treatments-xml/data/DB/1E/1B/DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF.xml
2024-06-21 12:54:08 +02:00

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<mods:title id="061CA7EC34086BCF0F22F304D577047B">The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79A220F5BA6AB218F51C17CECF0F3DCA">Longino, J. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D90B457FA5A38D11D52D36CA390F8351">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:identifier id="E96FB61F2085F0C8C0C570466147B9AD" type="ZooBank">9813210B-5B9F-4FDE-86DD-3AE55166EC9C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6274993" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100126145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6274993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF" lastPageNumber="40" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="C02CEC975841797BDEFC981320234CC3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A66F7D6457852CC3FC106930826D4422" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="C5A4BD27722B7CEDB71681621290592A" ID-CoL="ZBL5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr</taxonomicName>
1878
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0C7A5E18C7AB13323A4CA650ADB8CF15" type="description">
<paragraph id="07384779CA4EC595D412451262F0187B" pageNumber="37">Figure 4, Plate 1</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FC762D93A906F58F677C30E6CAE92F8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C40289D5FA15FD14739E09CDE070B906" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="FF689946C32D0193D3ECF2CBC16DBF0C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr</taxonomicName>
, 1878:875.
<materialsCitation id="D516EEE111F46855E315782A635DD09E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481368" collectionCode="NMW" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.8" location="Prainha" longitude="-53.483334" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="Syntype, Lectotype">
<typeStatus id="471AD651CBFF1ACED0F9CF6D4A4E62F7">Syntype</typeStatus>
workers:
<collectingCountry id="B81CAAC373A0AD558352D316F49951A2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<normalizedToken id="5458B1E4F3BF68CBF53C60453BDEBA55" originalValue="Pará">
<collectingRegion id="EEECF553514745F0C18D8D403A1CCD0B">Para</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
,
<location id="107A9F8ACF22AF7234FEDDF8DFD9053F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:107A9F8ACF22AF7234FEDDF8DFD9053F" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.8" longitude="-53.483334" name="Prainha" stateProvince="Para">Prainha</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3422A13D51CF1FA98533DB7FA8658173" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-1.8">1°48'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6FCBA41F0F8CEF14098AB36D19256DD4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-53.483334">53°29'W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="04C19032DA0DE87592C5C442F8FDB722" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Tococa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">Tococa guianensis Aubl.</taxonomicName>
(Trail #5)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="95A828748ECF77BA3E893BB46CCA7AC3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481380" collectionCode="NMW" country="Brazil" latitude="-0.96666664" location="Barcelos" longitude="-62.95" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="Syntype">
<collectingCountry id="FEC484107AFD888363AC2BF565EBE912">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="0D9468FBBFE5696E745BBCEF0FEB8ED8">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="94BECD0805024909F3165E6D2A2F3B01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:94BECD0805024909F3165E6D2A2F3B01" country="Brazil" latitude="-0.96666664" longitude="-62.95" name="Barcelos" stateProvince="Amazonas">Barcelos</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9957027104A42183D77420407AC5F583" direction="south" orientation="latitude" value="-0.96666664">0°58'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="967354CFC019280BFFD09551C73FBC75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-62.95">62°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, on
<taxonomicName id="14151B8B687F14E38CB2E6AF00A5FC62" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Clidemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tococoidea">Clidemia tococoidea (DC.) Gleason</taxonomicName>
(Trail #27) [type data from Benson and Setz 1985] [
<collectionCode id="0E6E86C14919D928431FFB878F7CF8C7" collectionName="Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien">NMW</collectionCode>
] (examined, Trail #5 worker here designated LECTOTYPE)
</materialsCitation>
. Forel, 1912:217: description of queen. Emery, 1922:136: combination in
<taxonomicName id="EA6BAB99403F975352B6DB18ECE199CD" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4A1950F93E7F3621C9DAD98F5B25430" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="A7855E372EB80FC2D8460110A4D62060" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata r. ludio Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="limata" subSpecies="ludio">Crematogaster limata r. ludio Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1912:217.
<materialsCitation id="35FB9AEA92B7CBE6330C3722218DB5D1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481400" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Diaz da Rocha" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="Syntype">
<typeStatus id="173A93F40E881993479D40D24EDE7F82">Syntype</typeStatus>
workers:
<collectingCountry id="91021BA902407DDD8A390D394914FEBA">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="7D28FFFB40CF12E386CB502C7E4D90F2">Ceara</collectingRegion>
(
<collectorName id="C7715EF7DAFA9F2F8DCF85DA4F25CDFA">Diaz da Rocha</collectorName>
) [
<collectionCode id="60CA62BFE0EA97D7AD0F5861646AF350" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
(examined). Wheeler, W.M. 1921b:151: description of queen. Emery, 1922:136: combination in
<taxonomicName id="A4CC29F9E754224E9134CC4F26EF11A5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
. Forel, 1913:233: variety of
<taxonomicName id="6E96E1A55D2B6AE42D2DD91C0669F1A5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59FF557CFEF2E503446452997C69E4DF">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EE147BACF4964A1934CD4852F863F7F3" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="ADF5C11D66E66C389DC83FDF21CD3AE6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28079" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster armandi Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armandi">Crematogaster armandi Forel</taxonomicName>
, 1921: 208.
<materialsCitation id="4CF91B189997316AC0D2EF321D5314B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481355" collectingMethod="from an orchid pseudobulb" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Chodat from Moore" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Matto Grosso" typeStatus="Syntype">
<typeStatus id="83332372D6E74CBDB9115BD2C217D71B">Syntype</typeStatus>
worker, queen:
<collectingCountry id="3F41C41DB9C189FAE6B2840CEC0F0778">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="32743737A38FC1192B15F71A5875120E">Matto Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMethod id="F44960886A84C663D2D7013CB9435C53">from an orchid pseudobulb</collectingMethod>
(
<collectorName id="3A3EC5758D93EC4E4AA550C3ECCCEB87">Chodat from Moore</collectorName>
) [
<collectionCode id="E0EBA8697AE8EC03FBF139148667147D" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
(examined). Kempf, 1972: 84: combination in
<taxonomicName id="C3810CAEB5FE49A6EE69F89E152BE98F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183852" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Orthocrema">C. (Orthocrema)</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9E93A7BEEA4789430B54A6C4D5BF5BD5">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7B3005053769C97C1FB8AEB6BC44447D" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="5F5E611A440A98E3FA55FC48034ECB6A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Eucrema) inca Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca" subGenus="Eucrema">Crematogaster (Eucrema) inca Wheeler, W.M.</taxonomicName>
1925:27.
<materialsCitation id="40D9016AE4371B0942773FB2ACEEDFFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481388" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="Holmgren" country="Peru" location="Chaquimayo" typeStatus="Syntype">
<typeStatus id="77320D55605CD245E49CED4EA2D8B908">Syntype</typeStatus>
worker:
<collectingCountry id="2A3E2DC3A9CEA32931EBDE4162969115">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="79D7782E09ECE6B20F84B72262D413BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:79D7782E09ECE6B20F84B72262D413BC" country="Peru" name="Chaquimayo">Chaquimayo</location>
(
<collectorName id="5BF46A1718D3A027D29D79889EBE3141">Holmgren</collectorName>
) [
<collectionCode id="6E13F9FB08A32BABA676E599F46E4D66" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZC</collectionCode>
, possibly also Royal Museum of Stockholm]
</materialsCitation>
.
<taxonomicNameLabel id="36FA02B5925FFA89992990854376FE68">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="95C48E53115B322EAC3FD4F87878D13C" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="5B50C5649A3F42D88622027FF2D5C7F2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:228556" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Orthocrema) brasiliensis cocciphila Borgmeier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="brasiliensis" subGenus="Orthocrema" variety="cocciphila">Crematogaster (Orthocrema) brasiliensis var. cocciphila Borgmeier</taxonomicName>
, 1934:102.
<materialsCitation id="4AF787B41AA0CB00A16970E1F16D8758" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481378" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="Bunzli" country="Surinam" location="Paramaribo" stateProvince="Paramaribo" typeStatus="Holotype, Paratypes">
<typeStatus id="FF99F385CE2C5C6B16E65C6DF37668CD">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker,
<typeStatus id="720560309666F7FC5F9BB03A3A65E542">paratype</typeStatus>
workers, queen:
<collectingCountry id="1DAC91440201552FAB782360D9ED0E7B">Surinam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="00AC271510C14A55A9EF4E1B03110B77">Paramaribo</collectingRegion>
, common ants visiting especially the inflorescences of various plants, also tending coccids (
<collectorName id="F43391BE00FBEA74E15E9BEF7746CD19">Bunzli</collectorName>
) [
<collectionCode id="1A2A0B99B3A22DE8F24C3FB550B46FF7" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo">MZSP</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
(examined).
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5D45602C73EF3AB463788EA08C7C006A">NEW SYNONYMY</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="405584852F93A182D3C0673A041F95CB" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="79FE460F6C872460AED98950C2F3F9E3" pageNumber="37">Range</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19B694DA896BDC28C1DB03CEE4AA5192" pageNumber="37">Nicaragua to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="331C2E561579D1A64CA41D9F69F37BAE" type="description">
<paragraph id="4CA4AD814D0D5F676D0A5E6BB02C1B0B" pageNumber="38">Description of worker (Costa Rica)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E95458B07C2F14200E59C5B792580BF" pageNumber="38">Color red brown; workers monomorphic in size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF5CABF0A520F6975BED33CAAFFAEB9B" pageNumber="38">Mandibles smooth and shining; clypeus varying from feebly striate, with 5 or more longitudinal carinulae, to nearly smooth and shining; head about as long as wide, subquadrate, with broadly convex sides and flat to weakly emarginate posterior border; antenna with terminal two segments enlarged to form a club, third segment from end somewhat enlarged, blurring distinction between two and three-segmented club; scapes with abundant long erect setae; when scapes laid back from antennal insertions, they surpass margin of vertex; face largely smooth and shining, with variable extent of striated region between antennal insertion and eye, and whorled above antennal insertion; face covered with abundant long flexuous white setae, no appressed pubescence; in face view abundant setae project from lateral and posterior margins.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA33F6FDC4E21C3E6E69CDE85805D1D2" pageNumber="38">Promesonotum in profile somewhat flattened dorsally, short anterior face of pronotum rises to dorsal face, dorsal faces of pronotum and mesonotum subequal in length, horizontal, forming single flat surface or meeting at a slightly produced angle, dorsal and posterior faces of mesonotum meeting at distinct angle, posterior face dropping to propodeal suture; propodeal suture deep in dorsal view but obscured in profile due to lateral carinulae that bridge the suture; lateral carinulae often with minute triangular tooth at propodeal suture; propodeal spines medium length, projecting posteriorly; in lateral view propodeum appears to have distinct dorsal and posterior faces because profile is horizontal from propodeal suture onto propodeal spines, but medially there is a single declivity from propodeal suture to petiolar insertion; pronotal dorsum with variably developed longitudinal carinulae, strongest laterally, becoming weaker medially, interspaces smooth and shining, in some cases almost entirely smooth and shining with no carinulae; anterodorsal face of mesonotum with weak, subparallel lateral carinae, these continue onto posterodorsal face as stronger carinae that converge posteriorly, interspace concave, smooth and shining; propodeal declivity smooth and shining; side of pronotum smooth and shining; katepisternum weakly to distinctly punctate or punctatorugose; side of propodeum very faintly sculptured; mesosomal dorsum with abundant long flexuous white setae, setae on pronotal humeri longest; femora and tibiae with abundant long erect setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0D1D75D7D7CA232A39B65B5452DB29DC" pageNumber="38">
Petiole in side view elongate, trapezoidal, weakly punctate to nearly smooth; anteroventral margin with a short right angle to somewhat rounded tooth; posterior ring-like aperture that receives postpetiole large, dorsal margin at nearly same level as posterolateral lobes of dorsal face when petiole viewed in profile with ventral margin horizontal (in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="AB30C6E9D611E8C4AF9C27AAEA64E781" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183063" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster tenuicula Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicula">tenuicula</taxonomicName>
, in which posterior aperture is smaller and posterolateral lobes of dorsal face are distinctly higher than dorsal margin of aperture); dorsal face of petiole smooth and shining, elongate, widest posteriorly, regularly tapering anteriorly, with long flexuous setae along posterior border; postpetiole with distinct, subacute, short anteroventral tooth, globular in dorsal view, with abundant erect setae; fourth abdominal tergite smooth and shining, with abundant long flexuous erect white setae, no appressed pubescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C040B1CBA86775F6597F2B044C062226" pageNumber="39">Variation</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2CD89A2108129E8645DFE7161DF9943" pageNumber="39">The most striking variation is in worker size polymorphism. In South America various degrees of size polymorphism occur, and collections from Amazonian Brazil can be strongly polymorphic. The small workers are similar to specimens from Central America, while the large workers have heads wider than long, the scapes do not surpass the vertex margin, and the mesonotum is produced dorsally, projecting above the pronotum.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61541CEB1E48557AEEA61859B71A8C15" pageNumber="39">Other morphological characters vary discordantly across the range. The petiole in side view is relatively long and low in Central America, becoming shorter in South America. Specimens from South America often have longer propodeal spines, the spines may be somewhat elevated, and the dorsal face of the propodeum may be longer and more differentiated from the posterior face.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67EC77C17E90DC6AB4DF35E15455197D" pageNumber="39">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B38FD90306AB12F7A261637C11A9D19" pageNumber="39">HL 0.646, 0.601, 0.897; HW 0.713, 0.642, 1.026; HC 0.665, 0.594, 0.995; SL 0.657, 0.622, 0.798; EL 0.165, 0.163, 0.207; A11L 0.284; A11W 0.118; A10L 0.149; A10W 0.086; A09L 0.074; A09W 0.057; A08L 0.067; A08W 0.044; WL 0.740, 0.723, 1.092; SPL 0.151, 0.135, 0.198; PTH 0.140, 0.125, 0.227; PTL 0.248, 0.264, 0.354; PTW 0.170, 0.154, 0.259; PPL 0.186, 0.133, 0.215; PPW 0.168, 0.145, 0.248; CI 110, 107, 114; OI 26, 27, 23; SI 102, 103, 89; PTHI 56, 47, 64; PTWI 69, 58, 73; PPI 90, 109, 115; SPI 20, 19, 18; ACI 1.61.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="85AD9F476E06408BC97EECDC976ABE8B" pageNumber="39">Queen (Costa Rica)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43132F2D62E21CDECF42FD9566527FA" pageNumber="39">A normal queen (dorsal face of propodeum drops steeply from postscutellum and much of propodeum appears ventral to scutellum and postscutellum, Fig. 1) with general shape, sculpture, and pilosity characters of the worker; size characters as in Figures 4 and 5.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5F0531CF234EA0CD379AA6EE60F918C6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1C0A61D6FD18F695FF54E0B655B14968" pageNumber="39">Biology</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07592FB2B1B245C3E37472B62C91D594" pageNumber="39">
This species prefers lowland wet to moist forest habitats, and may occur in mature forest or second growth vegetation. In Costa Rica and other northern Neotropical sites that I have visited, two other
<taxonomicName id="CF2BBE34E385AF9E3D35A96DC8062180" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata</taxonomicName>
group species,
<taxonomicName id="D019F034789216DBD7028D4EE5EFEF6D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FEB1F1E65866651E479061B09DB41A58" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28121" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster carinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">carinata</taxonomicName>
, are usually much more abundant. For example, at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica,
<taxonomicName id="9B5806ACC59F68258DD002B7D877AAE8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28121" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster carinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">carinata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ED8BA04E5FFD9BB2CAB8C72B70533B8A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="836704B11C16751F35D4CB45E3B2E0C3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
occurred in 24, 11, and 4 fogging events, respectively, out of a total of 52 (Longino et al. 2002).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2930700BD9005ABA9BCC971C9B80ABB" pageNumber="39">Foragers may be encountered during the day or at night. They are generalized omnivores, recruiting to protein or carbohydrate baits and visiting extrafloral nectaries.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57719942A0F9087C654DE60374C114F0" lastPageNumber="40" pageNumber="39">
The species is a generalized cavity nester, most often nesting in dead branches or dead vine stems that are lodged in low vegetation. It may also nest occasionally in live stems and in myrmecophytes such as
<taxonomicName id="0FAA3B6FE22BB154DEC112E36FF17929" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cordiaceae" genus="Cordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosa">Cordia nodosa</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6D108CEE2C4AD0F5C598F024C4DCDA9A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Triplaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Triplaris</taxonomicName>
, but its nesting in these cavities appears to be opportunistic rather than any specialized preference. Workers may build small amounts of thin, brittle carton that cover or restrict nest entrances. Colonies may be polydomous, and aggregations of workers and brood may be found in ephemeral cavities such as beneath aroid leaves appressed to trunks and beneath bark flaps. Most often nests contain only workers and brood, but I have twice found nests with workers, brood, and a single physogastric queen, suggesting monogyny.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DDCD8593C054244290554E9D363F5E33" pageNumber="40">
One of these nests was in an elongate scar on the trunk of a small understory tree (
<taxonomicName id="46ED1B037F43E30B330FB968DCCD0533" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Erythrochiton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindenii">Erythrochiton lindenii</taxonomicName>
, Rutaceae). The scar was covered with thin, brittle, mud-like carton. I found one physogastric queen among the workers and brood, and a thorough search did not reveal any other reproductives.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E35579904C8E397DBD2AB5FD311FEE1" pageNumber="40">
Another nest was in a live stem of a large-stemmed shrub in the Asteraceae. The trailside herb had stems that had been extensively hollowed out by a stem-boring lepidopteran larva, and one of the stems had been cut by machete, leaving a 13mm diameter, exposed, necrotic end. A
<taxonomicName id="905527B41F94E7D5D1DE5588DD64267F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
nest occupied the cavity in this cut stem, and the workers had constructed a carton baffle over the cut end. The large lumen was almost completely closed by carton, except for a small entrance hole just large enough for workers.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="406B62853436E951D4AF1B763AFA2272" pageNumber="40">
Colonies may be subject to parasitism by
<taxonomicName id="EDD7D343579678CB97E22AA00CF9D99A" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
(Syrphidae). One nest I collected at La Selva Biological Station contained three large
<taxonomicName id="ED6847E22DF6869338E3D1A700B133E2" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Microdon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Microdon</taxonomicName>
larvae in addition to workers and brood.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="22DAEA2FDB8E288CCB7F7C9829DE5B03" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="27AA686B93C232ED5A387B193A05F078" pageNumber="40">Comments</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C3AB25893DFB8ADF77CF59081DFEDA9" pageNumber="40">
Species in the
<taxonomicName id="F0504FB49676C8AABCA8B63E69DC234C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata</taxonomicName>
complex (
<taxonomicName id="EFE2952F0C49FC7FD3DEAB484EBA8CF3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="21373CD2A7C6AE14E9B746BDEF2BEDD5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28121" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster carinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">carinata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A16326DB0820E8DBA3BE2189D7976BC8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">limata</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EC0E480B90F56BC4F8CC865F78ED1D6F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183063" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster tenuicula Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicula">tenuicula</taxonomicName>
in Costa Rica) all have abundant erect flexuous setae on the face, moderate length to short propodeal spines that are directed posteriorly, and elongate tapering petioles. The four species can be difficult to separate. They differ primarily in the nature of the ventral processes of the petiole and postpetiole.
<taxonomicName id="FB930A67BB8950EA8828C994D787C09D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Crematogaster brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
has distinct anteroventral processes on both the petiole and postpetiole.
<taxonomicName id="EE74A5776E962FE84C8C92F4FF230DE9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">Crematogaster limata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2F2032EA29B1CFF247F07E86A8F65E7B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28121" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster carinata Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">carinata</taxonomicName>
lack postpetiolar processes. In Costa Rica,
<taxonomicName id="5B1184B51140BE900533B943C0C9990A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="663301AE2809601F0C917EC7B62F9B0D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183063" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster tenuicula Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicula">tenuicula</taxonomicName>
are relatively distinct because
<taxonomicName id="B7B00D8C434C4EF6A7F09CEEC6D39322" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:183063" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster tenuicula Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicula">tenuicula</taxonomicName>
lacks an anteroventral petiolar process and the petiole is higher and more triangular in side view. These two species converge and become more difficult to distinguish in South America.
<taxonomicName id="3D01C163867F1E4B9404626FAECE01A7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">Crematogaster brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
may also be confused with
<taxonomicName id="B05AF997738DD5C67B3D9D5F6C24548B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster foliocrypta Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliocrypta">foliocrypta</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="8F6BFE3EDCB8BACA57998EB4023E5350" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:182985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster foliocrypta Longino" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foliocrypta">foliocrypta</taxonomicName>
has appressed rather than erect tibial pilosity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F6F4AF445083C6E1838F7B36A8BD03D" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="1B963B2A7C4C173327D4A6551F2F53CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481379" collectorName="P. S. Ward" country="Brazil" location="Manaus" specimenCode=" 9140" stateProvince="Amazonas">
I was able to compare the syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="6ABE9FE683B30562B10125A1ECBEB74F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
directly with a collection from a
<taxonomicName id="798483F207FC912BBD4676FDF817E3B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cordiaceae" genus="Cordia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosa">Cordia nodosa</taxonomicName>
plant near
<location id="D5A3A387FE2DDD6B8C0FF968254D2988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:D5A3A387FE2DDD6B8C0FF968254D2988" name="Manaus">Manaus</location>
(
<collectorName id="E7B05C672FEF7A2FBE66E3B54CA5E754">P. S. Ward</collectorName>
<specimenCode id="681F1B6CC47499EB348FF6B4EAA572E3">#9140</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
This nest series exhibited size polymorphism and the syntypes matched the smaller workers. The measurements for the lectotype were HL 0.68, HW 0.81, SL 0.69.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6CA78C8C12EE3C5DBA6B4C4B383E7AF7" pageNumber="40">
I have not been able to examine the types of
<taxonomicName id="CAF212514BA5242DDFBA688CD804561E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149036" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis arawak Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="arawak">Crematogaster brasiliensis arawak Weber</taxonomicName>
, 1938:208. The original description is insufficient to place
<taxonomicName id="CDA349C2C497AC3D9928F1B98579F3BA" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149036" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis arawak Weber" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="arawak">arawak</taxonomicName>
among the various species related to
<taxonomicName id="78B49FC4F6B2D1AC8732B43C73756442" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28283" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster limata Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limata">C. limata</taxonomicName>
.
<materialsCitation id="DA223CEE789E078FFFE2D79546952DB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058481392" collectionCode="MCZC" country="Peru" location="Chaquimayo (labeled: Callanga)" typeStatus="cotype">
I examined a &quot;
<typeStatus id="23F1CCCF841EA95D3858693CD8CAE12C">cotype</typeStatus>
&quot; of Wheeler's
<taxonomicName id="8C83E5A8D30421102B2FA27532F4A6E3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Eucrema) inca Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca" subGenus="Eucrema">inca</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectionCode id="3243159FE0B715F918AC8E1B6996B517">MCZC</collectionCode>
. The specimen is labeled &quot;
<location id="7FA0DA60DD503948BDCDF35C4998E763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:7FA0DA60DD503948BDCDF35C4998E763" country="Peru" name="Callanga">Callanga</location>
,&quot; while the published type locality is
<collectingCountry id="CC680833DF4D85499F22AA6C0226EB2B">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="3966658A20CD0453047DC027389AB64D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB1E1BBFB6F02CF3FA0674E18FF064BF:3966658A20CD0453047DC027389AB64D" country="Peru" name="Chaquimayo">Chaquimayo</location>
.
</materialsCitation>
The Callanga specimen is a large worker of
<taxonomicName id="036380005571746D827C0DAC337E3CFE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:28105" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
and I am assuming the
<taxonomicName id="CA71FFCB65BF5CA82EDB28EE09A39BD8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:136995" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Crematogaster (Eucrema) inca Wheeler" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca" subGenus="Eucrema">inca</taxonomicName>
type is the same.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>