193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="681231F4A743C4DEB5AA97A5DB2A7554">Dipodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="90515A4CAD81B849B029CA15808603E5">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BBBC60A2448D15FA68A4D9000C59CAF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D523D33939A3DD89CAB649C40502FB3">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="93F838F223B335BF8DA388C56D673771">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="F6ACCB9E7D946E7D8A68D22F55CFADA9">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="159085C5E59656812604025E2D78EFC6">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="482287C8ED4C7D68B480F5F1C27478FC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6591657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195700979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6591657" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:482287C8ED4C7D68B480F5F1C27478FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/482287C8ED4C7D68B480F5F1C27478FC" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="9B7C81B2ED4C7D68B480F5F1CBD37A6C" box="[193,250,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<figureCitation id="58B02A5BED4C7D68B480F5F1CBD37A6C" box="[193,250,2604,2650]" captionStart="Plate 4: Dipodidae" captionStartId="10.[103,132,3337,3362]" captionTargetBox="[14,2763,13,3648]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="15. Williams's Jerboa (Scarturus williamsi), 16. Syrian Five-toed Jerboa (Scarturus aulacotis), 17. Euphrates Jerboa (Scarturus euphraticus), 18. Hotson' ’ s Five-toed Jerboa (Scarturus hotsoni), 19. Small Five-toed Jerboa (Scarturus elater), 20. Vinogradov’s Jerboa (Scarturus vinogradovi), 21. Four-toed Jerboa (Scarturus tetradactylus), 22. Greater Fat-tailed Jerboa (Pygeretmus shitkovi), 23. Lesser Fat-tailed Jerboa (Pygeretmus platyurus), 24. Dwarf Fat-tailed Jerboa (Pygeretmus pumilio), 26. Northern Three-toed Jerboa (Dipus sagitta), 27. Mongolian Three-toed Jerboa (Stylodipus andrewsi), 28. Thick-tailed Three-toed Jerboa (Stylodipus telum), 29. Dzungarian Three-toed Jerboa (Stylodipus sungorus), 30. Lichtenstein’s Jerboa (Eremodipus lichtensteini), 31. Greater Egyptian Jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), 32. Blanford’s Jerboa (Jaculus blanfordi), 33. Lesser Egyptian Jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), 34. African Hammada Jerboa (Jaculus hirtipes), 35. Arabian Jerboa (Jaculus loftusi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6591756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6591756/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">31.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B54AF5F1C82A7A6C" box="[267,771,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B54AF5F1C82A7A6C" blockId="17.[190,1218,2604,2732]" box="[267,771,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="9B7C81B2ED4C7D68B54AF5F1C82A7A6C" box="[267,771,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<vernacularName id="4E8846F0ED4C7D68B54AF5F1C82A7A6C" box="[267,771,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Greater Egyptian Jerboa</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B77EF5F1CF517A6C" box="[831,1144,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B77EF5F1CF517A6C" blockId="17.[190,1218,2604,2732]" box="[831,1144,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="9B7C81B2ED4C7D68B77EF5F1CF517A6C" box="[831,1144,2604,2650]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B77EF5F1CF517A6C" ID-CoL="3QK2Y" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[831,1144,2604,2650]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B77EF5F1CF517A6C" box="[831,1144,2604,2650]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Jaculus orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B481F5B1C97E7A9F" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B481F5B1CFEB7AB7" blockId="17.[190,1218,2604,2732]" box="[192,1218,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="9B7C81B2ED4C7D68B481F5B1CFEB7AB7" box="[192,1218,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B481F5B1CA227AB7" bold="true" box="[192,267,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4E8846F0ED4C7D68B555F5B1CAF67AB7" box="[276,479,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Gerboise d'Erxleben</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B5B5F5B1C9667AB7" bold="true" box="[500,591,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4E8846F0ED4C7D68B619F5B1C8777AB7" box="[600,862,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Grote Wiistenspringmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B732F5B1C8E67AB7" bold="true" box="[883,975,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4E8846F0ED4C7D68B796F5B1CFEB7AB7" box="[983,1218,2668,2689]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Jerbo grande de Egipto</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B481F549C97E7A9F" blockId="17.[190,1218,2604,2732]" box="[192,599,2708,2729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="9B7C81B2ED4C7D68B481F549C97E7A9F" box="[192,599,2708,2729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B481F549CA9F7A9F" bold="true" box="[192,438,2708,2729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4E8846F0ED4C7D68B581F549C97E7A9F" box="[448,599,2708,2729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Oriental Jerboa</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B762F509C8447B2B" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B762F509C8447B2B" blockId="17.[803,1398,2772,3200]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B762F509C8977AC3" bold="true" box="[803,958,2772,2805]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B798F509C8417B2B" ID-CoL="3QK2Y" authority="Erxleben" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B73EF521C8467BA2" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B73EF521C8467BA2" blockId="17.[803,1398,2772,3200]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<materialsCitation id="70E33C83ED4C7D68B73EF521C8427BA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3795085311" country="Egypt" location="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" specimenCount="1">
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“Aegypto, in monticulis Aegyptum ab Arabia diuidentibus [=
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<collectingCountry id="B89C764EED4C7D68B0F2F4FECE2A7B72" box="[1203,1283,2851,2884]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, in the mountains separating
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<collectingCountry id="B89C764EED4C7D68B03BF492CFE17B5A" box="[1146,1224,2895,2924]" name="Egypt" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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from Arabia]”
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B764F443C82B7CCE" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B764F443C82B7CCE" blockId="17.[803,1398,2772,3200]" lastBlockId="17.[189,1396,3207,3477]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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Morphologically and genetically, J. orienta lis is a member of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B0B7F41CCE477BD4" authorityName="Brandt" authorityYear="1844" box="[1270,1390,3009,3042]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Haltomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Haltomys</taxonomicName>
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, the sister group of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B14BF435CE477C3F" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[1290,1390,3048,3081]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Jaculus</taxonomicName>
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. Molecular reconstructions retrieved two divergent allopatric lineages in North Africa: one in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya and another in eastern Libya and Egypt. These two lineages diverged c.0-67 million years ago. Sinai Peninsula and Israel populations have not been studied genetically. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B483F2DECE657DA3" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
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<caption id="94F46656ED4C7D68B483F2DECE657DA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6591746" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6591746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6591746/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" startId="17.[194,348,3331,3360]" targetBox="[190,780,2786,3199]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B483F2DEC97B7D16" blockId="17.[189,1396,3207,3477]" box="[194,594,3331,3360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B483F2DEC97B7D16" bold="true" box="[194,594,3331,3360]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B4FCF2F8CE687D70" blockId="17.[189,1396,3207,3477]" box="[189,1345,3365,3398]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B4FCF2F8CE687D70" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[189,1345,3365,3398]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="orientalis">J.o.orientalisErxleben,1777—NEEgypt(SinaiPeninsula)andSIsrael(NNegev).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B4FCF290CF027D58" blockId="17.[189,1396,3207,3477]" box="[189,1067,3405,3438]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B4FCF290CF027D58" authority="Olivier, 1800" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1800" box="[189,1067,3405,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="gerboa">J.o.gerboaOlivier,1800—NELibyaandEgyptWofNileValley.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B4FCF2A1CE657DA3" blockId="17.[189,1396,3207,3477]" box="[189,1356,3452,3477]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B4FCF2A1C9AC7DA3" authority="Duvernoy, 1841" authorityName="Duvernoy" authorityYear="1841" box="[189,645,3452,3477]" class="Mammalia" family="Dipodidae" genus="Jaculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="orientalis" subSpecies="mauritanicus">J. o. mauritanicus Duvernoy, 1841</taxonomicName>
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— NE Morocco, N Algeria, Tunisia, and NW Libya.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F0FEF9CC4974FC" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F0FEF9CC4974FC" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F0FEF9CD83710B" bold="true" box="[1457,1706,292,317]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 95-145 mm, tail 172-215 mm, ear 18-25 mm, hindfoot 55-70 mm; weight 104-182 g. Females are slightly larger than males. Head and dorsum of the Greater Egyptian Jerboa are brownish orange; sides and ventral pelage are pure white. Basal part of vibrissae is dark gray. Tail banner is wide and well flattened, with fuzzy white basal ring; black subterminal field and white terminal tuft are about equal in length; and ventral side of black subterminalfield has no white stripe along tail rod. Toes of hindfeet are covered from below with brushes of relatively long soft hairs; external hairs of brushes are white, with dark brown tips and internal black or dark brown; and toes do not have conic calluses at bases. Rostral part of skull is slender. Auditory bullae are strongly inflated and project from under braincase laterally and caudally. Mastoid cavity is large and partially subdivided into three sections by septs. In volume, mastoid cavity is about three times larger than tympanic cavity. Front surfaces of incisors are white. P! is absent. Molars are high-crowned, with terraced masticatory surfaces; crown heights of unworn molars are 140-150% of their lengths. Glans penis is massive, cylindrical, slightly elongated, and subdivided by deep longitudinal folds into two ventro-lateral lobes and one dorsal lobe; ventro-lateral lobes have shallow longitudinal depressions; dorsal lobe has pair ofstylet-shape, forward-directed thorns rooted in middle of lobe; anterior part of surface of dorsal lobe is covered by singlevertex, backward-directed aciculae increasing in size in backward direction; and posterior part of surface of dorsal lobe and all surfaces of ventro-lateral lobes are covered by flat, backward-directed comb-like scales. Os penis (baculum) is large (its length about equalto length of glans penis) and straight, with long horizontal proximalplate, large flat horizontal broadenings at distal end and vertical ridge. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 48 and FN = 92.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F4FB12C2967509" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F4FB12C2967509" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
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<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F4FB12CD0D74C6" bold="true" box="[1461,1572,1231,1264]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Atlas steppe, clay and loess deserts, and salt marshes with
|
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<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68BD16FB12C2FE74C6" box="[2391,2519,1231,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Salicornia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Salicornia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other chenopod (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="078B4D5DED4C7D68B21AFB2BCC137521" box="[1627,1850,1270,1303]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaranthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) shrubs along Mediterranean coast, preferring areas with mosaic of patches of relatively dense shrubby vegetation and open spaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F4FA98C16775B8" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F4FA98C16775B8" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F4FA98CD967550" bold="true" box="[1461,1727,1349,1382]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Egyptian Jerboa eats leaves, roots, and seeds. In the wild, it mainly eats leaves; in captivity, it can survive on only wheat and barley grains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F4FA49C34075EB" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F4FA49C34075EB" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F4FA49CD157583" bold="true" box="[1461,1596,1428,1461]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of the Greater Egyptian Jerboa was recorded from end of March to August. Litters have 2-7 young (usually three).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F5FA3EC30E7694" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F5FA3EC30E7694" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F5FA3ECD887632" bold="true" box="[1460,1697,1507,1540]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Greater Egyptian Jerboa is strictly nocturnal. Some individuals become active at dusk, but most start their activity two hours after sunset. Hibernation is obligate and lasts from November to mid-March. Although some earlier research reported absence of hibernation, recent studies provided clear evidence of seasonal physiological changes typical of hibernation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F7F976CC0E781B" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F7F976CC0E781B" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F7F976C38876FE" bold="true" box="[1462,2209,1707,1736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
When moving slowly, Greater Egyptian Jerboas use bipedal pacing, with alternating support by left and right hindfeet. At medium-speeds and when running fast, they use asynchronous ricochet jumps. Hops are 30-46 cm long; maximum speed is 3-2 m/s. Burrows are simple and usually have one tunnel with 2-3 right-angled turns. Tunnel starts at the ground’s surface with usually a plugged entrance and ends with nest chamber at depths of 40-80 cm (up to 200 cm); lengths of tunnels are 210-340 cm. In some cases, burrows have 1-2 additional tunnels ending with emergency exits. Wild Greater Egyptian Jerboas are mainly solitary, but they can be sociable and relatively frequently seen in groups of 2-3 individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F9F7EFC2FA7865" box="[1464,2515,2098,2131]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F9F7EFC2FA7865" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" box="[1464,2515,2098,2131]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F9F7EFCC3C7865" bold="true" box="[1464,1813,2098,2131]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88916555ED4C7D68B1F8F7BFC27478FC" pageId="17" pageNumber="98" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C03436DEED4C7D68B1F8F7BFC27478FC" blockId="17.[1457,2672,291,2256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2FFEACCED4C7D68B1F8F7BFCD7B784D" bold="true" box="[1465,1618,2146,2171]" pageId="17" pageNumber="98">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ben Faleh, Granjon, Tatard, Ben Othmen et al. (2012), El Hilali & Veillat (1975), Hooper & El Hilali (1972), Kowalski & Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), Mendelssohn & Yom-Tov (1999), Osborn & Helmy (1980), Pisano et al. (2015), Ranck (1968), Schropfer et al. (1985), Shahin & Ata (2001), Shenbrot (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |