310 lines
43 KiB
XML
310 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B9FDF80FFE67A5753A0E1F3C107CA1D4">Late Neogene Lophophaenidae (Nassellaria, Radiolaria) from the eastern equatorial Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EE876EC37F46388FD8BB63EDAD0F9022">Trubovitz, Sarah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="189965E0BBC593E92EB651EC7295ECE8">Renaudie, Johan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4138E8B4A17C0B963857EFB90E71086D">Lazarus, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="633F7F0D25C190B0ED206AB653CD6990">Noble, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="386FA9E4160877108BEF746D7021F51F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="03FCEA77DB637A52182BC9ABAF59E535">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F784FD08C140A00DE8300CE188B0CA38">2022-07-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C96F50FFD8FFB475DFE560FDE3C289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C96F50FFD8FFB475DFE560FDE3C289" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C96F50FFD8FFB475DFE560FDE3C289" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD8FFB375DFE560FAE7C24D" box="[151,1312,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB375DFE560FAE7C24D" blockId="75.[151,1312,279,342]" box="[151,1312,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="D097692AFFD8FFB375DFE560FAE7C24D" bold="true" box="[151,1312,279,306]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375DFE560FAE7C24D" bold="true" box="[151,1312,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB375A6E560FDFFC24D" ID-CoL="6LPC" ID-ENA="2506219" authority="Haeckel, 1881" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[238,568,279,306]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375A6E560FE46C24E" bold="true" box="[238,385,279,306]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB374C0E56FFDFFC24D" author="Haeckel, E." box="[392,568,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, emend.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB377EFE56FFC70C24D" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[679,951,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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, sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37158E560FAE7C24D" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[1040,1312,279,306]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
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Matsuzaki
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB371D3E56FFB1AC24E" bold="true" box="[1179,1245,279,306]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.,</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD8FFB3758FE54BFB12C22A" box="[199,1237,315,342]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB3758FE54BFB12C22A" blockId="75.[151,1312,279,342]" box="[199,1237,315,342]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB375A8E54BFDDDC22A" authority="Haeckel, 1881" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[224,538,316,342]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Psilomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375A8E54BFEA9C22A" box="[224,366,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Psilomelissa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB3743DE54BFDDDC22A" author="Haeckel, E." box="[373,538,316,342]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; =
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37774E54BFCB8C22A" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[572,895,316,342]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Micromelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37774E54BFD14C22A" box="[572,723,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Micromelissa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37793E54BFCB8C22A" author="Haeckel, E." box="[731,895,316,342]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; =
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB376EAE54BFB0AC22A" authority="Campbell, 1951" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1951" box="[930,1229,315,342]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Dimelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB376EAE54BFBD5C22A" box="[930,1042,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dimelissa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37151E54BFB0AC22A" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[1049,1229,315,342]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="527 - 530" refId="ref86411" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1951) New genera and subgenera of Radiolaria. Journal of Paleontology, 25 (4), 527 - 530." type="journal article" year="1951">Campbell, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD8FFB375DFE5F6FD5AC2E4" box="[151,669,384,409]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB375DFE5F6FD5AC2E4" blockId="75.[151,669,384,409]" box="[151,669,384,409]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD8FFB375DFE5F6FF0EC2E5" box="[151,201,385,409]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB3746EE5F7FD5AC2E4" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel. Subsequent" authorityYear="1887" box="[294,669,384,408]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
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<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3746EE5F7FDC3C2E4" box="[294,516,384,408]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37743E5F7FD5AC2E4" author="Haeckel, E." box="[523,669,384,408]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD8FFB375DFE5B1FD21C1E8" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB375DFE5B1FD21C1E8" blockId="75.[151,1437,454,661]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375DFE5B1FEEEC29C" bold="true" box="[151,297,454,480]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37478E5B1FE2CC29C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1882" box="[304,491,454,480]" family="Lophophaenidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="family">Lophophaenidae</taxonomicName>
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with two segments, and constriction between cephalis and thorax, above the median bar. The apical spine runs along the outside of the cephalis rather than existing free within it (as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB371B5E59DFA4BC178" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[1277,1420,490,516]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB371B5E59DFA4BC178" box="[1277,1420,490,516]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
). The cephalis may have similar pore structure to the thorax, or be hyaline toward the top (as in
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB371E0E679FEF0C130" authority="Haeckel 1887" authorityName="Haeckel. Subsequent" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB371E0E679FA5BC154" box="[1192,1436,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB375DFE645FEF0C130" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,311,562,588]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
). The apical spine may protrude out the top of the cephalis, or end on along the cephalic wall. The dorsal, left lateral, and right lateral spines extend outside the shell at approximately the same angle. These spines are typically as strong, or stronger, than the apical spine.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF1F8ECEFFD8FFB375DFE115FBFAC606" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10544086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10544086" box="[151,1085,1378,1402]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10544086/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1378,1402]" targetBox="[151,1436,684,1354]" targetPageId="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB375DFE115FBFAC606" blockId="75.[151,1085,1378,1402]" box="[151,1085,1378,1402]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375DFE115FEE7C606" bold="true" box="[151,288,1378,1402]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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Internal skeletal structure of
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<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37701E115FBFAC606" authority="(Haeckel) Petrushevskaya." authorityName="Haeckel, Petrushevskaya" authorityYear="1971" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[585,1085,1378,1402]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37701E115FCE0C606" box="[585,807,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
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||
(Haeckel) Petrushevskaya.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFD8FFB4758FE1DFFABAC2AD" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFD8FFB4758FE1DFFACFC3CD" blockId="75.[151,1437,1448,2015]" lastBlockId="76.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3758FE1DFFEFCC6BE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1448,1474]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This genus was first described vaguely by Haeckel (1882) as a two-segmented skeleton with a smooth cephalis, and a rounded thorax with three lateral spines. No species were placed into this genus until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB371A1E1BBFA5FC69A" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1257,1432,1484,1510]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In 1887, Haeckel added that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB374ACE187FDAAC576" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[484,621,1520,1546]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB374ACE187FDAAC576" box="[484,621,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have a cephalic horn; however, subsequent observations (i.e.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB375DFE263FE42C552" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,389,1556,1582]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have shown that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37719E263FD1DC552" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[593,730,1556,1582]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37719E263FD1DC552" box="[593,730,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does indeed have a cephalic horn, though it can vary greatly in size and strength. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD8FFB374DBE24EFE04C52F" box="[403,451,1593,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species was designated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB377B9E24FFB48C52E" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel. Subsequent" authorityYear="1887" box="[753,1167,1592,1618]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB377B9E24FFC21C52E" box="[753,998,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB376A5E24FFB48C52E" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1005,1167,1592,1618]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB371F1E24FFABDC52F" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[1209,1402,1592,1619]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref86440" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1954) Radiolaria. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Vol. 3. Part D, Protista. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 11 - 195." type="book" year="1954">Campbell (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB375DFE22BFE5DC50A" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,410,1628,1654]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s analysis of the internal skeletal structure of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DB60E4FFD8FFB376F1E22AFC2EC50B" box="[953,1001,1629,1655]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, she observed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB3705BE22BFE58C5E6" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel. Subsequent" authorityYear="1887" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3705BE22BFF3BC5E6" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37448E2F7FE58C5E6" author="Haeckel, E." box="[256,415,1664,1690]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does have an apical horn, and also emended the genus definition to include forms with an open thorax, which were originally excluded from Haeckel’s 1882 and 1887 diagnoses. Petrushevskaya’s emendation thus nullified the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37759E2BFFC80C59E" authority="Haeckel, 1881" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[529,839,1736,1762]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37759E2BFFD5DC59E" box="[529,666,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB377EAE2BFFC80C59E" author="Haeckel, E." box="[674,839,1736,1762]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB3761BE2BFFB4AC59E" authority="Haeckel, 1881" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[851,1165,1736,1762]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Psilomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3761BE2BFFC26C59E" box="[851,993,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Psilomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB376A1E2BFFB4AC59E" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1001,1165,1736,1762]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB371D2E2BFFF15C47A" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Micromelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB371D2E2BFFAF6C59E" box="[1178,1329,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Micromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37071E2BFFF15C47A" author="Haeckel, E." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37459E29BFD86C47B" authority="Campbell, 1951" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1951" box="[273,577,1772,1799]" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Dimelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37459E29BFE46C47A" box="[273,385,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dimelissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB374C2E29BFD86C47B" author="Campbell, A. S." box="[394,577,1772,1799]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="527 - 530" refId="ref86411" refString="Campbell, A. S. (1951) New genera and subgenera of Radiolaria. Journal of Paleontology, 25 (4), 527 - 530." type="journal article" year="1951">Campbell, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She suggested that all of these names should be united under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB3705BE29BFEF1C456" authority="Haeckel 1881" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3705BE29BFA5BC47A" box="[1299,1436,1772,1798]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB375DFE367FEF1C456" author="Haeckel, E." box="[151,310,1808,1834]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="418 - 472" refId="ref89441" refString="Haeckel, E. (1881) Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien (Basis for a radiolarian classification from the study of Radiolaria of the Challenger collection). Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 15, 418 - 472 [in German]" type="journal article" year="1881">Haeckel 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was adopted and further clarified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB3767FE367FB83C457" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[823,1092,1808,1835]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB376FCE366FC29C456" box="[948,1006,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Here we follow
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB37043E367FEC9C433" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB370C0E366FF73C432" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
’s description, and agree with these authors’ statement that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB3768BE343FB8BC432" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[963,1100,1844,1870]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3768BE343FB8BC432" box="[963,1100,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB371A4E343FABCC432" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[1260,1403,1844,1870]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB371A4E343FABCC432" box="[1260,1403,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the apical spine is not free within the cephalis. However, neither
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB376E7E32FFB68C40E" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[943,1199,1880,1906]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
nor
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFD8FFB371AEE32FFF25C4EB" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB3702BE32EFA5AC40E" box="[1379,1437,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
explicitly state why
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37486E30BFD90C4EA" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[462,599,1916,1942]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37486E30BFD90C4EA" box="[462,599,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
conflicts with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFD8FFB37648E30BFC5DC4EA" box="[768,922,1916,1942]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lophophaena" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37648E30BFC5DC4EA" box="[768,922,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is our opinion that the species currently in
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB375DFE3D7FEE7C4C6" box="[151,288,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
are as similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB374ABE3D7FDBAC4C6" box="[483,637,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Lophophaena</emphasis>
|
||
species as they are to each other, and there is no specific characteristic that separates them. For the sake of avoiding further confusion, we retain the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFD8FFB37105E3B3FB11C4A2" box="[1101,1238,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
for the described species observed during this study, but do not place any of our new species in this problematic genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFDFFFB4758FE4CCFABAC2AD" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
In this study we observed the following valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB47671E4CCFC05C3A9" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[825,962,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB47671E4CCFC05C3A9" box="[825,962,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB47699E4CCFAAAC3A9" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel. Subsequent" authorityYear="1887" box="[977,1389,187,213]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="phalacra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB47699E4CCFB01C3A9" box="[977,1222,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa phalacra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB47184E4CCFAAAC3A9" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1228,1389,187,213]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB475DFE4A8FCD3C385" authority="(Haeckel) Matsuzaki et al., 2015" authorityName="Matsuzaki" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Haeckel" box="[151,788,222,249]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="thoracites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB475DFE4A8FE5FC385" box="[151,408,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa thoracites</emphasis>
|
||
(Haeckel)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB4775DE4A8FCD3C385" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[533,788,222,249]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB477D9E4A8FD17C385" box="[657,720,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although it was not observed in this study,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB4704DE4A8FEBBC261" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" family="Lophophaenidae" genus="Micromelissa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Sarcomastigophora" rank="species" species="apis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB4704DE4A8FF01C260" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Micromelissa apis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB4759CE574FEBBC261" author="Haeckel, E." box="[212,380,259,285]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should likely be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB4764BE574FC4BC261" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1881" box="[771,908,259,285]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB4764BE574FC4BC261" box="[771,908,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to the genus-level synonymizations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB475DFE550FE5DC23D" author="Petrushevskaya, M. G." box="[151,410,295,321]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref93469" refString="Petrushevskaya, M. G. (1971) Nassellarian radiolarians in the plankton of the world oceans. Investigations of the Fauna of the Seas, 9 (17), 1 - 294. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Petrushevskaya (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB47490E550FD2DC23D" author="Matsuzaki, K. M. & Suzuki, N. & Nishi, H. & Hayashi, H. & Gyawali, B. R. & Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M." box="[472,746,294,321]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="17 - 33" refId="ref92001" refString="Matsuzaki, K. M., Suzuki, N., Nishi, H., Hayashi, H., Gyawali, B. R., Takashima, R. & Ikehara, M. (2015) Early to Middle Pleistocene paleoceanographic history of southern Japan based on radiolarian data from IODP Exp. 314 / 315 Sites C 0001 and C 0002. Marine Micropaleontology, 118, 17 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. marmicro. 2015.05.001" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Matsuzaki
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB4771FE550FD55C23D" box="[599,658,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We do not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB47690E550FAF2C23D" authority="Tan, 1927" authorityName="Tan" authorityYear="1927" box="[984,1333,295,321]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB47690E550FB72C23C" box="[984,1205,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa crassa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB471F7E550FAF2C23D" author="Tan, S. H." box="[1215,1333,295,321]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="111 - 122" refId="ref96020" refString="Tan, S. H. (1927) Over de samenstelling en het onstaan van krijt en mergelgesteenten van de Molukken. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch-Indie, 55, 111 - 122. [in Dutch]" type="journal article" year="1927">Tan, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the illustration does not appear to depict a lophophaenid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB4766EE53CFB1CC219" authority="Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" box="[806,1243,331,357]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="psilocrana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB4766EE53CFBF7C219" box="[806,1072,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa psilocrana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB47170E53CFB1CC219" author="Haeckel, E." box="[1080,1243,331,357]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only briefly described but not illustrated, and to our knowledge has never been subsequently used by other authors, making it likely a
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB475A7E5E4FE51C2D1" box="[239,406,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB474EAE5E4FC6CC2D1" authority="(Ehrenberg) Haeckel, 1887" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1887" baseAuthorityName="Ehrenberg" box="[418,939,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Peromelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="species" species="capito">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB474EAE5E4FDB0C2D0" box="[418,631,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Peromelissa capito</emphasis>
|
||
(Ehrenberg)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF1A3B7FFDFFFB47642E5E4FC6CC2D1" author="Haeckel, E." box="[778,939,403,429]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 1803" refId="ref89488" refString="Haeckel, E. (1887) Report on the Radiolaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 18, i - clxxxviii + 1 - 1803. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 31840" type="journal article" year="1887">Haeckel, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C60A5C5FFDFFFB471D5E5E4FAEBC2D1" authorityName=", Nishimura" authorityYear="1990" box="[1181,1324,403,429]" class="Polycystina" family="Plagiacanthidae" genus="Lithomelissa" kingdom="Chromista" order="Nassellaria" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Radiozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB471D5E5E4FAEBC2D1" box="[1181,1324,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Lithomelissa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as no justification was given by the author and the existing illustrations are vague, we do not follow this transfer here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37A8DCDFFDFFFB4758FE5ACFDE3C289" box="[199,548,475,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDFDE46FFDFFFB4758FE5ACFDE3C289" blockId="76.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,548,475,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9140254FFDFFFB4758FE5ACFEDDC289" bold="true" box="[199,282,475,501]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
?Late Miocene–Recent
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |