223 lines
32 KiB
XML
223 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="114B052A1B0BB7C034708B67B41F82A9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276876" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276876" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460242194602" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis & Medianero, Enrique" docDate="2011" docId="03A487F3FFF5C603FF2A6215FAEBEC13" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02774p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2774" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synergus ramoni Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF9DFF8BFFF2C60BFFBD6707FFA3EA1B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698241067433" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="DECA10E6F7A0FBF463F0D62E8818BFAC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="25E114A6781A4906D7DD57CE78571973">
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<mods:title id="1A9A4B37200CEE762E11F9FC1B2069EA">Taxonomy of inquilines of oak gall wasps of Panama, with description of eight new species of Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Synergini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BB3ED16B72F7CF9FC62F9AACCE7B5349" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D77E1EBED69B0CF3D9E619A7C5A796C2">
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<mods:roleTerm id="15415CF41CE2C7320224A381136D04E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="60FA408047BF8FB45AAFE6D7C05D6B09">Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5897ABC43CB99B306AE3CD05133F4738" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4968D77E6902569A578D83D1F13BFA5D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A9BF2FACA4C9006A71721B3A28FA6BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D71E2ECD6BB9FFA10E8EF2AC57D4E6F0">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B0CED3729A79F34532587E683190FF0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="51F263797A25E8C74949F8867765BEEE" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4954FB40B51C7495F6C5E6AC87009F0">
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<mods:title id="EE0787214408BE5EF00C7DC09388C88E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="912A08AF167B90BFCBA7B2A432011035">
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<mods:date id="50F9F0651FB576B908A1B443D4AC2DC4">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8F38200FC224C8C32C51792A2F301C7D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EE56B20BC48FDC412DA68CBBA935B895">2774</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B86B71F1E3F706F2CB7743E4F8549113">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="ECCBC5BAAD96326253E4A0E6BA67F9B0">47</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="E26818BC25B86633AFB010D6FB97ADFA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0DDA5DCCC217AD1A2D968439EF85C45F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276876</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B0DA13524CE33C1CB8403D51D426E8F3" type="GBIF-Dataset">a52c737b-5f8e-48ab-a98a-d3d7aa3b8d44</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73A8A8FBEB83A75A02B170F2862F7D5F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="95701F148A19AB16AF12311230B9E778" type="Zenodo-Dep">276876</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A487F3FFF5C603FF2A6215FAEBEC13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6189360" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6189360" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A487F3FFF5C603FF2A6215FAEBEC13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A487F3FFF5C603FF2A6215FAEBEC13" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF2A6215FCCCEF56" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF2A6215FC91EF37" blockId="7.[151,879,1298,1357]" box="[151,818,1298,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0FA8189FFF5C60CFF2A6215FC91EF37" bold="true" box="[151,818,1298,1324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF2A6215FC91EF37" bold="true" box="[151,818,1298,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFF2A6215FD6EEF37" authority="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" authorityName="Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero" box="[151,717,1298,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF2A6215FEC5EF37" bold="true" box="[151,358,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Synergus ramoni</emphasis>
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Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A578CFFF5C60CFD686215FC91EF37" box="[725,818,1298,1324]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF2A6232FCCCEF56" blockId="7.[151,879,1298,1357]" box="[151,879,1333,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFF226232FF49EF56" box="[159,234,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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C, 3F, 5C, 6G, 7B, 8C, 10C, 12D, 13F, 16B, 17C, 18E–F)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF2A627FFD9EEC5F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF2A627FFD9EEC5F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1399,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF2A627FFEE5EF8B" bold="true" box="[151,326,1399,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFF2A627FFF71EF8B" box="[151,210,1400,1424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFEF06270FE16EF94" box="[333,437,1399,1423]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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̩ (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFE5E6270FD97EF94" box="[483,564,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1737,1760]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1716]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 18. Habitus of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans, female. (B) Synergus elegans, male. (C) Synergus laticephalus, female. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus, female (E) Synergus ramoni, male. (F) Synergus ramoni, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276894/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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F) (in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid,
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFB186270FB46EF94" box="[1189,1253,1399,1423]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF5C60CFB486270FAECEF94" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[1269,1359,1399,1423]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
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), cardmounted. Cat. nº 2097).
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFE1B629BFD83EFAF" box="[422,544,1436,1460]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
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, Chiriquí, Boquete, El Salto,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF5C60CFCDB629BFBB0EFAF" box="[870,1043,1436,1460]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="8.792245">8º 47' 32.08” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE395022FFF5C60CFBA3629BFB7DEFAF" box="[1054,1246,1436,1460]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="-82.4603">82º 27' 37.09” W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF5C60CFB55629BFAE5EFAF" box="[1256,1350,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4309999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1431.0">1,431 m</quantity>
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; ex gall of an unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFD7F62C7FBC2EFCC" authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[706,1121,1471,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFD7F62C7FC3EEFC3" box="[706,925,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
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Née (Fagaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFF5C60CFBCB62B8FB6CEFCC" box="[1142,1231,1471,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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A), gall collected
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<date id="FFB31025FFF5C60CFF2A62E3FEB2EFE7" box="[151,273,1508,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-11-27">27.xi.2008</date>
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, E. Medianero leg.
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFE4A62E2FDCBEFE6" box="[503,616,1509,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 13, 1̩, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFCC762E3FC43EFE7" box="[890,992,1508,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; 13,1̩, Boquete, Road to Volcancito,
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF5C60CFF2A6100FF55EC04" box="[151,246,1543,1567]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.404" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1404.0">1,404 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFB31025FFF5C60CFEB96100FED4EC04" box="[260,375,1543,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-10-22">22.x.2008</date>
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. E. Medianero leg. In the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF5C60CFD1F6100FD59EC04" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[674,762,1543,1567]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
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. Additionally, 1̩
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFC71610FFB8FEC3B" box="[972,1068,1544,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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of the
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<typeStatus id="54B68847FFF5C60CFB3D610FFB13EC3B" box="[1152,1200,1544,1568]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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series was dissected for SEM observation (in the
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<collectionCode id="ED1CAE20FFF5C60CFE65612BFD92EC5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" box="[472,561,1580,1604]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MNCN</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF7A6157FBD7EC97" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6157FBD7EC97" blockId="7.[151,1436,1399,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF7A6157FEE5EC73" bold="true" box="[199,326,1616,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology</emphasis>
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. Named after Ramón Hernández, dear friend of the first author, in acknowledgment of his invaluable help in the first collecting trip of oak gall wasps of
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<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFF5C60CFCB76172FCC5EC97" box="[778,870,1653,1676]" name="Panama" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, which led to this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C60CFF7A6190FE89ED7F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6190FE89ED7F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1399,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF7A6190FE55ECAB" bold="true" box="[199,502,1687,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
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This species is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFCD3619FFBE5ECAB" box="[878,1094,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFCD3619FFBE5ECAB" box="[878,1094,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mesoamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, being similar in a majority of their diagnostic morphological characters. It differs from that species with respect to its black coloration, narrower head, larger ocellar triangle and the posterior ocelli being closest to the margin of eyes. Furthermore, the frons is more closely punctate, and the frontal carinae are less marked in
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFC196002FBB6ED07" box="[932,1045,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramoni">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFC196002FBB6ED07" box="[932,1045,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. ramoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the sculpture of mesopleuron is weaker; the speculum is partially smooth; and the radial cell is 2.8 times as long as wide (less than
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF5C60CFB486020FA95ED24" box="[1269,1334,1831,1855]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="2.5">2.5 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFF5C60CFA81602FFEB9ED7F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesoamericanus">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFA81602FFEB9ED7F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. mesoamericanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C317656EFFF5C603FF7A6068FBB1EF87" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C60CFF7A6068FF43EDB7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1399,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFF5C60CFF7A6068FEFAED93" bold="true" box="[199,345,1903,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CF59B00FFF5C60CFE486077FDF8ED93" box="[501,603,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.75">2.75 mm</quantity>
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(range 2.69–2.77; N = 3) for females; 2.41 (range 2.21–2.61; N = 2) for males.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFF5C603FF7A60BFFCEDEACF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1399,2037]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Head, mesosoma and metasoma predominantly black; mouthparts and sides of frons near the toruli yellowish; metasoma ventrally red brown; antennae blackish yellow; distal half less dark. Legs mainly black, apex of femora and tibiae and tarsi dark yellowish. Forewing hyaline, slightly darkened; veins brown. The male differ in having entirely the face, genae, and the antennal flagellum yellowish.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A67E7FE08E826" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF7A67E7FEBDEAE3" bold="true" box="[199,286,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female</emphasis>
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. Head in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FD9E67D8FDC5EAEC" box="[547,614,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1413,1436]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,196,1391]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1392]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head dorsal view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus laticephalus. (D) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276879/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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F) 1.9 times as wide as long. Gena not expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.6 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 1.3 times its diameter. Head in anterior view (
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<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FEE56620FE35EB24" box="[344,406,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C) narrow, only 1.1 times wider than high, genae very slightly expanded, strongly punctate. Face moderately pubescent, with marked, irregular, irradiating carinae from clypeus, reaching ventral margin of eye and ventral margin of toruli; branched near compound eyes. Ventral margin of clypeus straight not projected over mandibles. Malar space 0.6 as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated slightly below mid-height of compound eye; distance between toruli short, shorter than diameter of a torulus; distance between mesal margin of compound eye and lateral margin of a torulus shorter than diameter of a torulus, including rim. Frons closely and conspicuously punctate, frontal carinae present but obscured by the punctate sculpture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FBC666F8FB64E80C" box="[1147,1223,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1881,1904]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,195,1857]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (F) Agastoroxenia panamensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276877/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 3F). Vertex and occiput rugose-punctate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A6540FEA5E8F4" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Female antenna with 14 segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FDCF6540FD18E844" box="[626,699,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1954,1977]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[166,1431,147,1946]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 5. Female antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus colombianus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus baruensis. (G) Synergus luteus. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus chiricanus (J) Synergus elegans. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis. (L) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276881/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
C); flagellum filiform. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 19:11:27:18:19:19:19:17:15:15:14:13:13:22; Pedicel 1.4 as long as wide; F1 1.5 as long as F2. Ultimate flagellomere 1.7 times longer as long as F11. Placodeal sensillae on F8–F11 disposed in one single row of 2–4 visible sensillae in each flagellomere. Male antenna with 15 segments; F1 excaved medially and moderately expanded apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FF2265D0FF40E8F4" box="[159,227,727,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1731,1754]" captionTargetBox="[191,1394,181,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[191,1395,181,1710]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male antennae of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli. (G) Synergus ramoni. (H) Synergus mesoamericanus. (I) Synergus colombianus. (J) Synergus baruensis. (K) Synergus rufinotaulis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276882/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A65FAFAB8EE14" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Mesosoma. Pronotum without a lateral pronotal carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FCF065FBFC37E90F" box="[845,916,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1403,1426]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1382]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pronotum anterior view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Agastoroxenia panamensis. (D) Synergus chiricanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276883/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Lateral surface of pronotum with rugosepunctate sculpture. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FDAF6418FDF7E92C" box="[530,596,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C) with marked, undulate transverse rugae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture. Notauli percurrent, well impressed, wider posteriorly, wider than transscutal fissure; moderately converging posteriorly. Median mesoscutal impression visible but shallowly impressed. Anteroadmedian signa well marked. Scutellar foveae ellipsoidal, with some rugose sculpture, anterior margins widely divergent from the fissure transscutal, posterior margins indistinct. Scutellum with rugose sculpture; not margined laterally and posterodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FEB964D3FEF6E9F7" box="[260,341,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1213,1236]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1192]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesosoma dorsal view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus rufinotaulis. (E) Synergus mesoamericanus. (F) Synergus nicaraguensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276884/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 10C). Mesopleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FDD664D3FD1CE9F7" box="[619,703,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C) medially with weak longitudinal striae, the interspaces with coriarious sculpture, the striae being weak and hardly visible dorsolaterally in the speculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FB1564F0FB59EE14" box="[1192,1274,1015,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1852,1875]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1831]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 10. Mesosoma lateral view of inquilines of oak gall wasps: (A) Synergus ibericus. (B) Saphonecrus lusitanicus. (C) Synergus ramoni. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus laticephalus. (F) Synergus elegans." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276886/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A631BFBA1EE43" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, broad, subparallel. Median propodeal area pubescent, with some vertical rugae prolonged into the nucha. Nucha strongly sulcate, dorsally and laterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A6362FE2EEEBB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Legs. Tarsal claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FE1C6363FE57EE67" box="[417,500,1124,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1268,1291]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,193,1247]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 16. Metatarsal claws of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus ramoni. (C) Synergus nicaraguensis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus luteus. (F) Synergus gabrieli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276892/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B) with base produced into a small secondary acute tooth measuring about 1/4 of length of apical tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A63ABFAB1EF17" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FEF963ABFE3BEEDF" box="[324,408,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Radial cell 2.8 times longer than wide. All the veins well pigmented, R1 well visible along margin of radial cell, the radial cell appearing unambiguously closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FC4863D7FBE4EEF3" box="[1013,1095,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,145,1945]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 17. Forewing of Synergus species: (A) Synergus laticephalus. (B) Synergus elegans. (C) Synergus ramoni (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus rufinotaulis. (G) Synergus gabrieli. (H) Synergus chiricanus. (I) Synergus luteus. (J) Synergus baruensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276893/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
C; areolet distinct; vein Rs+M visible. Basal cell with dense, closely spaced setae. Apical margin of wing with a short fringe of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A621EFBB1EF87" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Metasoma (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FEF6621FFE3FEF2B" box="[331,412,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1669,1692]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1648]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Metasoma lateral view of Synergus species: (A) Synergus elegans. (B) Synergus laticephalus. (C) Synergus rufinotaulis. (D) Synergus mesoamericanus. (E) Synergus nicaraguensis. (F) Synergus ramoni." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
F). As long as head plus mesosoma. First metasomal tergum longitudinally sulcate dorsally. Metasomal tergum T2+3 fused, smooth and shining, covering almost the entire metasoma; without micropunctures; anteromedian area only with a group of about 14 setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine slightly extended beyond attachment of lateral flap; apical setae not projected beyond apex spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFAC603FF7A62A0FA8EEFDB" box="[199,1325,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A62A0FA8EEFDB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" box="[199,1325,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF7A62A0FEC3EFDB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1447,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B68847FFFAC603FDDD62AEFD33EFDA" box="[608,656,1449,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near Boquete and Volcán Barú (Chiriqui,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31A7675FFFAC603FB7E62AFFA82EFDB" box="[1219,1313,1448,1472]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C317656EFFFAC603FF7A62CCFAEBEC13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB236E5FFFAC603FF7A62CCFAEBEC13" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FF7A62CCFE84EFFF" bold="true" box="[199,295,1483,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FE9062CAFE49EFFF" box="[301,490,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FE9062CAFE49EFFF" box="[301,490,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synergus ramoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits twig galls on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FD5A62CAFC18EFFF" box="[743,955,1484,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FD5A62CAFC18EFFF" box="[743,955,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus salicifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D66FFFAC603FC7662CAFB27EFFF" authority="Lobata" authorityName="Lobata" box="[971,1156,1484,1508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B979EAF7FFFAC603FC7662CAFB8AEFFF" box="[971,1065,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
, Lobata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
section). The host gall is irregularly spherical and develops on twigs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13362A60FFFAC603FD3462F7FD78EC13" box="[649,731,1520,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,177,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[151,1436,177,1861]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 22. Host galls of Synergus species from Panama: (A) unidentified cynipid genus on twigs of Quercus salicifolia, (B) undescribed species of Loxaulus or Bassettia genera on Quercus bumelioides, (C) gall of an unidentified genus, (D) Cynips sp. nov., (E) Neuroterus sp. nov., (F) Cynips sp. nov., (G) unidentified cynipid genus on Quercus salicifolia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276898/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The host cynipid was not reared, and it is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |