length of well-sclerotized area (Figs 154-157). They differ from
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<taxonomicName id="CB5B075A5E99549C9C418A508F7B4CC7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the velvety black abdomen as well as legs and palps with dark short body setae with very intense purple sheen (Figs 168, 170). Males of
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<taxonomicName id="1B14C74DBAD79B1DE095E79781BEA150" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
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resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="1EB54D20A724B87EBA48E06E9C4966D0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia avicularia" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicularia">Avicularia avicularia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D2AE750B858F9A07A11FC6415E7C921D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia rufa" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Avicularia rufa</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="52B221FDD35973B803929C39FDF66201" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia juruensis" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruensis">Avicularia juruensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="845BAA03DB385944FF5333025F1D86EB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Avicularia variegata</taxonomicName>
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stat. n.,
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<taxonomicName id="CA7235FBD6783A9812FFDC4EF5011AAC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia taunayi" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taunayi">Avicularia taunayi</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="D3DFDF84C007BEE33BF0E1222BB24333" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by tibial apophysis on leg I with well-developed base and grouped spiniform setae distally (Fig. 163). They can be distinguished from all these species except
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<taxonomicName id="D937983E5C59B91B333425E13FE99B4E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by cymbium lacking well-developed process on retrolateral lobe (Fig. 162). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="DBF1253E393F3112BCA9A722A725BC6F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia merianae" order="Araneae" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merianae">Avicularia merianae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by velvety black abdomen, and legs and palps with dark short body setae with very intense purple sheen (Figs 169, 171).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BA3FB9D3A8993C073B37BA436B218474" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BDB59617D2FDA987097737004D28513E" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material examinad.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EEE352B2D48B086B84F0A5045520D488" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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1 female, Ecuador, Napo, 20 km East of Puerto Napo,
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<normalizedToken id="7ACA897A66799BFCFA15C136AA4641BD" originalValue="Aliñahuí">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="15703F3B37A22EA5B6C3EF2BC76B81E2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0">1°0'S</geoCoordinate>
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, 77°25'O), 450 m, V. D. & B. Roth col., January 1994 (CAS 11); 1 male, Ecuador, Napo, 25 km East of Puerto Napo [
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<geoCoordinate id="0A6E2EF171A98E5F091B14AEFA46EAA2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0166667">1°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FDB03CF597A3438709A98127AB8730E7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.71667">77°43'W</geoCoordinate>
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], jungle
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<normalizedToken id="651021EB44C91B2D1A0DE627A0EA83AE" originalValue="Aliñahuí">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
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, 450 m, E. S. Ross col,
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<normalizedToken id="7BA68BCCA5E248CD5DE1836BA352C293" originalValue="January–February">January-February</normalizedToken>
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1991 (CAS 3).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAFFBF3024F1E2729DC22AA8F25FFE0A" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F19481716ED87B1BF3FD1D6A3A0AB59D" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E12D98E7B9BA46D5147B0C67A3DE5E2B" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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COLOMBIA: Putumayo: Mocoa [
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<geoCoordinate id="554539DF45C36D496EE24EFDFD90A3CA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.15">1°09'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="09388E508FC717FEC163BB1665DC5A06" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.65">76°39'W</geoCoordinate>
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], Vda. Pepino, 500 m asl, 1 female, T. Sanjuan col., 30 April 1997 (
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<normalizedToken id="8BDB5F5739761294264D97F471021764" originalValue="ICN–Ar-">ICN-Ar-</normalizedToken>
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1990); ECUADOR: Napo: Puerto Napo, 20 km East,
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<normalizedToken id="93864D42724CD893799EC7ABCFB4ED50" originalValue="Aliñahuí">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="1DB72AB2F5C17F6446BE2D2BFF3E274B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0">1°0'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="13E8F2680758E76AE5CB174316C89C7F" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.416664">77°25'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 450 m, 1 male, V. D. & B. Roth col., June 1994 (CAS 7); [1°01'S, 77°43'W], 1 male, V. Roth col., June 1994 (AMNH RW52);
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<normalizedToken id="C408DC892386A65905BEC502D5C191D6" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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||
Napo [
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||
<geoCoordinate id="3B081710D0080E2DE90B18D7569EBDD4" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.0">2°00'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="56085DBB68C5B3B1A324DD8987A7343E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.333336">74°20'W</geoCoordinate>
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], 1 female, Gerhard col., 1994 (IBSP 11597); Tena,
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<normalizedToken id="A1A768133A6D4641030A92F8DD8D3F84" originalValue="Cabañas">Cabanas</normalizedToken>
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||
<normalizedToken id="D8191D48BDBAFFE1B0E780766AF89459" originalValue="Aliñahui">Alinahui</normalizedToken>
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||
(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="DFF6DA30F2AA90256741A689534EAC82" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.0483333">1°02'54.00"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="85B563F5AAEAF73D57910CE12A5D1DBA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-77.60139">77°36'05.00"W</geoCoordinate>
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||
), 1 female, R. Baxter col., August 1994, in silk retreat on side of tree (AMNH RW54); PERU:
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<pageBreakToken id="95E8F03F23E9043087094D75A8E6B729" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" start="start">Loreto</pageBreakToken>
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||
: Iquitos, Rio Momon, Amazon Camp (
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<geoCoordinate id="D24204A3E7C4A265BF394F47FAC1BBD8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.6877778">3°41'16.00"S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="05A5863063F1BEA700CC98B84894B103" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-73.28001">73°16'48"W</geoCoordinate>
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), T. Mason col., May 1994 (AMNH RW33); 1 male, W. Lamar col., 20 August 1997 (MNRJ 06913);
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<normalizedToken id="9D63FC817B69129E651DFE148BCEA4CB" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Yarapa [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C9256A1F778C8DC3467F687EE12C2A98" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.5166664">4°31'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="99C04A92A786AB5DED233C8CB12FEAD4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.36667">73°22'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, R. C. West col., 16 November 1993, in a palm tree at night (AMNH RW44);
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||
<normalizedToken id="BBF41C5D0E113D6666F5AF467C421C71" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Nanay [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="01E8E640349F4755E2E7DF5386AED01B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.8">3°48'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="FB84585592D9E64972D8F9E3C83B02E3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.38333">73°23'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1 female, R. C. West col., 5 November 1993 (AMNH RW45); Ucayali
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<normalizedToken id="9D03B10022BCE4890F1A57E498671D51" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ucayali [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="13323D2CF27A792F3626CB866A0BBB50" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="25D5C4F3438CDD1A243327AFAA1CCF5D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.333336">74°20'W</geoCoordinate>
|
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], 1 female, R. C. West col., 14 November 1993, in silk retreat on a citrus tree (AMNH RW48).
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D7CD3C7695BD2F3997544A78F3B19018" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph id="0367D79C480DC76075FD2B3007D16534" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Female.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="797299811550E1ABC17C871CD85C968A" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Redescription.CAS. Carapace: 15.4 long, 14.02 wide, 3.98 high. Chelicera: 5.38 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 11.69, 7.20, 8.54, 7.25, 5.15, 39.83. II: 10.74, 6.84, 7.99, 7.13, 4.89, 37.59. III: 9.75, 5.93, 7.33, 7.15, 4.42, 34.58. IV: 12.08, 6.47, 10.14, 9.51, 4.31, 42.51. Palp: 8.10, 5.10, 4.72, -, 5.41, 23.33. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD916B55D1317237B4A320CCAF79CD54" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.81, 3.08, 3.07, 2.90, palp= 2.38; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE8F586B112A6B0AD00126342983EB65" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.95, 2.70, 2.87, 2.98, palp= 2.57; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FBA842BD7ED1337BFEC65F19DB89F5A4" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.39, 2.30, 2.56, 2.82, palp= 2.49; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="02FDECA2433A679CCBA5C44164D06A42" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.92, 1.72, 1.86, 1.71; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD4C2B09FFD85D022E18CC5CF6B35527" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.18, 2.19, 2.01, 2.13, palp= 2.36. Abdomen: 19.26 long, 13.62 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.81 long, 1.19 wide, 1.07 apart; PLS, 2.28 basal, 1.09 middle, 2.74 distal; midwidths 2.38, 1.78, 1.41, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39AA5747109C744D7BE13D5D47A30225" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Carapace: 1.10 times longer than wide; cephalic region moderately raised, thoracic striae conspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39477ADD4458AF07208E2E63A5B77804" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Fovea: deep, recurve, 2.03 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="949879DAD7146E6016D47095E457B646" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Eyes: eye tubercle 1.17 high, 2.21 long, 3.43 wide. Clypeus 0.12. Anterior row of eye procurve. Posterior row of eyes slightly recurve. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.75, ALE 0.72, PME 0.27, PLE 0.62,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D63563F053F37798C79CFC4D5D42C1BD" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCB5D8C2EAA3A49C2DBB5BD39CDA735C" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.47,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84EB7D963A4DCCC2F9CBAF9E6DC3D55F" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24255E4F5EA64E75977D99C31ED953D8" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.19,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A024D2A4B634D1420B270195A82E8DEC" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.63,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EAB8020F2C5C036028DE63E1F6B912CE" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.06,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6289789758EF1263F545EC91BA059A65" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.23,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6238CD85DE39F012292C7AAF3CE1EA8E" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.67,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="06B99CFBAE99B45810ECEFD1121FDA09" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85EF5570229CAD68408D6BE39E472207" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.67.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0E4F03350DE2CFF4956415FF7F503F9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Maxilla length to width: 1.89. Cuspules: 100-200 spread over ventral inner heel. Labium: 2.03 long, 2.46 wide, with 108 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on anterior half. Labio-sternal groove shallow and flattened, sigilla not evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="778F1FE22A25442D9B2E93A0AEB15B88" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Chelicera: basal segment with 14 teeth and some small teeth on promargin. Sternum: 7.56 long, 6.27 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, elipsoidal posterior, in 45°angle, less than one diameter from margin; fusiform median, less than one diameter from margin; anterior not evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D382D65F0D178C7933DC5C83865D55D2" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Legs: Formula: IV=I II III. Length leg IV to leg I: 1.07. Clavate trichobothria: distal 1/2 of tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A773AF416C171A9401655C353A16449" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Scopula: Tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5BAF046068F31389CA5B96CBC05A7C15" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate, IV divided by a wide band of setae. Metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EE8BE5B8F2B50AC55ADC038C999C0108" originalValue="I–II">I-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
fully scopulate; III on distal 2/3; IV, on distal 1/3. IV divided by wide band of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59D8F9117287AF81DAEEFFB64A8346E9" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Type II urticating setae: 0.53-0.58 long, 0.011-0.014 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A6CF39928358BBDADC787C0883763D69" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Spermathecae (Fig. 154): two completely separated, not-twisted long spermathecae, with walls lacking projections or lobes and accentuated outwards curvature medially. Midwidth as wide as its base width and weakly-sclerotized area at least same length of well-sclerotized area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7F9B2E1676ACC262F49396AFF5BD57F" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Color pattern (Figs 168): carapace brown with golden short body setae with very intense purple sheen. Carapace border with long setae the same color as dorsal cara
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8CBB70746B0AD243D5E49950FE40108E" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" start="start">pace</pageBreakToken>
|
||
short body setae. Coxae, labium, sternum and maxillae brown, with the same color of ventral femora. All ventral parts, specially sternum, covered by longer setae. Legs and palps with brown short body setae with very intense purple sheen and brown long guard-setae. Leg rings on distal femora, tibiae and metatarsi whitish. Abdomen dorsum with long brown guard-setae homogeneously distributed and black short body setae, with velvety aspect (Fig. 304). Abdomen venter brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1604202FA3E8D7A4B341AA82CA35A276" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="CE4F7043FE9543D14C4DA143C4626587" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figures 154-157.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92EBD9E6DD78FA022F33F4E3302EE611" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk, 1990, spermathecae variation. 154 Puerto Napo, department of Napo, Ecuador (CAS 11) 155 Tena, department of Napo, Ecuador (AMNH RW54) 156 holotype, Tena, department of Napo, Ecuador (BMNH 1990.5.22.1) 157 Iquitos, department of Loreto, Peru (AMNH RW33). Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="53F240744C9C926589781BCBF6B8EE78" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="D668872C4F1FAB88EFB9D5D8C1C11CC7" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figures 158-165.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCE72782DE7EFCF5F178B153B943DDE4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk, 1990, male (CAS 3; except palpal bulb in prolateral view, CAS 7). 158-161 left palpal bulb 158 prolateral 159 retrolateral 160 frontal 161 dorsal 162 left cymbium, dorsal 163-165 left tibial apophysis of leg I 163 prolateral 164 ventral 165 retrolateral. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20B299C82B3276BDC5AD41F544FCB2F5" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="male">
|
||
<paragraph id="A6E5457FA08ABB4C23CBCAB6736AC443" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3054CDB3D2C6741293EA68B66E369D" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8834F4477B3C28F77F6E811E191BA2E" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
CAS. Carapace: 11.98 long, 10.74 wide, 2.85 high. Chelicera: 3.79 long. Legs (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 12.59, 6.43, 9.70, 9.13, 5.68, 43.53. II: 11.82, 5.86, 9.35, 8.78, 5.18, 40.99. III: 10.47, 5.26, 8.36, 8.54, 4.77, 37.40. IV: 13.16, 5.27, 11.04, 11.25, 4.68, 45.40. Palp: 6.97, 4.35, 5.55, -, 2.32, 19.15. Midwidths: femora
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85DDEE0BECC74562C9CE517D3E7649BE" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.08, 2.49, 2.18, 2.20, palp= 1.71; patellae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8E3AB94239B7C5FC9DD978A8C5694FC7" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 2.22, 2.21, 2.15, 2.28, palp= 1.68; tibiae
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0EFB9D5D04F7304C09D3F1B1CB9F2A5D" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.64, 1.73, 1.86, 1.89, palp= 1.65; metatarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5827770FF23F5150C1B7E9603616A979" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.35, 1.31, 1.25, 1.23; tarsi
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90E38E32E32CE12BBB754CC5715C8F87" originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
|
||
= 1.63, 1.58, 1.65, 1.53, palp= 1.69. Abdomen: 13.09 long, 7.88 wide. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.57 long, 0.79 wide, 0.29 apart; PLS, 2.00 basal, 1.12 middle, 2.78 distal; midwidths 1.42, 1.29, 0.92, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA8DE1EBCACAB225E82B4109214E5BF1" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">As in female, except:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A738C91AD5E855BFAE5E7A21F5FAF97" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Carapace: 1.12 times longer than wide; cephalic region not raised, thoracic striae inconspicuous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CAD28A06A690B48FA455B52B23187F15" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fovea: straight, 1.14 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2BFC74342219F10F0AE9B06336C1B0CA" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Eyes: eye tubercle 0.60 high, 1.73 long, 2.54 wide. Clypeus 0.30. Eye size and interdistances: AME 0.58, ALE 0.67, PME 0.22, PLE 0.42,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1391CE64671E0CA6951C30A9499624D1" originalValue="AME–AME">AME-AME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.48,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C3FA58B1D969ED311BF3763017CCBA0" originalValue="AME–ALE">AME-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.36,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A24FC939B4231BD8E6275611716405EB" originalValue="AME–PME">AME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.20,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="766C63FD68C35DD64E479A37374F9DBF" originalValue="ALE–ALE">ALE-ALE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.66,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDB86B8B39D784FD246FD0BD40F5E139" originalValue="ALE–PME">ALE-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.74,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A34C20D42C914BBF73492F5738DC2331" originalValue="PME–PME">PME-PME</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.52,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="58EEFAFC52EC1028BB96614B9F6EF182" originalValue="PME–PLE">PME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C0187E347A23235B66B298A19914B1F9" originalValue="PLE–PLE">PLE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.95,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D436BF7AAAB2302E1EDA84B1BA5696E7" originalValue="ALE–PLE">ALE-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.40,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF33963CE2D2C9F506354F1D5AFF1C55" originalValue="AME–PLE">AME-PLE</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.43.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B17C651EEF84BD0092D809479AF65559" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Maxilla: length to width: 2.07. Labium: 1.33 long, 1.92 wide, with 120 cuspules spaced by one diameter from each other on the anterior half.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91E095C44BF4FB5B1868EB4A110D0E1A" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Chelicera: basal segment with 11 teeth and some small teeth on promargin. Sternum: 5.78 long, 4.81 wide. Sigilla: three pairs, posterior and median rounded, large, less than one diameter from margin; anterior not evident.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9C6BBEB1F65C91A91FE86E8C5773D36" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Legs: Length leg IV to leg I: 1.04. Scopula: Metatarsi IV scopulate in distal 1/4. IV divided by band of setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B2CA7C55678308192F1F3AAE335B066" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Type II urticating setae: 0.78-0.83 long, 0.015-0.017 wide.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3203E28581C087906820CB83193EB752" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Palp (Figs 158-161): globous bulb with small subtegulum and developed prominence on tegulum. Embolus: not flattened, lacking keels, 3.5 long in retrolateral view, about 3.0 times
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2594D475FC979C6BA69E46F75ABDADE7" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
length. Medial portion and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BFAE462947BA9ECF52E573756120DE55" originalValue="tegulum’s">tegulum's</normalizedToken>
|
||
margin form an acute angle in retrolateral view. Proximal part very curved in frontal view; thin distal width, tapering distally; basal, middle, and distal width 0.68, 0.18, 0.05, respectively. Tegulum: 1.96 long, 1.66 high in retrolateral view. Cymbium subtriangular with subequal lobes, lacking well-developed process on retrolateral lobe (Fig. 162).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A70A4ECB23968A97C74CA0969AF9D69B" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Tibial apophysis (Figs 163-165): single branch on prolateral leg I, with well-developed base and grouped spiniform setae distally. Male metatarsus I touches retrolaterally tibial
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C091AA0CA120B00B4C3AA7D81ADED998" originalValue="apophysis’">apophysis'</normalizedToken>
|
||
setae when folded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F9E80C03556983ED4A38AE5E64B48881" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB911D9AAD9D11CC2E8B673FCD1ABC35" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Figures 166-171.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21E6971F8EE45B531376BF72ACBB04C7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk, 1990, habitus and retreat. 166 silken retreat over tree bark 167 immature 168-169 northern form, from Tena, Ecuador 168 female 169 male 170-171 southern form, from Rio Momon, Peru 170 female 171 male. Photos: 166, 168, 170 R. C. West; 167 R. Bertani; 169 R. Baxter; 171 W. Lamar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C99AB45E4E0A4F4848EB6A8C529AE85F" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="color pattern ontogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA6942058799E3442B996FEED590FBA8" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Color pattern ontogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3D5A68019256FCAFC14EBBAD803A2D47" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Juveniles present green metallic sheen, all articles with blackish color and abdomen dorsum with central longitudinal black stripe connected
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4747491B60657EDE12059EB332C1CB4F" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
|
||
all transversal black stripes of each side (Fig. 167). When mature, both males and females lose this pattern (Figs 168-171).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2E5AA095A3784FAAC3F034C401BDA45" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="E29068AABE0C742054CC473189ACA52C" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C4E812B19F115A67557FC0101E9B641" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
We found two different morphotypes among the examined material (Fig. 172). The northern form is the same
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A9C85E819D14BAF038F8EE7B401B12E" originalValue="holotype’s">holotype's</normalizedToken>
|
||
morphotype (Figs 168-169). The southern form has very discrete grizzled setae in palps and legs, and less intense purple sheen in short body setae of carapace, legs, and palps (Figs 170-171). Females of the southern form have abdomen with light brown guard-setae homogeneously distributed, with a couple of reddish brown lateral stripes until penultimate or ultimate molt, distinct from the velvety black dorsal abdomen of the northern morphotype. Males from southern and northern form showed no morphological difference among them (Figs 169, 171).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="991CE21089470A8182B3EF185EFFA951" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6081901A9ECE28D4D3EB19CF067E88BC" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0961DB1A242F949EA31D5B187B0AA611" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Fig. 105).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9918A4A51812A48C31141B89D50E1F57" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9D1F9A593B0E3F744A43CC00F7581F9" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Figure 172. Map showing records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F12C7FDD80EDC2FA7ECCF53431613C50" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avicularia purpurea" order="Araneae" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">Avicularia purpurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirk, 1990 morphotypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B9A233C811F0086E97CB89F41FE705C4" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="63958EA62C6965FB817AF7AF1D5ECF84" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D49332189BA38ADE3BB873F2EF32EC10" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Specimens were found in anthrophized areas, such as cultivated areas and cattle pastures with dispersed trees, near Tena, Ecuador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EFA2BCF68832BFC844A2DF01926B1EB" author="Kirk, P" journalOrPublisher="The British Tarantula Society Journal" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="15 - 19" title="Aviculariapurpurea, a new species of theraphosid spider from Ecuador." volume="6" year="1990">Kirk 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They are arboreals, making their retreats in tree holes, epiphytes, and inside houses and other human constructions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A6E219E29BCD3B3B981DB3FEFC8A159" author="Kirk, P" journalOrPublisher="The British Tarantula Society Journal" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="15 - 19" title="Aviculariapurpurea, a new species of theraphosid spider from Ecuador." volume="6" year="1990">Kirk 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens of the southern form were found in natural cavities of living palms or citrus-like trees in open forested fringes or in gallery forest areas (Rick West, pers. comm.). They use bark and organic debris to camouflage the partially exposed webbed retreat, which lies about 25 cm from soil (Rick West, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |