232 lines
20 KiB
XML
232 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3974" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16b8162d-54e6-4be9-9a2a-dd3f2439fb38" ID-PMC="PMC3561682" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-242-25" ID-PubMed="23378795" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-242-25" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 242" ModsDocTitle="Neoethilla, a new genus for the first record of the Ethillini from the New World (Diptera, Tachinidae, Exoristinae)" checkinTime="1451248551330" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cerretti, Pierfilippo, Wood, D. Monty & O'Hara, James E." docDate="2012" docId="67175F6AC0C6C11C8D78C0FC89E78926" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 242: 25-41" docOrigin="ZooKeys 242" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3974" docTitle="Neoethilla Cerretti, Wood & O'Hara, 2012, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="3F0DB325FFC9FF80FFF6A16293754C36" masterDocTitle="Neoethilla, a new genus for the first record of the Ethillini from the New World (Diptera, Tachinidae, Exoristinae)" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1668154723866" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neoethilla, a new genus for the first record of the Ethillini from the New World (Diptera, Tachinidae, Exoristinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cerretti, Pierfilippo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wood, D. Monty</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>242</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>41</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3974</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.242.3974</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-242-25</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037921" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2863EDC7-20B9-4102-AD19-4EF4CFFA6120" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67175F6AC0C6C11C8D78C0FC89E78926" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2863EDC7-20B9-4102-AD19-4EF4CFFA6120" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="26">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–f">a-f</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–e">a-e</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Type species:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Exorista" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Exorista ignobilis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">Exorista ignobilis</taxonomicName>
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van der Wulp, 1890, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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The compound name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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refers to the New (Latin, neo) World distribution and to the suspected close relationship of this genus with the Old World genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Ethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ethilla</taxonomicName>
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Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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This generic description is based on a redescription of the single included species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla ignobilis" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">Neoethilla ignobilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Length: 5.5-7.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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Colour: Head mainly black, covered with grey microtomentum. Palpus black to brown (usually paler in female). Thorax and legs entirely black. Abdomen mainly black but reddish yellow laterally (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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). Tegula and basicosta black.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
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Head (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–e">a-e</normalizedToken>
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, 2a): Large in dorsal view, about as wide as thorax; higher than long in lateral view. Compound eye densely covered with long ommatrichia (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="c–f">c-f</normalizedToken>
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). Frons at its narrowest point 2/3-6/7 (♂♀) as wide as eye in dorsal view (no significant sexual dimorphism in examined specimens). Frontal vitta (= interfrontal area) clearly widening anteriorly. Outer (= lateral) vertical seta not differentiated from postocular setae in male, well developed in female. Ocellar seta absent (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
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, 2a) or very small; ocellar triangle with several short, proclinate setulae (Fig. 2a). Fronto-orbital plate of male with about three irregular rows of fine, medioclinate setae lateral to frontal setae. Seven to 10 frontal setae. Two or 3 upper (= dorsal) reclinate orbital setae, often not clearly differentiated from frontal setae. Proclinate orbital setae absent in male, 2 in female (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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). Parafacial covered with proclinate, short, fine setae (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
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). Facial ridge straight in profile, with only a few setae above vibrissa on about 1/5-1/4 of its length. Vibrissa arising at about level of lower facial margin. Face concave; lower facial margin not visible in profile. Antenna slightly shorter than facial ridge. Postpedicel 3.0-3.5 times as long as pedicel. Arista bare, thickened on basal 2/5-1/2. First aristomere not longer than wide (usually shorter); second aristomere 1-2 times as long as wide. Genal dilation well developed. Gena in profile very narrow, about 0.10-0.15 times as high as compound eye (height measured in the same vertical
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="27" start="start">plane</pageBreakToken>
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as height of head). Postocular setae fine, relatively long and slightly bent anteriorly. Occiput flat, with 1-2 rows of black setulae behind postocular row. Prementum not more than 2 times as long as wide; palpus well developed, apically covered with setulae, often strongly clavate in female.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.ignobilis (New Mexico)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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habitus a male in lateral view b female in lateral view c male in dorsal view d female in dorsal view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–e">d-e</normalizedToken>
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head in frontal view d male e female.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="28" start="start">Thorax</pageBreakToken>
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(Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="b–d">b-d</normalizedToken>
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): Postpronotum with 4 setae; 3 strongest, basal, arranged in a line (Fig. 2b). Scutum with 2-3 posthumeral setae, 1 + 3 supra-alar (first postsutural supra-alar seta at most as long as a notopleural seta), 0-1 + 3 intra-alar, 3 + 4 dorsocentral, 3 + 3 acrostichal setae. General hair-like setulae of scutum fine, relatively long and erect. Prosternum laterally setose. Proepisternal depression bare. Two katepisternal setae (the posterior one larger). Katepimeron setulose along its length. Anepimeral seta at most half as long as posterior katepisternal seta. Scutellum wider than long, covered with long, fine, erect setulae. Three pairs of marginal scutellar setae (basal, subapical, apical) (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="c–d">c-d</normalizedToken>
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, 2c); basal and subapical setae about equal in size; apical pair shorter, crossed and sub-horizontal. Scutellum without discal setae. Anterior and posterior lappets of metathoracic spiracle unequal in size.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.ignobilis (male, New Mexico) a vertex in anterodorsal view b right postpronotum and part of presutural portion of scutum in laterodorsal view [circles indicate basal postpronotal saetae] c scutellum in laterodorsal view [b = basal scutellar seta; sa = subapical scutellar seta] d lower calypter in posterior view e left hind tibia in dorsal view f fore claws.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="28">Legs: Preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia about as long and stout as preapical dorsal seta. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta. Hind tibia with a row of moderately spaced, comb-like anterodorsal setae (Fig. 2e); 2 dorsal preapical setae. Preapical posteroventral seta of hind tibia not differentiated. Claws about as long as fifth tarsal segment in male (Fig. 2f), considerably shorter in female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="28">
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Wing (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 2d): Bend of vein M usually obtuse. Cell r4+5 open. Section of M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu longer than section between dm-cu and bend of M. Section of M between dm-cu and bend of M shorter than post-angular section of M. Vein R4+5 with a single setula at base dorsally and 0-1 ventrally
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="29" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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Lower calypter large and strongly convex, especially along its lateral and posterior margins (Fig. 2d).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="29">
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Abdomen (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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): Syntergite 1+2 with mid-dorsal depression extending to hind margin. Tergites 1+2 and 3 with a pair of fine median marginal setae, sometimes
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="30" start="start">not</pageBreakToken>
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differentiated from the general abdominal setae, and a pair of lateral setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae; tergite 5 with scattered weak setae. Tergites 3 and 4 without median or lateral discal setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">
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Male terminalia (Figs 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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): Sternite 5 with deep median cleft, outer lobe almost truncate along posterior margin (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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). Tergite 6 large, plate-like
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="31" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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not divided into two sclerites nor indentate on posterior edge), bare; tergite 6 separated from tergite 5 and segment 7+8 by membrane. Cerci (Figs. 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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) almost flat, wide in posterior view (sub-ovoid), not fused medially (i.e., longitudinal medial suture complete), distally very slightly divided (Figs 4b, 4d, 5b). Surstylus long, wide and sub-triangular in lateral view, distal tip sometimes slightly bent posteriorly (Figs 4c, 5a). Posterior half of lateral surface of surstylus with several stout setae. Pregonite and postgonite not fused. Pregonite strongly recurved and pointed. Processi longi long, slender and well separated from each other. Epiphallus stout, well sclerotized, attached to basal portion of basiphallus (Fig. 5c). Connection between basiphallus and distiphallus strongly sclerotized (Fig. 5c). Lateroventral sclerites of distiphallus well developed, strongly sclerotized with robust spines lateroventrally (Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–b">a-b</normalizedToken>
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, 5c).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.ignobilis (male, New Mexico) [st5 = sternite 5; syt7+8 = syntergite 7+8; t6 = tergite 6] a sternite 5 and syntergite 7+8 b detail of left lobe of sternite 5.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.ignobilis (male, New Mexico) [c = cerci; hy = hypandrium; dp = distiphallus; pr = pregonite; s = surstylus] a cerci and right surstylus in lateral view b epandrial complex in posterior view c distiphallus and pregonite in left lateral view d distiphallus in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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Female terminalia. Ovipositor short, not telescopic as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" rank="tribe" tribe="Winthemiini">Winthemiini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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Egg. Plano-convex macrotype unembryonated; long-oval in dorsal view; anterodorsally operculate (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–e">d-e</normalizedToken>
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). Dorsal, convex surface of egg characterized by a strong polygonal micro-sculpturing.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ignobilisa–c">ignobilisa-c</normalizedToken>
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terminalia (male, Idaho) [c = cerci; bp = basiphallus; dp = distiphallus; e = epnadrium; eph = epiphallus] a epandrial complex in lateral view b epandrial complex in posterior view c phallus in lateral view
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–e">d-e</normalizedToken>
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egg in dorsal view (Massachusetts) d habitus e detail of operculum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="31" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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is superficially similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Winthemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Winthemia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Winthemia</taxonomicName>
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because it has an enlarged compound eye covered with thick and long ommatrichia and parafacial covered with fine setulae. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Winthemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Winthemia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Winthemia</taxonomicName>
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both have a short first postsutural supra-alar seta, a comb-like row of anterodorsal setae on hind tibia and a fully setulose katepimeron.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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is distinguishable from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Winthemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Winthemia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Winthemia</taxonomicName>
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(i) in having the three strongest basal setae of postpronotum arranged in a line, (ii) in lacking the lateral scutellar setae and (iii) in having processi longi of male terminalia long, slender and well separated from each other. Females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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have a short ovipositor and a dorsally operculate plano-convex egg. These characters, together with the strongly convex lower calypter, suggest that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Neoethilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoethilla" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neoethilla</taxonomicName>
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has an ethilline affiliation. Within this tribe the new genus is characterized by the following combination of character states: (i) parafacial fully setulose, (ii) gena very narrow (0.10-0.15 times as high as compound eye), (iii) ocellar setae absent or very reduced, (iv) three strongest basal postpronotal setae arranged in a line, and (v) lateral scutellar setae missing.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="6" pageNumber="31" type="included species and examined specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="31">Included species and examined specimens</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |