507 lines
140 KiB
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507 lines
140 KiB
XML
<document id="BB9CC88E8F382F0E1ACDDBC8BD7EAFAA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5668" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a14" ID-GBIF-Dataset="059f21b5-3e0d-48ed-8fd0-fef470688a11" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075552" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5EDF5351-1F3B-43A7-B88C-C72E2A511176" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625576269475" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gardner, James D., Villa, Andrea, Colombero, Simone, Venczel, Márton & Delfino, Massimo" docDate="2021" docId="BD27293FFFD5FF85FF21FB10FED3FDA8" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.43.14.391-404.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 43 (14)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="411E5147FFD3FF8FFF86FFE3FFCDFFB8" masterDocTitle="A Messinian (latest Miocene) occurrence for Albanerpeton Estes & Hoffstetter, 1976 (Lissamphibia: Albanerpetontidae) at Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy, and a review of the European Cenozoic record for albanerpetontids" masterLastPageNumber="404" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="395" updateTime="1699025859534" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="342E346CD5248D94E0B4C1A0D8D19C44">A Messinian (latest Miocene) occurrence for Albanerpeton Estes & Hoffstetter, 1976 (Lissamphibia: Albanerpetontidae) at Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy, and a review of the European Cenozoic record for albanerpetontids</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A5142E102C6D896D710DD116234B64FF">Gardner, James D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60596CCA5468789CF48B19B1A4230DE1">Villa, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="315F7B75F987DCB2C1854089A845810A">Colombero, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B41C4466BBB0CCCCFCE729AE6C9DADCB">Venczel, Márton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FA8BA3454D6C12273582B09D44E3B55">Delfino, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3DC80979148F8F9D4F635843C3F37C6B">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1E5064AB351506646F7B87B8D811FA44">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="BD27293FFFD5FF85FF21FB10FED3FDA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5076266" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183399336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5076266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD27293FFFD5FF85FF21FB10FED3FDA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD27293FFFD5FF85FF21FB10FED3FDA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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<subSubSection id="7D94CBA2FFD5FF89FF21FB10FE31FA96" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF21FB10FE31FA96" blockId="6.[167,740,1267,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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<taxonomicName id="F28EE3AAFFD5FF89FF21FB10FD29FAB6" authority="Venczel & Gardner, 2005" authorityName="Venczel & Gardner" authorityYear="2005" box="[167,740,1267,1294]" class="Amphibia" family="Albanerpetontidae" genus="Albanerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pannonicum">
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<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD5FF89FF21FB10FE04FAB5" bold="true" box="[167,457,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Albanerpeton pannonicum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD5FF89FE49FB10FD29FAB6" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." box="[463,740,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FE1EFAF0FE1AFA96" box="[408,471,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FE63FAF7FE39FA96" box="[485,500,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7D94CBA2FFD5FF89FF02FAAEFE7FF93F" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02FAAEFE7FF93F" blockId="6.[130,776,1356,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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MATERIAL. —
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FE8EFAAFFE5EFA21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643305" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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Fifty-five isolated bones:
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<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD5FF89FE65FAAEFDC0FADD" bold="true" box="[483,525,1357,1381]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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<collectingCountry id="4D99D8B9FFD5FF89FE65FAAEFDC0FADD" box="[483,525,1357,1381]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Italy</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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. MoncuccoTorinese, Layer M3 (n = 3): Premaxilla (n = 1): MGPT-PU 132112. Dentaries (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132630, 132631.
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</materialsCitation>
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—
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FE32FA61FF1AFA76" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643304" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Layer M3/4 (n = 10): Maxilla (n = 1): MGPT-PU 132274. Dentaries (n = 9): MGPT-PU 132640-132647, 132652.</materialsCitation>
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—
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FF78FA54FF03FA51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643302" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Layer M4 (n = 1): Sacral vertebra (n = 1): MGPT-PU 132017</materialsCitation>
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.—
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FF76FA32FDACF980" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643301" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Layer M4/5(n = 20): Premaxillae(n = 3): MGPT-PU 132001, 132002, 132232.Maxillae (n = 4): MGPT-PU 132011, 132012, 132632, 132633.Dentaries (n= 11): MGPT-PU132005-132009,132634-132639. Trunk vertebrae (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132015, 132016</materialsCitation>
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. —
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FD02F9C2FD92F9EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643306" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Layer M5 (n = 2): Dentaries (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132003, 132004</materialsCitation>
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. —
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<materialsCitation id="85E69274FFD5FF89FD0EF9D8FE7FF93F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314643303" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Layer M7+25 (n = 6): Premaxillae (n = 4): MGPT-PU 132648-132651.Dentaries (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132653, 132654.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7D94CBA2FFD5FF85FF02F969FED3FDA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="description">
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02F969FDE2F96F" blockId="6.[130,776,1356,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Collected in situ, from unrecorded layer(s) (n = 4): Premaxilla (n = 1): MGPT-PU 132165. Maxilla (n = 1): MGPT-PU 132307. Dentaries (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132318, 132319.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02F93AFE4BF89E" blockId="6.[130,776,1356,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Surface collected, from unknown layer(s) (n = 9): Maxillae (n = 2): MGPT-PU 132013, 132014. Dentaries (n = 7): MGPT-PU 132010, 132655-132660.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02F8B1FE06F832" blockId="6.[132,775,1874,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">DESCRIPTION OF MONCUCCO TORINESE ALBANERPETONTID SPECIMENS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02F872FEB1F814" blockId="6.[132,775,1874,2028]" box="[132,380,1937,1964]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD5FF89FF02F872FEB1F814" box="[132,380,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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Premaxillae (
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<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FE88F871FE86F813" box="[270,331,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A-L)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FF02F852FCCAF853" blockId="6.[132,775,1874,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
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Nine isolated premaxillae are available. The best-preserved specimen is MGPT-PU 132112 (
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<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FE72F832FDF9F853" box="[500,564,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C), an intact left
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFD5FF89FCA8FF34FB85F853" blockId="6.[811,1457,215,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">
|
||
premaxilla. Most other specimens (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FB5AFF34FAD7FF49" box="[1244,1306,215,241]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D-L) preserve an intact dorsally directed pars dorsalis, at least some portion of the lingually directed pars palatinum, and much of the ventrally directed pars dentalis and its tooth row. All premaxillae are relatively small (total intact heights range from
|
||
<quantity id="F27635CCFFD5FF89FAD8FEB4FC93FE29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5-1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), yet are comparatively robust in build when compared to similar sized premaxillae of other albanerpetontids (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD5FF89FCA8FE55FC18FE68" author="GARDNER J. D." box="[814,981,438,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" pagination="529 - 544" refId="ref11765" refString="GARDNER J. D. 1999 b. - The amphibian Albanerpeton arthridion and the Aptian - Albian biogeography of albanerpetontids. Palaeontology 42: 529 - 544. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1475 - 4983.00083" type="journal article" year="1999">Gardner 1999b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 2A-E). The medial edge is straight and bears prominent, vertical grooves and flanges for strong sutural contact or, perhaps, weak fusion (although no examples of fused premaxillae are present in our sample) in life between the paired premaxillae. In the
|
||
<specimenCount id="238853A0FFD5FF89FBEBFDD5FAD5FDE8" box="[1133,1304,566,592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
preserving an intact pars dorsalis, the process is moderately tall and broad, with the ratio of maximum height vs width across the suprapalatal pit ranging from 1.30-1.55 (i.e., relative height is “low”
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD5FF89FCADFD55FC92FD77" box="[811,863,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD5FF89FCEFFD56FBC9FD68" author="GARDNER J. D." box="[873,1028,693,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" pagination="12 - 22" refId="ref11964" refString="GARDNER J. D. 2002. - Monophyly and intra-generic relationships of Albanerpeton (Lissamphibia; Albanerpetontidae). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22: 12 - 22. https: // doi. org / bbvjjv" type="journal article" year="2002">Gardner 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD5FF89FB94FD56FAEBFD68" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." box="[1042,1318,693,720]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal edge of the pars dorsalis is slightly swollen labiolingually and is roughened for abutting or weak sutural contact with the nasal. As seen in the five figured premaxillae, considerable variation is evident in the outline of the dorsal end of the pars dorsalis, the relative depth and width of the lateral dorsal notch along the upper portion of the pars dorsalis, and the outline of the laterally directed swelling immediately below the lateral dorsal notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FBA9FC56FB36FC77" box="[1071,1275,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3A, D, G, I, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The uppermost portion of the pars dorsalis labially bears a low bony boss that is weakly ornamented with irregular-shaped, small pits and low ridges. The remainder of the premaxillary labial surface is relatively smooth, aside from small and scattered nutritive foramina. Midway across its lower half, the lingual surface of the pars dorsalis bears a suprapalatal pit that faces lingually, is moderately large and undivided, has an asymmetrically ovoid to subtriangular outline, and is bounded laterally by an obliquely oriented bony strut (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FBF2FB37FAFAFB56" box="[1140,1335,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3C, F, H, J, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Preserved intact on just
|
||
<specimenCount id="238853A0FFD5FF89FC3CFB17FB86FAB5" box="[954,1099,1267,1294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132112 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FAB2FB10FA6CFAB6" box="[1332,1441,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the pars palatinum is a shallow, bony shelf that medially bears a lingually projecting, triangular vomerine process and laterally is expanded into a maxillary process for contact with the maxilla. The central portion of the pars palatinum is pierced by a prominent palatal foramen that opens into the floor of the suprapalatal pit. The palatal foramen is subcircular and varies in size, with its diameter ranging from approximately the same as the diameter of shafts of medial teeth on the same specimen to twice the diameter of those shafts. The pars dentalis is relatively deep. Five premaxillae preserve an intact tooth row, consisting of either seven or eight tooth positions (two and
|
||
<specimenCount id="238853A0FFD5FF89FC14F991FBF2F934" box="[914,1087,1650,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="395" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, respectively). Teeth are typical for albanerpetontids in being highly pleurodont, non-pedicellate, and closely spaced in a comb-like arrangement, in having shafts that are deep, straight, cylindrical, and slightly mesiodistally compressed, and in bearing chisel-shaped crowns that are labiolingually compressed and mesiodistally tricuspid, with the median cusp most prominent. Some premaxillae have fully functional teeth occupying all loci (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FAD1F8B2FCF4F834" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3C, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas others have one or several empty tooth slots (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FCADF872FC4DF814" box="[811,896,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). One of the figured examples (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD5FF89FB62F872FAF8F814" box="[1252,1333,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="395">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
) exhibits a nearly functional replacement tooth in its fifth locus from the mesial (= medial) end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61F1C8A1FFD4FF88FF02FA2AFE43F96B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" startId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" targetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFD4FF88FF02FA2AFE43F96B" blockId="7.[132,1457,1481,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
|
||
FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE01FA2AFE6BFA62" bold="true" box="[391,422,1481,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">A -L</emphasis>
|
||
) and maxillae (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FDA3FA2AFD84FA62" bold="true" box="[549,585,1481,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">M -S</emphasis>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F28EE3AAFFD4FF88FDECFA2AFBD3FA62" authority="Venczel & Gardner, 2005" authorityName="Venczel & Gardner" authorityYear="2005" box="[618,1054,1481,1498]" class="Amphibia" family="Albanerpetontidae" genus="Albanerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pannonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FDECFA2AFC8AFA62" box="[618,839,1481,1498]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Albanerpeton pannonicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD4FF88FCCBFA2AFBD3FA62" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." box="[845,1054,1481,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy:
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD15FA03FD78FA49" bold="true" box="[659,693,1504,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB04FA03FB42FA49" bold="true" box="[1154,1167,1504,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">A</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB66FA03FB20FA49" bold="true" box="[1248,1261,1504,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">B</emphasis>
|
||
), and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FAE5FA03FABCFA49" bold="true" box="[1379,1393,1504,1521]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M3;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE84FA15FEEFF9BF" bold="true" box="[258,290,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FCA5FA15FCFCF9BF" bold="true" box="[803,817,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">D</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC04FA15FC43F9BF" bold="true" box="[898,910,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">E</emphasis>
|
||
), and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB85FA15FBC3F9BF" bold="true" box="[1027,1038,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M4/5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB59FA15FB20F9BF" bold="true" box="[1247,1261,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB7EFA15FACBF9BF" bold="true" box="[1272,1286,1526,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">H</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE50F9EEFE29F9A6" bold="true" box="[470,484,1549,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">G</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FDD4F9EEFDADF9A6" bold="true" box="[594,608,1549,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">H</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from unrecorded layer;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FCE0F9EEFCA1F9A6" bold="true" box="[870,876,1549,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FCF0F9EEFC4DF9A6" bold="true" box="[886,896,1549,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">J</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FA06F9EEFA4BF9A6" bold="true" box="[1408,1414,1549,1566]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">I</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FF43F9C7FF02F98D" bold="true" box="[197,207,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">J</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M4/5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE25F9C7FE7DF98D" bold="true" box="[419,432,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">K</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE3DF9C7FE0BF98D" bold="true" box="[443,454,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">L</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC50F9C7FC2EF98D" bold="true" box="[982,995,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">K</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FBD5F9C7FB93F98D" bold="true" box="[1107,1118,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">L</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M7+25;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FAC7F9C7FAA5F98D" bold="true" box="[1345,1384,1572,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">M -O</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FDB0F9D9FD8AF9F3" bold="true" box="[566,583,1594,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">M</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual, (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD1BF9D9FD66F9F3" bold="true" box="[669,683,1594,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">N</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC99F9D9FCE3F9F3" bold="true" box="[799,814,1594,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">O</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from unrecorded layer;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FBBEF9D9FB89F9F3" bold="true" box="[1080,1092,1594,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">P</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FBD6F9D9FB92F9F3" bold="true" box="[1104,1119,1594,1611]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Q</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE3DF9B2FE0AF9DA" bold="true" box="[443,455,1617,1634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">P</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FDB1F9B2FD8BF9DA" bold="true" box="[567,582,1617,1634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Q</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M4/5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC9EF9B2FCE8F9DA" bold="true" box="[792,805,1617,1634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">R</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FCB6F9B2FCF1F9DA" bold="true" box="[816,828,1617,1634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">S</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FF4BF98BFF17F9C1" bold="true" box="[205,218,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">R</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FECFF98BFE98F9C1" bold="true" box="[329,341,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">S</emphasis>
|
||
) views, surface collected. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD28F98BFD74F9C1" bold="true" box="[686,697,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">b</emphasis>
|
||
, boss;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD71F98BFCCAF9C1" bold="true" box="[759,775,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">fjl</emphasis>
|
||
, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB2AF98BFB00F9C1" bold="true" box="[1196,1229,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">inm</emphasis>
|
||
, internal narial margin;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FA09F98BFA67F9C1" bold="true" box="[1423,1450,1640,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">ldn</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral dorsal notch;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FEB6F99DFE81F937" bold="true" box="[304,332,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">mp</emphasis>
|
||
, maxillary process;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE72F99DFDC6F937" bold="true" box="[500,523,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">mt</emphasis>
|
||
, misshaped functional tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC82F99DFCEEF937" bold="true" box="[772,803,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">mrt</emphasis>
|
||
, misshaped replacement tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FBB5F99DFB84F937" bold="true" box="[1075,1097,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">np</emphasis>
|
||
, nasal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB55F99DFACDF937" bold="true" box="[1235,1280,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">pden</emphasis>
|
||
, pars dentalis;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FA06F99DFA64F937" bold="true" box="[1408,1449,1662,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">pdor</emphasis>
|
||
, pars dorsalis;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FF7AF976FED3F91E" bold="true" box="[252,286,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">pdp</emphasis>
|
||
, premaxillary dorsal process;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD9BF976FDF7F91E" bold="true" box="[541,570,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">pfo</emphasis>
|
||
, palatal foramen;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD52F976FD3DF91E" bold="true" box="[724,752,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">plp</emphasis>
|
||
, premaxillary lateral process;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FC68F976FBD9F91E" bold="true" box="[1006,1044,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">ppal</emphasis>
|
||
, pars palatinum;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FB2FF976FB7AF91E" bold="true" box="[1193,1207,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">rt</emphasis>
|
||
, replacement tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FAEEF976FA44F91E" bold="true" box="[1384,1417,1685,1702]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">spp</emphasis>
|
||
, suprapalatal pit;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FF7AF94FFECEF905" bold="true" box="[252,259,1708,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">t</emphasis>
|
||
, functional teeth;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FE1FF94FFE67F905" bold="true" box="[409,426,1708,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">ts</emphasis>
|
||
, tooth slot;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FD8BF94FFDEFF905" bold="true" box="[525,546,1708,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">vp</emphasis>
|
||
, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSection id="5C0181C2FFD4FF87FF02F8F1FCCEF914" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFD4FF88FF02F8F1FEA8F894" blockId="7.[132,357,1810,1836]" box="[132,357,1810,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
|
||
<heading id="6E792F45FFD4FF88FF02F8F1FEA8F894" box="[132,357,1810,1836]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD4FF88FF02F8F1FEA8F894" box="[132,357,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
|
||
Maxillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD4FF88FF76F8F1FEE0F894" box="[240,301,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M-S)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFD4FF88FF02F8D2FCC4F853" blockId="7.[132,777,1841,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
|
||
The most nearly complete and informative of the eight maxillary specimens is MGPT-PU 132307 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD4FF88FDFCF8B2FD71F8D4" box="[634,700,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
M-O), a right maxilla missing only a small piece from the anteroventral portion of its premaxillary lateral process and the distal ends of five teeth. Considering the minor amount of breakage at its anterior end, the specimen’s preserved
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFD4FF88FCA9F8F1FA63F853" blockId="7.[811,1457,1810,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">
|
||
maximum length of
|
||
<quantity id="F27635CCFFD4FF88FB92F8F1FBA1F894" box="[1044,1132,1810,1836]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="396" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
likely reflects the true size of that maxilla. Although the other two figured specimens are less nearly complete, when intact those maxillae would have been slightly smaller (MGPT-PU 132012:
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD4FF88FA81F892FABBF833" box="[1287,1398,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3P, Q</figureCitation>
|
||
) and larger (MGPT-PU 132014:
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFD4FF88FBE3F872FB18F813" box="[1125,1237,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="396">Fig. 3R, S</figureCitation>
|
||
) in their maximum lengths compared to MGPT-PU 132307. As best shown by MGPT-PU 132307 and, to a lesser extent by MGPT-PU
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FF02FF34FCCEF914" blockId="8.[131,777,215,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
132012, in overall form the maxilla is moderately elongate, low, and triangular in labial or lingual outline. The pars dorsalis increases in height anteriorly, culminating in the dorsally projecting, triangular nasal process having a leading edge that is either nearly vertical or shallowly concave in labial or lingual outline (cf.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FE58FE94FDF5FE29" box="[478,568,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
vs
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FDDDFE94FD07FE29" box="[603,714,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3P, R</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pars dorsalis extends forward below and past the level of the nasal process as a moderately elongate premaxillary lateral process that, in life, labially (= laterally) overlapped with a corresponding facet on the premaxilla (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FD32FE15FE85FD89" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 1A). The intact premaxillary lateral process preserved on MGPT-PU 132014 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FD2AFDD5FF5EFDC8" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3R, S</figureCitation>
|
||
) is bluntly pointed in labial or lingual outline. From the posterior base of the nasal process backwards to the posterior end of the bone, the dorsal surface of the pars facialis is slightly flattened where, in life, it was overlain by the jugal and lacrimal (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FEB8FD36FD82FD48" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." box="[318,591,725,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 4). The labial surface of the maxilla is smooth, aside from a few small external nutritive foramina arranged in a loose row along about the anterior one-half of the bone. The lingual surface of the maxilla bears a lingually directed, shelf-like pars palatinum that is broadest anteriorly and narrows posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FF60FC76FE8DFC17" box="[230,320,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior end of the pars palatinum is expanded into the premaxillary dorsal process that, in life, dorsally overlapped onto the similarly expanded lateral portion (= maxillary process) of the pars palatinum on the premaxilla. More posteriorly, the medial edge of the pars palatinum is indented by a shallow concavity forming the lateral margin of the internal narial opening and the dorsal surface of the shelf bears short ridges and a trough for contact, in life, with palatal bones. The pars dentalis is deepest anteriorly, becomes shallower posteriorly, and its ventral margin is essentially straight in labial or lingual outline. Starting at a point approximately below the leading edge of the nasal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FEA7FAF0FE59FA96" box="[289,404,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3N, S</figureCitation>
|
||
), the maxillary tooth row extends backwards to the posterior end of the bone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FDF6FAD0FD04FAF6" box="[624,713,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only maxilla with an intact tooth row, MGPT-PU 132307 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FF08FA90FF25FA36" box="[142,232,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
|
||
), has 19 tooth positions comprised of 13 intact teeth, five broken tooth shafts, and one empty tooth slot. Teeth are similar in form, attachment, and arrangement to the premaxillary teeth. Maxillary teeth are weakly heterodont in size, being longest about one-third of the distance along the tooth row. MGPT-PU 132012 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FDA4F9F1FDB6F995" box="[546,635,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3Q</figureCitation>
|
||
) preserves a misshaped, slightly procurved replacement tooth in the fifth preserved locus from the mesial (= anterior) end, whereas MGPT-PU 132014 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FEE0F991FE7DF934" box="[358,432,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,1481,1498]" captionTargetBox="[145,1444,215,1448]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[132,1455,209,1456]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Isolated premaxillae (A-L) and maxillae (M-S) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132112, complete left premaxilla, in labial (A), ventral (B), and lingual (C) views, from layer M3; D-F, MGPT-PU 132001, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (D), ventral (E), and lingual (F) views, from layer M4/5; G, H, MGPT-PU 132165, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (G) and lingual (H) views, from unrecorded layer; I, J, MGPT-PU 132232, nearly complete left premaxilla, in labial (I) and lingual (J) views, from layer M4/5; K, L, MGPT-PU 132648, nearly complete right premaxilla, in labial (K) and lingual (L) views, from layer M7+25; M-O, MGPT- PU 132307, nearly complete right maxilla, in labial (M), lingual, (N), and dorsal (O) views, from unrecorded layer; P, Q, MGPT-PU 132012, left maxilla missing anterior and posterior ends, in labial (P) and lingual (Q) views, from layer M4/5; R, S, MGPT-PU 132014, left maxilla preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (R) and lingual (S) views, surface collected. Abbreviations: b, boss; fjl, flattened area for contact with jugal and lacrimal; inm, internal narial margin; ldn, lateral dorsal notch; mp, maxillary process; mt, misshaped functional tooth; mrt, misshaped replacement tooth; np, nasal process; pden, pars dentalis; pdor, pars dorsalis; pdp, premaxillary dorsal process; pfo, palatal foramen; plp, premaxillary lateral process; ppal, pars palatinum; rt, replacement tooth; spp, suprapalatal pit; t, functional teeth; ts, tooth slot; vp, vomerine process. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. All specimens are depicted at same magnification. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075558" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075558/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 3S</figureCitation>
|
||
) preserves a similarly misshaped functional tooth in the second locus from the mesial end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="5C0181C2FFDBFF87FF02F930FBCCFA35" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FF02F930FEBAF954" blockId="8.[132,375,1746,1772]" box="[132,375,1746,1772]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<heading id="6E792F45FFDBFF87FF02F930FEBAF954" box="[132,375,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDBFF87FF02F930FEBAF954" box="[132,375,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
Dentaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FF7DF930FEF7F954" box="[251,314,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A-M)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FF02F911FCCAF853" blockId="8.[131,775,1778,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
None of the 35 dentaries is complete, but collectively they document much of the structure of this element. The most nearly complete specimen is MGPT-PU 132003 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FD08F8D2FD07F8F4" box="[654,714,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C), a right dentary preserving about the anterior four-fifths of the bone, including the entire tooth-bearing region and the anterior part of the area for attachment of the post-dentary bones. As best shown by MGPT-PU 132003, the dentary is elongate and moderately deep along its length in labial
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FCA8FF3BFBCCFA35" blockId="8.[811,1457,215,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
or lingual view, and is broadly curved in dorsal or ventral view. In labial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FB8BFF14FB16FEAA" box="[1037,1243,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4A, D, G, J, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), the dorsal edge of the tooth-bearing region is essentially horizontal. Behind the tooth row, the dorsal edge bears a low, almost indistinct, dorsally directed swelling and, more posteriorly, the dorsal edge descends shallowly above the area for attachment of the post-dentary bones. The labial surface of the bone is unornamented, although it is slightly roughened and, along the tooth-bearing portion, is perforated by a half dozen or more, moderate sized external nutritive foramina loosely arranged in either one or two horizontal rows (cf.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FCABFDD5FC4CFDE8" box="[813,897,566,592]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
vs
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FC22FDD5FBD0FDE9" box="[932,1053,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). As seen in lingual and dorsal views (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FCB0FDB5FB96FDC8" box="[822,1115,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4B, E, H and C, F. I</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively), the symphyseal end of the dentary consists of an anteriorly swollen, flat, vertical face and, more posteriorly, bears either one or two short, medioposteriorly directed prongs that, in life, formed a mortise-in-tenon style inter-symphyseal joint. The toothbearing portion consists of a relatively tall dental parapet that becomes shallower posteriorly and a well-developed subdental shelf with a gutter-like dorsal surface. The subdental shelf becomes narrower and deeper posteriorly. Near the end of the tooth row, the subdental shelf is perforated by the large posterior opening for the Meckelian canal and, more posteriorly, in the area lingually (= medially) overlain in life by the post-dentary bones (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FB5EFC37FCABFBB7" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 5A, D), the lingual surface of the dentary is shallowly concave and bears thin, posteriorly extending bony ridges. The few specimens preserving a complete or nearly complete tooth row (e.g., MGPT-PU 132003:
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FCA9FB97FCA7FB36" box="[815,874,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C) indicate that 20-25 tooth positions were present. Teeth are similar in form, attachment, and arrangement to those on the upper jaws and, like on the maxilla, dentary teeth are weakly heterodont in size, with the longest teeth occurring about one-third of the distance along the tooth row. The anterior portion of a right dentary, MGPT-PU 132010 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FC15FAD0FBC2FAF6" box="[915,1039,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), is notable for having an anomalous, plate-like patch of bone developed on the underside of its symphyseal region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="5C0181C2FFDBFF85FCABFA50FED3FDA8" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FCABFA50FBD1FA75" blockId="8.[813,1052,1459,1485]" box="[813,1052,1459,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
<heading id="6E792F45FFDBFF87FCABFA50FBD1FA75" box="[813,1052,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDBFF87FCABFA50FBD1FA75" box="[813,1052,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
Vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FC26FA57FC12FA75" box="[928,991,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
N-U)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDBFF87FCABFA30FA60F853" blockId="8.[811,1455,1491,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">
|
||
Although incomplete and less distinctive than the abovedescribed jaws, albanerpetontid post-atlantal vertebrae can be recognized by a suite of features (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FB10F9F0FA65F994" author="ESTES R. & HOFFSTETTER R." box="[1174,1448,1554,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="297 - 343" refId="ref11343" refString="ESTES R. & HOFFSTETTER R. 1976. - Les Urodeles du Miocene de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isere, France). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e Serie, Sciences de la Terre 57 (398): 297 - 343. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55505209" type="journal article" year="1976">Estes & Hoffstetter 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FCABF9D0FC6AF9F5" author="ESTES R." box="[813,935,1587,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" refId="ref11308" refString="ESTES R. 1981. - Gymnophiona, Caudata, in WELLNHOFER P. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology. Part 2. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 115 p." type="book" year="1981">Estes 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FC3EF9D0FBA2F9F4" author="MCGOWAN G. J." box="[952,1135,1586,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="227 - 234" refId="ref12920" refString="MCGOWAN G. J. 1996. - Albanerpetontid amphibians from the Jurassic (Bathonian) of southern England, in MORALES M. (ed.), The continental Jurassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60: 227 - 234." type="journal article" year="1996">McGowan 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FB06F9D1FA86F9F5" author="WIECHMANN M. F." box="[1152,1355,1586,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" refId="ref14226" refString="WIECHMANN M. F. 2003. - Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia) aus dem Mesozoikum der Iberischen Halbinsel und dem Neogen von Suddeutschland. PhD dissertation, Institut fur Geologische Wissenschaften - Fachrichtung Palaontologie der Freien Universitat Berlin, 179 p." type="book" year="2003">Wiechmann 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FADDF9D1FC28F9D5" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FC75F9B1FAEFF9D4" author="SWEETMAN S. C. & GARDNER J. D." box="[1011,1314,1618,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="295 - 324" refId="ref13698" refString="SWEETMAN S. C. & GARDNER J. D. 2013. - A new albanerpetontid amphibian from the Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight, southern England. Acta Paleontologica Polonica 58: 295 - 324. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2011.0109" type="journal article" year="2013">Sweetman & Gardner 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDBFF87FAB6F9B0FC05F934" author="MATSUMOTO R. & EVANS S. E." pageId="8" pageNumber="397" pagination="0189767" refId="ref12869" refString="MATSUMOTO R. & EVANS S. E. 2018. - The first record of albanerpetontid amphibians (Amphibia: Albanerpetontidae) from East Asia. PLoS ONE 13 (1): e 0189767. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0189767" type="journal article" year="2018">Matsumoto & Evans 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including: small size; centra amphicoelous, notochordal, external surfaces relatively smooth, and bearing donut-like ring of calcification around cotylar rims; no spinal foramina; and unicipital rib-bearers. Two trunk vertebrae and one sacral vertebra are available from Moncucco Torinese; here we figure the better preserved trunk vertebra (MGPT-PU 132015:
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FB90F8D2FB9EF8F4" box="[1046,1107,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
N-P) and the sole sacral vertebra (MGPT-PU 132017:
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDBFF87FB89F8B2FB87F8D4" box="[1039,1098,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="397">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-U). All
|
||
<specimenCount id="238853A0FFDBFF87FB31F8B2FA91F8D3" box="[1207,1372,1873,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are tiny (maximum centra lengths =
|
||
<quantity id="F27635CCFFDBFF87FBD5F892FB1AF834" box="[1107,1239,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="397" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2-1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Each consists of an intact centrum, the broken bases of the neural arch walls, and varying amounts of the transverse processes. Judging from the broken bases of the neural arch walls, the neural arches and
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDAFF86FB2AFB10FB07FABF" blockId="9.[1196,1226,1267,1287]" box="[1196,1226,1267,1287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">rcc</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61F1C8A1FFDAFF86FF02FACDFB19F9DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="398" startId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" targetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDAFF86FF02FACDFB19F9DE" blockId="9.[132,1457,1326,1638]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">
|
||
FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEF5FACDFE55FA87" bold="true" box="[371,408,1326,1343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">A -M</emphasis>
|
||
) and vertebrae (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDA6FACDFD8EFA87" bold="true" box="[544,579,1326,1343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">N -U</emphasis>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F28EE3AAFFDAFF86FDE5FACDFBD8FA87" authority="Venczel & Gardner, 2005" authorityName="Venczel & Gardner" authorityYear="2005" box="[611,1045,1326,1343]" class="Amphibia" family="Albanerpetontidae" genus="Albanerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="9" pageNumber="398" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pannonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDE5FACDFCF2FA87" box="[611,831,1326,1343]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">Albanerpeton pannonicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFDAFF86FCC3FACDFBD8FA87" author="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D." box="[837,1045,1326,1343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398" pagination="1273 - 1300" refId="ref13926" refString="VENCZEL M. & GARDNER J. D. 2005. - The geologically youngest albanerpetontid amphibian, from the lower Pliocene of Hungary. Palaeontology 48: 1273 - 1300. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1475 - 4983.2005.00512. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Venczel & Gardner, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy:
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDFEFAA7FD57FAED" bold="true" box="[632,666,1348,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">A -C</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE06FAB8FE40FAD4" bold="true" box="[384,397,1371,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">A</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE5CFAB8FE2AFAD4" bold="true" box="[474,487,1371,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">B</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDD0FAB8FDA9FAD4" bold="true" box="[598,612,1371,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">C</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FCA7FAB8FC8CFAD4" bold="true" box="[801,833,1371,1388]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">D -F</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FF49FA91FF10FA3B" bold="true" box="[207,221,1394,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">D</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEABFA91FEF4FA3B" bold="true" box="[301,313,1394,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">E</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE2BFA91FE75FA3B" bold="true" box="[429,440,1394,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">F</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M3/4;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD0BFA91FD65FA3B" bold="true" box="[653,680,1394,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">G -I</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FCFCFA6AFC45FA22" bold="true" box="[890,904,1417,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">G</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FC53FA6AFC2EFA22" bold="true" box="[981,995,1417,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">H</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FBD7FA6AFB9AFA22" bold="true" box="[1105,1111,1417,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">I</emphasis>
|
||
) views, surface collected;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FAA9FA6AFAF4FA22" bold="true" box="[1327,1337,1417,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">J</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FAC4FA6AFA82FA22" bold="true" box="[1346,1359,1417,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">K</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FAC7FA7CFA86FA08" bold="true" box="[1345,1355,1439,1456]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">J</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FF0FFA55FF5BFA7F" bold="true" box="[137,150,1462,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">K</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M3;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEDFFA55FEA9FA7F" bold="true" box="[345,356,1462,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">L</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEE9FA55FE4DFA7F" bold="true" box="[367,384,1462,1479]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">M</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEFBFA2EFE45FA66" bold="true" box="[381,392,1485,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">L</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE7EFA2EFDC4FA66" bold="true" box="[504,521,1485,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">M</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M4/5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD5BFA2EFD33FA66" bold="true" box="[733,766,1485,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">N -P</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FA1AFA2EFA67FA66" bold="true" box="[1436,1450,1485,1502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">N</emphasis>
|
||
) view, in ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE8EFA00FEDAFA4C" bold="true" box="[264,279,1507,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">O</emphasis>
|
||
) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD19FA00FD66FA4C" bold="true" box="[671,683,1507,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">P</emphasis>
|
||
) view, from layer M4/5;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FCF7FA00FC59FA4C" bold="true" box="[881,916,1507,1524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">Q -U</emphasis>
|
||
, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FF78FA19FEC0F9B3" bold="true" box="[254,269,1530,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">Q</emphasis>
|
||
) view, in dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE11FA19FE69F9B3" bold="true" box="[407,420,1530,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">R</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD93FA19FDECF9B3" bold="true" box="[533,545,1530,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">S</emphasis>
|
||
) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FBDFFA19FBA9F9B3" bold="true" box="[1113,1124,1530,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">T</emphasis>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FB60FA19FB39F9B3" bold="true" box="[1254,1268,1530,1547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">U</emphasis>
|
||
) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE84F9F2FEE3F99A" bold="true" box="[258,302,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">aapd</emphasis>
|
||
, area for attachment of post-dentary bones;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD2EF9F2FD73F99A" bold="true" box="[680,702,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">ab</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior basapophysis;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FC0BF9F2FC6FF99A" bold="true" box="[909,930,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">ac</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior cotyle;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FBA9F9F2FBF7F99A" bold="true" box="[1071,1082,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">c</emphasis>
|
||
, centrum;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FB13F9F2FB61F99A" bold="true" box="[1173,1196,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">dp</emphasis>
|
||
, dental parapet;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FABDF9F2FAAFF99A" bold="true" box="[1339,1378,1553,1570]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">enfo</emphasis>
|
||
, external nutritive foramina;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FEA6F9C4FE88F980" bold="true" box="[288,325,1575,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">naw</emphasis>
|
||
, broken base of neural arch wall;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDE5F9C4FD49F980" bold="true" box="[611,644,1575,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">ncp</emphasis>
|
||
, notochordal pit;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FC9FF9C4FC8DF980" bold="true" box="[793,832,1575,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">oMc</emphasis>
|
||
, opening for Meckelian canal;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FBC4F9C4FB92F980" bold="true" box="[1090,1119,1575,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">rcc</emphasis>
|
||
, rim of calcified cartilage;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FABAF9C4FA9CF980" bold="true" box="[1340,1361,1575,1592]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">sd</emphasis>
|
||
, subdental shelf;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FF31F9DDFF01F9F7" bold="true" box="[183,204,1598,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">sp</emphasis>
|
||
, symphyseal prongs;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FE01F9DDFE43F9F7" bold="true" box="[391,398,1598,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">t</emphasis>
|
||
, functional teeth;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FDA0F9DDFDF5F9F7" bold="true" box="[550,568,1598,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">tp</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse process;
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFDAFF86FD68F9DDFD32F9F7" bold="true" box="[750,767,1598,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">ts</emphasis>
|
||
, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="35319829FFDAFF85FF02F951FED3FDA8" blockId="9.[130,776,1714,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[131,776,215,528]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">
|
||
canals were broad. In each specimen, the centrum is deeply amphicoelous and perforated by a persistent or open notochord, the anterior and posterior cotyles are rimmed with a donut-like ring of calcified cartilage, and no spinal foramina or ventromedian keel are present. In both trunk vertebrae, the centrum is relatively elongate and somewhat hourglass-shaped (i.e., moderately constricted midway along its length), the anterior and posterior cotyles are subcircular in outline, and a faint ridge extends posteriorly and slightly laterally along either side of the ventral midline. On both trunk vertebrae, the broken bases of the transverse processes are positioned low on the broken neural arch wall, slightly forward of the anteroposterior midpoint of the centrum. Judging by their broken bases, the transverse processes were rod-shaped. Trunk vertebra MGPT-PU 132015 bears weakly-developed anterior basapophyses in the form of low, anteroposteriorly short knobs that barely extend forward beyond the anterior cotylar rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDAFF86FC31F872FC3BF813" box="[951,1014,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
N-P); the other trunk vertebra (MGPT- PU 132016: unfigured) lacks anterior basapophyses. We identify MGPT-PU 132017 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADB584ACFFDAFF86FBEDF832FB65F853" box="[1131,1192,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1326,1343]" captionTargetBox="[144,1444,214,1273]" captionTargetId="figure-195@9.[132,1455,201,1290]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 4. — Isolated dentaries (A-M) and vertebrae (N-U) of Albanerpeton pannonicum Venczel & Gardner, 2005 from the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) locality of Moncucco Torinese, Piedmont Basin, northwestern Italy: A-C, MGPT-PU 132003, right dentary preserving about anterior four-fifths of bone, including entire tooth-bearing region, in labial (A), lingual (B), and dorsal (C) views, from layer M5; D-F, MGPT-PU 132643, left dentary preserving about anterior one-half of bone, in labial (D), lingual (E), and dorsal (F) views, from layer M3/4; G-I, MGPT-PU 132010, right dentary preserving about anterior one-third of bone and exhibiting anomalous,plate-like bony growth (arrow) on ventral surface of symphyseal region,in labial (G), lingual (H), and dorsal (I) views, surface collected; J, K, MGPT-PU 132631, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (J) and lingual (K) views, from layer M3; L, M, MGPT-PU 132638, left dentary preserving posterior portion of tooth-bearing region and adjacent part of area for attachment of post-dentary bones, in labial (L) and lingual (M) views, from layer M4/5; N-P, MGPT-PU 132015, trunk vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (N) view, in ventral (O) view with anterior end to right, and in anterior (P) view, from layer M4/5; Q-U, MGPT-PU 132017, sacral vertebra missing much of neural arch, in right lateral (Q) view, in dorsal (R) and ventral (S) views, both with anterior end towards top of figure, and in anterior (T) and posterior (U) views, from layer M4. Abbreviations: aapd, area for attachment of post-dentary bones; ab, anterior basapophysis; ac, anterior cotyle; c, centrum; dp, dental parapet; enfo, external nutritive foramina; naw, broken base of neural arch wall; ncp, notochordal pit; oMc, opening for Meckelian canal; rcc, rim of calcified cartilage; sd, subdental shelf; sp, symphyseal prongs; t, functional teeth; tp, transverse process; ts, tooth slot. All images are photographs of undusted specimens. Dentaries (upper scale bar) are depicted at same magnification and vertebrae (lower scale bar) are depicted at same magnification. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075560" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075560/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="398">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
Q-U) as a sacral vertebra because its centrum is relatively broad and anteroposteriorly short, not constricted, and slightly flattened dorsoventrally, it lacks basapophyses, and it bears deep and stout transverse processes that arise lower on the neural arch wall. Although the form of the transverse processes on MGPT-PU 132017 resembles those on anteriormost trunk vertebrae figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="511FE5D8FFD9FF85FF03FE74FE67FE08" author="ESTES R. & HOFFSTETTER R." box="[133,426,406,433]" pageId="10" pageNumber="399" pagination="297 - 343" refId="ref11343" refString="ESTES R. & HOFFSTETTER R. 1976. - Les Urodeles du Miocene de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isere, France). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 e Serie, Sciences de la Terre 57 (398): 297 - 343. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 55505209" type="journal article" year="1976">Estes & Hoffstetter (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2A, B, pl. VI, 12, 13) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F28EE3AAFFD9FF85FF00FE55FE6CFE68" authorityName="Estes & Hoffstetter" authorityYear="1976" box="[134,417,438,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Albanerpetontidae" genus="Albanerpeton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="10" pageNumber="399" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inexpectatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="07FA443BFFD9FF85FF00FE55FE6CFE68" box="[134,417,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="399">Albanerpeton inexpectatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter specimens differ from MGPT-PU
|
||
<quantity id="F27635CCFFD9FF85FE8FFE35FEB6FE48" box="[265,379,470,496]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3532317999999997" pageId="10" pageNumber="399" unit="in" value="132017.0">132017 in</quantity>
|
||
bearing both anterior and posterior basapophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |