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<document id="3F0845498C0D2A98988018121E7571CD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce8f8851-8cc1-4cf3-89ac-1d160465440f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240409" ID-ZooBank="62A22514-B276-4C50-8FE3-0CDABC7C62E3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461222232215" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, Joachim" docDate="2015" docId="03A4879C12303D7CFF34CF6A329EFA39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03974p581.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3974 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Limodromus hoffeinsorum Schmidt, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="579" masterDocId="FF9DFFE412313D7AFFA3C84F3651FFA5" masterDocTitle="On the Eocene age of Limodromus Motschulsky, 1850, with description of L. hoffeinsorum sp. n. from Baltic Amber (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini)" masterLastPageNumber="581" masterPageNumber="573" pageNumber="574" updateTime="1698604513284" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="46838BECB6B225E079B1DFCF96A6A9CC">On the Eocene age of Limodromus Motschulsky, 1850, with description of L. hoffeinsorum sp. n. from Baltic Amber (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="061B55C7CD67BA74EC2F7353B1A956B0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5F31EAFA267A2B9811B40D832449299A">Schmidt, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="360423678B444B1B0AEFC93CCB320E43">
<mods:date id="946F91F76CB053A0B34D12B73B8B0BA0">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B55F7D1ACC402BF9205B31BBD976243A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CBD2D19E2EC8B9C0CB0EABA47764FB91">3974</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6D1C98622A36BF06B4EB92C608B397D6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="060FD6BA7DC54C096587EE81FF1920B6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A4879C12303D7CFF34CF6A329EFA39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631668" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4879C12303D7CFF34CF6A329EFA39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4879C12303D7CFF34CF6A329EFA39" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<subSubSection id="C317650112303D7BFF34CF6A3742F8C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12303D7BFF34CF6A3477F89A" blockId="1.[151,550,1829,1888]" box="[151,550,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<heading id="D0FA81E612303D7BFF34CF6A3477F89A" bold="true" box="[151,550,1829,1855]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812303D7BFF34CF6A3477F89A" bold="true" box="[151,550,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912303D7BFF34CF6A378FF89A" ID-CoL="8LTHJ" box="[151,478,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812303D7BFF34CF6A378FF89A" bold="true" box="[151,478,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Limodromus hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312303D7BFE47CF6A3477F89A" box="[484,550,1829,1855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12303D7BFF34CF083742F8C5" blockId="1.[151,550,1829,1888]" box="[151,275,1863,1888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12303D7BFF34CF08375EF8C5" box="[151,271,1863,1888]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1470,1492]" captionTargetBox-0="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetBox-1="[160,1429,197,1448]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1449]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/240411/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Figs. 1–11</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650112303D78FF34CFC0377AFE08" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12303D7BFF34CFC032A3F855" blockId="1.[151,1437,1935,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812303D7BFF34CFC0375AF80D" bold="true" box="[151,267,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">
<typeStatus id="54B6882812303D7BFF34CFC03757F80D" box="[151,262,1935,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male in Baltic amber; size of amber piece 14.0 x 12.0 x
<quantity id="4CF59B6F12303D7BFC2FCFDF35B5F802" box="[908,996,1936,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
, embedded in synthetic resin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12303D7BFA9ACFC03682F869" author="Hoffeins" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" refString="Hoffeins, H. W. (2001) On the preparation and conservation of amber inclusions in artificial resin. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 70, 215 - 219." type="journal article" year="2001">Hoffeins 2001</bibRefCitation>
), No. 1648-
<quantity id="4CF59B6F12303D7BFEFBCFFB37D0F868" box="[344,385,1972,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="574" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
the collection of Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins, Hamburg,
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12303D7BFBEDCFFB32E7F869" box="[1102,1206,1972,1996]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1CAE4F12303D7BFB66CFFB3347F869" box="[1221,1302,1972,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">CCHH</collectionCode>
) (later to be deposited at the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg,
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12303D7BFBBCCF9732D8F855" box="[1055,1161,2008,2032]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Germany</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12303D7BFB03CF9732B0F855" box="[1184,1249,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="574">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64C8D8374CFEC0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812333D78FF64C8D837E2FF15" bold="true" box="[199,435,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Preservation status.</emphasis>
Only the anterior part of the beetle body is conserved; the abdominal segments posterior of the hind coxae, the distal part of elytra, and the metatarsi are lost. The inclusion is surrounded by a reddishcoloured corona as a result of corrosion of the opened body cavity because the amber was in long-term contact to oxygen after sedimentation. Dorsal and ventral sides of head, pronotum and anterior half of hind body as well as antennae and legs (without metatarsi) are well visible in most of the morphological details of diagnostic importance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64C920377AFE08" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
Syninclusions. 1 expl.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912333D78FE6CC9203423FE2D" box="[463,626,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
, 1 expl.
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912333D78FD79C920357FFE2D" box="[730,814,367,392]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
(remains: legs, one wing), several plant trichomas or stellate hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650112333D78FF64C9F835DDF81C" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64C9F83254FE75" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,1029,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812333D78FF64C9F83708FE75" bold="true" box="[199,345,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Description.</emphasis>
Body length: Approx.
<quantity id="4CF59B6F12333D78FDF8C9F734E0FE6A" box="[603,689,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
(head + pronotum =
<quantity id="4CF59B6F12333D78FC3CC9F735A9FE75" box="[927,1016,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64C9933756FDBD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Colour: Body blackish brown, shiny, apparently without metallic luster; palpi, antennae and legs not distinctly lightened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64CA6B3491FD0D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
Microsculpture: Discs of head and pronotum appearing polished with micro-meshes not visible even under magnification of 100 x (artifact?). Labrum with distinct isodiametric sculpticells (
<date id="FFB3104A12333D78FBC8CA0832F6FDC5" box="[1131,1191,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" value="1950-10">50 x</date>
). Surfaces of elytral intervals with very fine but distinct transverse meshes (
<date id="FFB3104A12333D78FD5DCA233560FD21" box="[766,817,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" value="1950-10">50 x</date>
), which are regularly arranged (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FB34CA23328DFD20" box="[1175,1244,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; elytra appearing finely fasciated under magnification below
<date id="FFB3104A12333D78FDDCCAC034E3FD0D" box="[639,690,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" value="1950-10">50 x</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64CAFB3579FC49" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
Head: Normal-sized, smooth; disc without reddish spots, convex, markedly constricted towards neck. Mandibles moderately slender, with external scrobe asetose. Eyes large and hemispherically protruded; temples relatively long, slightly more than 1/3 eye length, moderately wrinkled to the neck; supraorbital furrow moderately deep, extended to the posterior supraorbital seta; two supraorbital setae present. Mentum tooth simple, mentum setae small, inserted very close to each other immediately basad of mentum tooth, submentum with two pairs of lateral setae, outer pair very small (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FD8DCB283424FC25" box="[558,629,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Penultimate article of maxillary palpus bisetose in middle. Antennae slender, 1.45 times longer than head + pronotum; scape not enlarged, same length as third antennomere, with one seta on dorsal side; pedicel half as long as scape, with a single apical seta on ventral side; antennomere III without setae in addition to the normal ring of apical setae (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FD76CB9B354AFC49" box="[725,795,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64CBB83302FAF0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Prothorax: Pronotum 1.32 broader than head, smooth, disk convex, in dorsal view cordate, transverse (width/ length = 1.20), broadest somewhat anterior of middle, with basal margin 1.13 times broader than apical margin. Sides evenly rounded in anterior 2/3 and concave before base. Anterior margin finely beaded throughout, feebly concave, with front angles slightly protruded, widely rounded. Posterior margin finely beaded throughout, almost straight, with hind angles very slightly shifted anteriad; latter slightly acute, slightly protruded laterally. Median longitudinal impression moderately deep in middle, disappearing near apex and base, both anterior and posterior transverse impressions distinct. Lateral gutter wide throughout, near apex almost as broad as antennal scape, slightly widened towards base, laterobasal depressions very broad and deep; rather coarsely and densely punctuate, lateral gutter more sparsely punctuate. Both lateral and laterobasal setae present, with laterobasal setae located on margin. Proepisternum smooth, prosternal process not marginated; anterior coxal cavities closed posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64CD10371FF9D0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
Pterothorax (anterior portion): Elytra moderately convex, presumably sub-parallel in dorsal view, distinctly wider than head. Shoulders broad, humeral angles rounded, basal groove moderately concave, protruded towards scutellum and humerus as well. All striae deeply impressed, impunctate, parascutellar stria developed, intervals moderately convex. Parascutellar seta and anterior seta on third interval present, latter adjoined to the third stria; umbilicate series of the anterior elytral half consists of 10 setae adjoining eighth stria of which the first seven setae are moderately separated within the humeral group; third seta more than two times longer than second and fourth setae. Metepisternum with outer margin almost two times longer than anterior margin, smooth (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FB61CE783354F9F5" box="[1218,1285,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12333D78FAB8CE783302F9F5" box="[1307,1363,1591,1616]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings fully developed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12333D78FF64CECF35DDF81C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
Legs: Mesocoxa with a single ridge seta; metacoxa bisetose, with inner seta absent (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FB37CE30328AF93D" box="[1172,1243,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). All trochanters with seta. Pro-, meso- and metafemur each with two ventral setae; metafemur with several short subapical setae. Protibia not markedly broadened towards apex, with antennal cleaner organ situated subapically, with almost complete groove on dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FD8DCEA33422F8A1" box="[558,627,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), and with inner apical spur 2/3 as long as first protarsomere (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FA99CEA333DEF8A1" box="[1338,1423,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of pro- and mesotarsomeres glabrous beside normal setation, without internal and external sulci. Proximal three protarsomeres moderately broadened (male!), each with two complete, dense rows of broad adhesive hairs (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FEE9CF1837C1F8D5" box="[330,400,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Ventral lobes of fourth protarsomeres short, almost symmetric (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FB23CF1832AFF8D5" box="[1152,1278,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Figs. 9, 10</figureCitation>
). Dorsoapical setae present on both sides of tarsomeres I–II, lacking on III and IV; lateroapical setae on both sides of tarsomeres III and IV present (
<figureCitation id="13362A0F12333D78FECDCFEF3790F81D" box="[366,449,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[182,1378,193,1672]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece. FIGURE 2. dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1 – 4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Tarsomeres V glabrous on ventral side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF72660212323D79FF34CEFE3745F879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240410/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" targetBox="[182,1377,193,1671]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12323D79FF34CEFE3745F879" blockId="3.[151,1436,1713,2012]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812323D79FF34CEFE3716F962" bold="true" box="[151,327,1713,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912323D79FEEDCEFD3408F96D" box="[334,601,1714,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812323D79FEEDCEFD3408F96D" box="[334,601,1714,1736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Limodromus hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812323D79FDC3CEFD34C8F962" bold="true" box="[608,665,1714,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312323D79FDC3CEFD34C8F962" box="[608,665,1714,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. Fig. 1, general view with contours of the amber piece.
<emphasis id="B979EA9812323D79FA9ACEFD36FBF943" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
dorsal aspect. Fig. 3, ventral aspect. Fig. 4, right anterior part of head, dorsal view with antennal base and palpi. Fig. 5, anterior part of head, ventral view; the arrows point to the insertions of the setae of mentum and submentum. Fig. 6, disc of left elytron between third and sixth intervals. Fig. 7, right hind leg, proximal part; the arrows point to the insertions of setae on coxa, trochanter, and ventral surface of femur. Fig. 8, right protibia with first protarsomere, dorsal view. Fig. 9, left protarsomeres 1–4, ventral view. Fig. 10, right protarsomeres, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ce = compound eye; das = dorsoapical setae of tarsomeres; las = lateroapical setae of tarsomeres; md = mandible; mes = metepisternum; mdp = mandibular palpus; mtc = metacoxa; mtf = metafemur; ms = setae basad of mentum tooth; mtr = metatrochanter; mxp = maxillary palpus; pta = protarsomeres; ptg = protibial dorsal groove; pts = protibial apical spur; sc = scapus; sms = setae of submentum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF72660212353D7EFF34CDF132D1FA71" box="[151,1152,1470,1492]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/240411/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" targetBox="[160,1429,197,1448]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12353D7EFF34CDF132D1FA71" blockId="4.[151,1152,1470,1492]" box="[151,1152,1470,1492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812353D7EFF34CDF1374FFA76" bold="true" box="[151,286,1470,1492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFE87CDF1347EFA71" box="[292,559,1470,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812353D7EFE87CDF1347EFA71" box="[292,559,1470,1492]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Limodromus hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812353D7EFD96CDF1343FFA76" bold="true" box="[565,622,1470,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312353D7EFD96CDF1343FFA76" box="[565,622,1470,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C317650112353D7FFF64CE4F35B9FB91" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12353D7EFF64CE4F3490F998" blockId="4.[151,1437,1536,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812353D7EFF64CE4F371FF9BC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1536,1561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is dedicated to Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins, Hamburg, for their diverse contributions to the study of arthropods in amber.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12353D7EFF64CE073220F8FB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1536,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812353D7EFF64CE073511F9C4" bold="true" box="[199,832,1608,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Species group recognition and differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Tribus: A species of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFB3DCE073352F9C4" box="[1182,1283,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of the following characters: 1) mandibular scrobe asetose; 2) penultimate article of maxillary palpus bisetose; 3) two pairs of supraorbital setae present in normal position; 4) head and pronotum without stridulating mechanism; 5) elytra with dorsal setae in third interval; 6) elytra with apical margin entire, not truncate; 7) elytra without internal plica; 8) prosternal process not marginated; 9) anterior coxal cavities closed posteriorly; 10) mesepimeron not reaching the mesocoxal cavities (= mesocoxal cavities conjunct); 11) metepimeron lobe-like dilated; 12) protibia not markedly broadened towards apex, with 13) antennal cleaner organ situated subapically and 14) with groove almost complete on dorsal surface; 15) claws simple, not pectinate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12353D7FFF64CF2734D4FEB8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1536,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
Remarks: The systematic position of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFD2CCF2734A5F824" box="[655,756,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
within the “modern
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFC79CF27321FF824" box="[986,1102,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
” (=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFBDDCF2732A8F824" box="[1150,1273,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Harpalinae">Harpalinae</taxonomicName>
sensu auct.) is still largely unsettled. They are often considered the sister group of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912353D7EFC1BCFC23277F803" box="[952,1062,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphodrini">Sphodrini</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12353D7EFBD6CFC232A9F800" author="Habu" box="[1141,1272,1933,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refString="Habu, A. (1978) Fauna Japonica. Carabidae: Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo, 447 pp + 36 plates." type="book" year="1978">Habu 1978</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12353D7EFAA4CFC233C9F800" author="Casale" box="[1287,1432,1933,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refString="Casale, A. (1988): Revisione degli Sphodrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 1024 pp." type="book" year="1988">Casale 1988</bibRefCitation>
, Lorenz 2005,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12353D7EFE9ACFFE37B8F86C" author="Bousquet" box="[313,489,1969,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refString="Bousquet, I. (2010) Illustrated identification guide to adults and larvae of northeastern North American ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Pensoft, Sofia, Moscow, 562 pp." type="book" year="2010">Bousquet 2010</bibRefCitation>
), or even the sister group of a single branch of the latter tribe (Synuchi:
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12353D7EFA99CFFF3682F84B" author="Lindroth" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refString="Lindroth, C. H. (1956) A revision of the genus Synuchus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the widest sense, with notes on Pristosia Motschulsky (Eucalathus Bates) and Calathus Bonelli. The Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 108, 485 - 576. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1956. tb 01274. x" type="journal article" year="1956">Lindroth 1956</bibRefCitation>
), however, not a single synapomorphy is known that supports these assumptions. In addition, although representatives of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE3CC8D83455FF15" box="[415,516,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
tribe are relatively easy to recognize (e.g., based on the combination of the character states mentioned above) the currently known diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFBB1C8F33226FF70" box="[1042,1143,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
seem to be plesiomorphic as well. The combination of the above listed characters 4, 8, 14, and 15, is suitable for differentiation of the fossil specimen from species groups of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDACC94B34D0FEB8" box="[527,641,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphodrini">Sphodrini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64C9673240FDC5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
Genus: The new fossil species is a representative of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC35C9683272FEE5" box="[918,1059,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC35C9683272FEE5" box="[918,1059,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of the following characters: 1) dorsal and ventral surfaces of body glabrous beside normal setation; 2–4) head capsule completely blackish without reddish brown spots, without punctures on disc, and with a distinct constriction towards neck; 5) eyes large and hemispherical; 6) mandible normal, not markedly slender; 7) mentum tooth developed, simple; 8) mentum setae small, inserted very close to each other immediately basad of mentum tooth; 9) third antennomere glabrous, only with a ring of primary setae apically; 10–13) pronotum distinctly broader than head, cordate with laterobasal angles large, with lateral gutter and laterobasal grooves very broad, and with laterobasal seta present; 14) elytra with anterior dorsal seta in third interval present; 15) metacoxa bisetose (inner seta absent); 16) ventral lobes of fourth protarsomeres short, almost symmetric.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CA23349CFCB0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
Remarks: Monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE47CA233420FD20" box="[484,625,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE47CA233420FD20" box="[484,625,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well supported based on at least four synapomorphies of which three are features of the male genital armature (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFDD3CAC03543FD0D" author="Schmidt" box="[624,786,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Schmidt, J. (2000) Ein Vorschlag zur Losung nomenklaturischer Probleme der Gattung Platynus Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Blatter, Keltern, 96, 9 - 23." type="journal article" year="2000">Schmidt 2000</bibRefCitation>
, 2005). This cannot be determined in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFB63CADE3322FD0D" box="[1216,1395,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFB63CADE3322FD0D" box="[1216,1395,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFAD9CAC036FFFD68" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFAD9CAC036FFFD68" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
because the abdomen is lost in the fossil specimen. The position of the mentum setae as observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFA26CAFA377AFD55" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFA26CAFA377AFD55" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE91CA983723FD55" bold="true" box="[306,370,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFE91CA983723FD55" box="[306,370,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and in other
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDA4CA9834C5FD55" box="[519,660,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFDA4CA9834C5FD55" box="[519,660,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species is the fourth proposed synapomorphic character but it is also present in the following four lineages of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDFCCAB33499FCB0" box="[607,712,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CB5035B9FB91" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
Clade of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE8FCB6F3476FC9D" authority="Bonelli, 1810" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[300,551,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE8FCB6F37D8FC92" box="[300,393,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonum</emphasis>
Bonelli, 1810
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDE7CB50350FFC9D" authority="Jeannel, 1948" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1948" box="[580,862,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFDE7CB5034EEFC9D" box="[580,703,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonidium</emphasis>
Jeannel, 1948
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFC3BCB5032EAFC9D" author="Liebherr" box="[920,1211,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Liebherr, J. K. &amp; Schmidt, J. (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of the Laurasian genus Agonum Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Mitteilungen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 51 (2), 151 - 206. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 20040510202" type="journal article" year="2004">Liebherr &amp; Schmidt 2004</bibRefCitation>
): In general, species of this clade are easily to recognize based on the derived shape of pronotum with +/- rounded hind angles. In addition, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE2ACB283455FC25" box="[393,516,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE2ACB283455FC25" box="[393,516,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ by the antennal pedicellus bearing a ring of setae at apex, species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF34CBC3379BFC00" authority="Chaudoir, 1859" authorityName="Chaudoir" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,458,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Europhilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF34CBC33742FC00" box="[151,275,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Europhilus</emphasis>
Chaudoir, 1859
</taxonomicName>
differ additionally by the pubescent distal portion of third antennomere, and both the latter taxa as well as
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE29CBFF37B6FC62" box="[394,487,944,967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE29CBFF37B6FC62" box="[394,487,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFE53CBFF347CFC62" box="[496,557,944,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ by the very narrow anterior half of the pronotal marginal gutter. In all other lineages of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFED5CB9B3782FC4E" box="[374,467,980,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFED5CB9B3782FC4E" box="[374,467,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFE47CB9B3454FC48" box="[484,517,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(summarized in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC28CB9B335CFC48" authority="Motschulsky, 1850" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1850" box="[907,1293,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC28CB9B324CFC48" box="[907,1053,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Agonothorax</emphasis>
Motschulsky, 1850
</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFA9DCB9B3721FBB5" authority="Motschulsky, 1865" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Olisares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFA9DCB9B33CDFC48" box="[1342,1436,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Olisares</emphasis>
Motschulsky, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFE04CBB83485FBB5" author="Liebherr" box="[423,724,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Liebherr, J. K. &amp; Schmidt, J. (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of the Laurasian genus Agonum Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Mitteilungen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 51 (2), 151 - 206. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 20040510202" type="journal article" year="2004">Liebherr &amp; Schmidt, 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFD43CBB83594FBB5" author="Liebherr" box="[736,965,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Liebherr, J. K., Schmidt, J. &amp; Lorenz, W. (2005) Nomenclatural Correction to Liebherr and Schmidt's &quot; Phylogeny and biogeography of the Laurasian genus Agonum Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Mitteilungen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (2), 291. [see Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 51 (2004) 2, 151 - 206] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 200510019" type="journal article" year="2005">
Liebherr
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFCEBCBB635D1FBB5" box="[840,896,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
), the mentum setae are inserted laterad of the base of the mentum tooth, and thus they are different from
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFCF7CC5335B1FB90" box="[852,992,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFCF7CC5335B1FB90" box="[852,992,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C317650112343D7CFF64CC70329EFA39" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CC7032A4FAA8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF64CC703707FBFD" ID-CoL="8KV4J" box="[199,342,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF64CC703707FBFD" box="[199,342,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Anchomenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFE41CC7034C9FBFD" author="Liebherr" box="[482,664,1087,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Liebherr, J. K. (1991) Phylogeny and Revision of the Anchomenus Clade: The genera Tetraleucus, Anchomenus, Sericoda, and Elliptoleus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 202, 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1991">Liebherr (1991)</bibRefCitation>
: Within this clade only the western Palearctic species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFAAECC7033CDFBFD" ID-CoL="8KV4J" box="[1293,1436,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFAAECC7033CDFBFD" box="[1293,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Anchomenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF03CC2B37ECFBD9" ID-CoL="DKVQ" authority="Dejean, 1828" authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1828" box="[160,445,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF03CC2B374AFBD9" box="[160,283,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">A. cyaneus</emphasis>
Dejean, 1828
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE6ACC2B3574FBD8" ID-CoL="DKVX" authority="Pontoppidan, 1763" authorityName="Pontoppidan" authorityYear="1763" box="[457,805,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE6ACC2B3415FBD8" box="[457,580,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">A. dorsalis</emphasis>
Pontoppidan, 1763
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC92CC2B3291FBD9" ID-CoL="DKVS" authority="Kryzhanoviskij, 1983" authorityName="Kryzhanoviskij" authorityYear="1983" box="[817,1216,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurnakovi">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC92CC2B3593FBD8" box="[817,962,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">A. kurnakovi</emphasis>
Kryzhanoviskij, 1983
</taxonomicName>
, and the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFA8ACC2B33CDFBD8" ID-CoL="DKVR" box="[1321,1436,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dohrnii">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFA8ACC2B33CDFBD8" box="[1321,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">A. dohrnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFEDCCCC83471FB05" author="Schmidt" box="[383,544,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Schmidt, J. (2014) Three new Anchomenus Bonelli, 1810, from the Western Palaearctic (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 84, 13 - 29." type="journal article" year="2014">Schmidt 2014</bibRefCitation>
), as well as some species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFCC6CCC8323FFB05" ID-CoL="8KW3W" authority="Bates, 1882" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1882" box="[869,1134,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Elliptoleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFCC6CCC8358FFB05" box="[869,990,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Elliptoleus</emphasis>
Bates, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFB09CCC833CDFB05" ID-CoL="8KYVP" authority="Kirby, 1837" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[1194,1436,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sericoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFB09CCC8335FFB05" box="[1194,1294,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Sericoda</emphasis>
Kirby, 1837
</taxonomicName>
have the mentum setae similarly developed as in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFD77CCE33530FB60" box="[724,865,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFD77CCE33530FB60" box="[724,865,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFBBACCE332F9FB60" ID-CoL="8KV4J" box="[1049,1192,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anchomenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFBBACCE332F9FB60" box="[1049,1192,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Anchomenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species differ by the antennal pedicellus bearing a ring of setae at apex. Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFCF8CC803585FB4D" ID-CoL="8KW3W" box="[859,980,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Elliptoleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFCF8CC803585FB4D" box="[859,980,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Elliptoleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFBAECC803220FB4D" ID-CoL="8KYVP" box="[1037,1137,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sericoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFBAECC803220FB4D" box="[1037,1137,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Sericoda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are easily to recognize by the much smaller body size and by the shape of the pronotum with fully rounded laterobasal angles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CD58341FFAF0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF64CD58345CFA95" ID-CoL="8KY8T" authority="Habu, 1978" authorityName="Habu" authorityYear="1978" box="[199,525,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paranchodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF64CD58372CFA95" box="[199,381,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Paranchodemus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFE26CD58345CFA95" author="Habu" box="[389,525,1303,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Habu, A. (1978) Fauna Japonica. Carabidae: Platynini (Insecta: Coleoptera). Keigaku Publishing, Tokyo, 447 pp + 36 plates." type="book" year="1978">Habu, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: Species of this genus differ by the densely punctuate neck, bifid mentum tooth, and very narrow pronotal lateral gutter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CD1033CCFADD" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1437,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF64CD10379AFADD" ID-CoL="8KVY4" authority="Bonelli, 1810" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[199,459,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Platynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF64CD103778FADD" box="[199,297,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Platynus</emphasis>
Bonelli, 1810
</taxonomicName>
: Externally, species of this genus differ in having a pair of reddish brown spots on neck.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CDCB335CF988" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
The presumably plesiomorphic character state (mentum setae located distinctly laterally of the base of the mentum tooth) is observed in all the remaining species groups of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC29CDE835BEFA65" ID-CoL="8KTWY" box="[906,1007,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
including the highly diverse lineages related to the Pantropic
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE03CD8334E4FA40" ID-CoL="8KVLV" authority="Macleay, 1825" authorityName="Macleay" authorityYear="1825" box="[416,693,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Colpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE03CD83345BFA40" box="[416,522,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Colpodes</emphasis>
Macleay, 1825
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFD67CD83357FFA40" ID-CoL="8KVLV" box="[708,814,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Colpodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFD67CD83357FFA40" box="[708,814,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Colpodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFC97CD8235F2FA40" box="[820,931,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
in sense of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFB85CD833297FA41" author="Schmidt" box="[1062,1222,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Schmidt, J. (2000) Ein Vorschlag zur Losung nomenklaturischer Probleme der Gattung Platynus Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Entomologische Blatter, Keltern, 96, 9 - 23." type="journal article" year="2000">Schmidt 2000</bibRefCitation>
), the Afro-Oriental
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF34CDBE3780F9AD" ID-CoL="8LS7X" authority="Jeannel, 1948" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,465,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Metagonum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF34CDBE374CF9AD" box="[151,285,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Metagonum</emphasis>
Jeannel, 1948
</taxonomicName>
, the enigmatic and probably ancient genera
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC5BCDBF3340F9AD" ID-CoL="8KV88" authority="LeConte, 1848" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1848" box="[1016,1297,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Atranus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC5BCDBF3200F9A2" box="[1016,1105,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Atranus</emphasis>
LeConte, 1848
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFA86CDA0372EF989" ID-CoL="8KXQ2" authority="Kirschenhofer, 1999" authorityName="Kirschenhofer" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Meleagros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFA86CDA033CDF9AD" box="[1317,1436,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Meleagros</emphasis>
Kirschenhofer, 1999
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE1ACE5A355FF988" ID-CoL="8KZ68" authority="Darlington, 1952" authorityName="Darlington" authorityYear="1952" box="[441,782,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tarsagonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE1ACE5A3415F989" box="[441,580,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Tarsagonum</emphasis>
Darlington, 1952
</taxonomicName>
, and thus in the majority of platynine beetles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7FFF64CE7835D5F830" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
Differentiation from modern
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDAECE7834CBF9F5" box="[525,666,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFDAECE7834CBF9F5" box="[525,666,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species: The Eocene
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC28CE76326AF9F5" box="[907,1083,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC28CE76326AF9F5" box="[907,1083,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFBE1CE7832D0F9F5" bold="true" box="[1090,1153,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312343D7FFBE1CE7832D0F9F5" box="[1090,1153,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from the northern Holarctic species of this genus [=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFDB5CE133429F9D0" box="[534,632,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFDB5CE133429F9D0" box="[534,632,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (Schmidt 2005):
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFC7DCE123347F9D1" authority="Paykull, 1790" authorityName="Paykull" authorityYear="1790" box="[990,1302,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFC7DCE12320FF9D0" box="[990,1118,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. assimilis</emphasis>
(Paykull, 1790)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFA81CE123748F93D" authority="Say, 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decentis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFA81CE1233CDF9D0" box="[1314,1436,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. decentis</emphasis>
(Say, 1823)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE86CECE349BF93D" authority="Liebherr &amp; Will, 1996" authorityName="Liebherr &amp; Will" authorityYear="1996" box="[293,714,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indecentis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE86CECE37E4F93D" box="[293,437,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. indecentis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12343D7FFE61CE303493F93D" author="Liebherr" box="[450,706,1663,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" refString="Liebherr, J. K. &amp; Will, K. W. (1996) New North American Platynus Bonelli (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a key to species north of Mexico, and notes on species from the southwestern United States. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 50 (4), 301 - 320." type="journal article" year="1996">Liebherr &amp; Will, 1996</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFD75CECE35A9F93D" authority="Sperk, 1835" authorityName="Sperk" authorityYear="1835" box="[726,1016,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krynickii">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFD75CECE3504F93D" box="[726,853,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. krynickii</emphasis>
(Sperk, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFBA7CECE33C6F93D" authority="Mannerheim, 1825" authorityName="Mannerheim" authorityYear="1825" box="[1028,1431,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiventris">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFBA7CECE32F6F93D" box="[1028,1191,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. longiventris</emphasis>
(Mannerheim, 1825)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFF34CEEA3776F918" box="[151,295,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subovatus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF34CEEA3776F918" box="[151,295,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. subovatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Putzeys, 1875] by smaller body size, regular transverse pattern of the elytral microsculpture, two pairs of setae on the submentum, more markedly concave pronotal margin near base, and a larger number of adhesive hairs on male protarsomeres I–III. In external shape, body size, and microsculpture, the new species is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFEEFCF5E34CAF88D" authority="Schmidt, 2005" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2005" box="[332,667,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFEEFCF5E37BEF88D" box="[332,495,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
Schmidt, 2005
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12343D7FFCEACF4035FAF88D" box="[841,939,1807,1832]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, however, it is easily to be distinguished by the longer temples, presence of a single seta on the pedicellus, pronotal posterior margin finely beaded throughout, metacoxae bisetose, dorsal surfaces of all tarsomeres without longitudinal furrows, third tarsomeres without dorsoapical setae, and fifth tarsomeres glabrous on ventral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12343D7CFF64CFEF37D6FF5D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFF64CFEF3721F81C" bold="true" box="[199,368,1952,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Relationships.</emphasis>
With respect to the modern species,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFCEDCFEE35A9F81C" box="[846,1016,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFCEDCFEE35A9F81C" box="[846,1016,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was hypothesized the most basal representative of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912343D7FFE49CF8B3426F878" box="[490,631,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812343D7FFE49CF8B3426F878" box="[490,631,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and eight synapomorphies have been identified which define the monophyly of the remaining six species from the northern Holarctic (=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFC76C8D83266FF15" box="[981,1079,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFC76C8D83266FF15" box="[981,1079,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, Schmidt 2005). The Eocene
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFE85C8F23788FF70" box="[294,473,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE85C8F23788FF70" box="[294,473,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE42C8F33473FF70" bold="true" box="[481,546,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFE42C8F33473FF70" box="[481,546,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
seems to occupy an intermediate position between both lineages based on the following arguments:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64C94B371EFEC0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
i) As in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFE80C94A3792FEB8" box="[291,451,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE80C94A3792FEB8" box="[291,451,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species has two pairs of setae on submentum. This character state is doubtless a symplesiomorphy in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFE3FC9683454FEE5" ID-CoL="8KTWY" box="[412,517,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
; reduction of the outer pair of setae in the stem lineage of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFB77C9683367FEE5" box="[1236,1334,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFB77C9683367FEE5" box="[1236,1334,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is highly probable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64C9203329FE75" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
ii)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFF44C93E37CBFE2D" box="[231,410,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFF44C93E37CBFE2D" box="[231,410,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE02C92037B3FE2D" bold="true" box="[417,482,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFE02C92037B3FE2D" box="[417,482,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
possesses at least five derived characters together with the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFB21C92032B5FE2D" box="[1154,1252,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFB21C92032B5FE2D" box="[1154,1252,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (Schmidt 2005): 1) temples relatively long; 2) antennal pedicellus with a single seta; 3) metacoxae bisetose (inner seta reduced); 4) longitudinal furrows on tarsal surfaces reduced; 5) dorsoapical setae on fourth tarsomeres reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64C99332F4FD98" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
iii)
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFF56C99237FCFE50" box="[245,429,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFF56C99237FCFE50" box="[245,429,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE19C9933451FE50" bold="true" box="[442,512,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFE19C9933451FE50" box="[442,512,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFDE0C99234BBFE50" box="[579,746,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFDE0C99234BBFE50" box="[579,746,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both are characterized by finely and regularly transverse microsculpture patterns on elytra, while the other species possess isodiametric sculpticells. Transverse meshes represent the derived character state of the group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFD6BCA6B35BCFD99" author="Liebherr" box="[712,1005,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Liebherr, J. K. &amp; Schmidt, J. (2004) Phylogeny and biogeography of the Laurasian genus Agonum Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini). Mitteilungen des Museums fur Naturkunde Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 51 (2), 151 - 206. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 20040510202" type="journal article" year="2004">Liebherr &amp; Schmidt 2004</bibRefCitation>
, Schmidt 2005).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64CA0733D2FD4A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
Because
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFE8CCA0637B5FDC5" box="[303,484,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE8CCA0637B5FDC5" box="[303,484,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE4CCA083463FDC5" bold="true" box="[495,562,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFE4CCA083463FDC5" box="[495,562,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
shares the majority of derived character states with the northern Holarctic species, it seems most likely that the new species is a representative of this lineage. Here it represents the most basal branch (= sister taxon of the
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFD8ACAC034DAFD0D" box="[553,651,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFD8ACAC034DAFD0D" box="[553,651,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) characterized by two pairs of setae on submentum while the outer pair was reduced in the evolution of the modern species. Based on this hypothesis parallel evolution of transverse patterns of the elytral microsculpture has to be assumed for
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFC0ECA96320FFD55" box="[941,1118,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFC0ECA96320FFD55" box="[941,1118,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFBC5CA9832F4FD55" bold="true" box="[1126,1189,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFBC5CA9832F4FD55" box="[1126,1189,727,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFB78CA96332DFD55" box="[1243,1404,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFB78CA96332DFD55" box="[1243,1404,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64CAB3326DFC00" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
These conclusions are provisional and have to be confirmed based on additional material, particularly by the investigation of male and female genital characters of the fossil species. The latter is possible since non-invasive 3- dimensional computerised X-ray microscopy allows examination of even minute internal structures of arthropods (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFF75CB2837F9FC25" author="Dierick" box="[214,424,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Dierick, M., Cnudde, V., Masschaele, B., Vlassenbroek, J., Van Hoorebeke, L. &amp; Jacobs, P. (2007) Micro-CT of fossils preserved in amber. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 580, 641 - 643. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. nima. 2007.05.030" type="journal article" year="2007">
Dierick
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE93CB263739FC25" box="[304,360,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFE17CB273426FC25" author="Greco" box="[436,631,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Greco, M., Jones, A., Spooner-Hart, R. and Holford, P. (2008) Xray computerised microtomography (MicroCT): a new technique for assessing external and internal morphology of bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 47 (4), 286 - 291." type="journal article" year="2008">
Greco
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE5DCB263467FC25" box="[510,566,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFD21CB283528FC25" author="Kehlmaier" box="[642,889,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Kehlmaier, C., Dierick, M. &amp; Skevington, J. H. (2014) Micro-CT studies of amber inclusions reveal internal genitalic features of big-headed flies, enabling a systematic placement of Metanephrocerus Aczel, 1948 (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 72 (1), 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2014">
Kehlmaier
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFD5DCB263567FC25" box="[766,822,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). It would be therefore very exciting if additional
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFF34CBC33772FC00" box="[151,291,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFF34CBC33772FC00" box="[151,291,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fossils were detected in the large collections of Baltic amber in future.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368A12373D7CFF64CBE0329EFA39" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFF64CBE03416FC6D" bold="true" box="[199,583,943,968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Biogeographical considerations.</emphasis>
The occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFC89CBE035E6FC6D" box="[810,951,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFC89CBE035E6FC6D" box="[810,951,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Baltic amber is in accordance with the modern distribution of the genus. The suspected distributional area of the Baltic amber producing forests was situated in the Eocene paratropical floral region of the northern hemisphere (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFB8FCBB832CDFBB5" author="Mai" box="[1068,1180,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Mai, H. D. (1995) Tertiare Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. Gustav Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, New York, 691 pp." type="book" year="1995">
<date id="FFB3104A12373D7CFB8FCBB832CDFBB5" box="[1068,1180,1015,1040]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" value="1995-05">Mai 1995</date>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFB0ACBB83682FB91" author="Weitschat" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Weitschat, W. &amp; Wichard, W. (1998) Atlas der Pflanzen und Tiere im Baltischen Bernstein. Pfeil-Verlag, Munchen, 256 pp." type="book" year="1998">Weitschat &amp; Wichard 1998</bibRefCitation>
). The flora of this region had a close relationships to the modern flora of Indo-Malaya (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFB15CC533311FB90" author="Wolfe" box="[1206,1344,1052,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Wolfe, J. A. (1975) Some aspects of the plant geography of the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 62, 264 - 279. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2395198" type="journal article" year="1975">Wolfe 1975</bibRefCitation>
). In this respect it is worthy to note that a representative of the presumably most ancient branch of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFAACCC7033CDFBFD" box="[1295,1436,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFAACCC7033CDFBFD" box="[1295,1436,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to occur in the mountains of northern
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12373D7CFD79CC2B3568FBD8" box="[730,825,1124,1149]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(Schmidt 2005). The modern climate of this area is characterized as subtropical to warm-temperate and hence, corresponding to the paratropical climate in sense of
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFF34CCE33775FB60" author="Wolfe" box="[151,292,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Wolfe, J. A. (1975) Some aspects of the plant geography of the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 62, 264 - 279. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2395198" type="journal article" year="1975">Wolfe (1975</bibRefCitation>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFEF9CCE337A6FB61" author="Graham" box="[346,503,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Graham, A. (2011) A Natural History of the New World. The Ecology and Evolution of Plants in the Americas. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 408 pp." type="book" year="2011">Graham 2011</bibRefCitation>
). It can thus be assumed that the habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFC70CCE232D5FB60" box="[979,1156,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFC70CCE232D5FB60" box="[979,1156,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFB28CCE33298FB60" bold="true" box="[1163,1225,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFB28CCE33298FB60" box="[1163,1225,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was similar to that of the modern
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFE9FCC9E378CFB4D" box="[316,477,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klausnitzeri">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFE9FCC9E378CFB4D" box="[316,477,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. klausnitzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The sister group of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFD64CC9E3528FB4D" box="[711,889,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoffeinsorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFD64CC9E3528FB4D" box="[711,889,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">L. hoffeinsorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFC23CC803591FB4D" bold="true" box="[896,960,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E312373D7CFC23CC803591FB4D" box="[896,960,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distributed from the warm-temperate to the boreal zone across the Holarctic region. This lineage (
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFCB9CCBB352DFAA8" box="[794,892,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assimilis">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFCB9CCBB352DFAA8" box="[794,892,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">assimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) has adapted to somewhat colder climates probably in the course of the climate cooling after the Eocene optimum. The Holarctic distribution of the modern
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0912373D7CFF34CD733772FAF0" box="[151,291,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9812373D7CFF34CD733772FAF0" box="[151,291,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
becomes apparent in light of the fact that the temperate floras of North
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12373D7CFBE8CD7332FFFAF0" box="[1099,1198,1340,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">America</collectingCountry>
, western Eurasia and
<collectingCountry id="F31A761A12373D7CFF34CD2E3755FADD" box="[151,260,1375,1400]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">East Asia</collectingCountry>
were almost continuously connected until the Miocene (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7B12373D7CFC2FCD1035AEFADD" author="Mai" box="[908,1023,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" refString="Mai, H. D. (1995) Tertiare Vegetationsgeschichte Europas. Gustav Fischer, Jena, Stuttgart, New York, 691 pp." type="book" year="1995">
<date id="FFB3104A12373D7CFC2FCD1035AEFADD" box="[908,1023,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" value="1995-05">Mai 1995</date>
</bibRefCitation>
). Up to this age the Holarctic might have been a continuous faunal region, too, at least for winged species with high dispersal power.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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