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<document id="18B83DC574A7B26B08684DE311103196" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c199b92-053a-4666-8806-25e56d1a9248" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="217619" ID-ZooBank="7BE28464-2EC4-4621-8791-79312948C8C9" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460585087004" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moghaddam, Masumeh" docDate="2013" docId="812687FDD7243945FF0AFF66FD8D9E47" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03632p107.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3632 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Planococcus ficus Signoret" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="7D1FFF85D7663907FF9DFFF1FFC39803" masterDocTitle="A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna" masterLastPageNumber="107" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698325029736" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="865F5D29C4F4440B1DF5D025F2E81AC6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AB4CB7CC15A1EBBE7664981C850C7887">
<mods:title id="0C2BAFF5F50537452721EF3B34A1C80C">A review of the mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae, Putoidae and Rhizoecidae) of Iran, with descriptions of four new species and three new records for the Iranian fauna</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="30DB814FD770493EB00B28FFFD2D6403" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6C996F12E5925CE07691ECF8167D03DE">
<mods:roleTerm id="8E92D2DB9612ED7C83EE772D0FAAB0A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DF7A1613D4F7E7BEDF1A7D562B99B242">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2EB1CD878E1A638F948A9799BCD1C021">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="AAE9CEEF2AFE9FC5CB4D6FCA6DA75EA2" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="234B808A77C13AFBFC43A650390A78A8">
<mods:title id="1790D30A6E0DEF317D5550265781F320">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AE934E819830681B17F72DB98B1D2E81">
<mods:date id="44425AFE19C726464F713E76046B2888">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C1047603EEB1C3615097215E91B436A5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="55ED56299C1A566B4200C6EEE90D1FEF">3632</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8A5B166962E52885D0E35532A50CB38F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="C0DA6302FDCA65A86421C2D1FB1DD6EE">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="7A5F49E818E0F69254329A6149D86D2A" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A843C12EFB6E3B87E3E78B635CC16786">1</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="9142365B93D82855D32007DDE0A244A3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0967F29E7335C8D1546F4B06CAD116FB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3632.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E60C1EDD5103E7D0EDAF5F61FBB8E44A" type="GBIF-Dataset">9c199b92-053a-4666-8806-25e56d1a9248</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F1064AF33A81BCBE032E4F5EADB519A8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="06852313D061E032EE8157FCF9C08864" type="Zenodo-Dep">217619</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F0EDD5A30B682F65B5B3670CDDB50BD2" type="ZooBank">7BE28464-2EC4-4621-8791-79312948C8C9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="812687FDD7243945FF0AFF66FD8D9E47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5610502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5610502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:812687FDD7243945FF0AFF66FD8D9E47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/812687FDD7243945FF0AFF66FD8D9E47" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection id="41956560D7243945FF0AFF66FF379934" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF0AFF66FE3598B2" blockId="66.[151,502,151,210]" box="[151,502,151,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<heading id="52788187D7243945FF0AFF66FE3598B2" bold="true" box="[151,502,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FF0AFF66FE3598B2" ID-CoL="77P3J" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,502,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Planococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFF66FE3598B2" bold="true" box="[151,502,151,177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFF66FEB198B2" bold="true" box="[151,370,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Planococcus ficus</emphasis>
(Signoret)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF0AFF4BFF3A98D1" blockId="66.[151,502,151,210]" box="[151,249,186,210]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
(
<figureCitation id="91B42A6ED7243945FF02FF4BFF3298D1" box="[159,241,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="65.[151,250,1979,2002]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,197,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@65.[151,1436,175,1957]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 36. Adult female Planococcus ficus (Signoret)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/217651/files/figure.png" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF0AFEF3FF379934" blockId="66.[151,1437,258,311]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FF0AFEF3FDE8991B" authority="Signoret, 1875a: 315" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="315" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,555,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFEF3FE8A991B" box="[151,329,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dactylopius ficus</emphasis>
Signoret, 1875a: 315
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FDABFEF3FBCD991B" authority="Hempel, 1901: 388" authorityName="Hempel" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1901" box="[566,1038,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subterraneus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FDABFEF3FCFE991B" box="[566,829,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Dactylopius subterraneus</emphasis>
Hempel, 1901: 388
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB87FEF3FF339934" authority="Ferris, 1922: 208" authorityName="Ferris" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Pseudococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrioides">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB87FEF3FAD2991B" box="[1050,1297,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pseudococcus citrioides</emphasis>
Ferris, 1922: 208
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41956560D7243945FF0AFE92FC179ABC" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF0AFE92FC179ABC" blockId="66.[151,1437,355,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFE92FEF8997F" bold="true" box="[151,315,355,380]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DIAGNOSIS.</emphasis>
Body of adult female oval. Antennae 8 segmented. Legs well developed; with translucent pores on hind coxa, tibia, and sometimes on femur. Cerarii numbering 18 pairs, each bearing 2 conical setae, these becoming more slender and with more flagellate tips towards anterior end of body. Circulus quadrate, divided by an intersegmental line. Ostioles well developed. Dorsal and ventral setae long and flagellate. Multilocular disc pores present on venter only, posterior to vulva, and in more or less single rows across posterior edges of abdominal segments III–VII; occasionally also present on abdominal segment II, at anterior edges of abdominal segments V–VII, and on margins, sometimes as far forward as abdominal segment II; others may be present or absent on medial area of thorax. Trilocular pores evenly distributed on dorsum and venter. Discoidal pores sparse on both dorsum and venter. Dorsal oral collar ducts present next to some cerarii; ventral ducts present across abdominal segments and medially and marginally on thorax, and sometimes on head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41956560D7243945FF5AFD3AFC389B4C" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF5AFD3AFC389B4C" blockId="66.[151,1437,355,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF5AFD3AFE559AE7" bold="true" box="[199,406,715,740]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
. Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic:
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FBABFD3DFB019AE7" box="[1078,1218,716,740]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FB53FD3DFA8F9AE7" box="[1230,1356,716,740]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
, Crete,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FF0AFD1EFF289B04" box="[151,235,751,775]" name="Cyprus" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FF6AFD01FEFE9B0B" box="[247,317,752,776]" name="Egypt" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FED4FD01FE5B9B04" box="[329,408,752,775]" name="France" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE39FD1EFE359B04" box="[420,502,751,775]" name="Greece" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FD9FFD01FDF19B04" box="[514,562,752,775]" name="Iraq" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Iraq</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FDA3FD01FDAD9B04" box="[574,622,752,775]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FDE7FD1EFD6D9B04" box="[634,686,751,775]" name="Italy" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FD26FD1EFCCA9B04" box="[699,777,751,775]" name="Jordan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Jordan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FC89FD1EFC9B9B04" box="[788,856,751,775]" name="Libya" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Libya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FCF9FD1EFC069B04" box="[868,965,751,775]" name="Portugal" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FC4FFD1EFBE39B04" box="[978,1056,751,775]" name="Russia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FBB1FD1EFB009B04" box="[1068,1219,751,775]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FB52FD1EFA839B04" box="[1231,1344,751,775]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FAD1FD1EFA5F9B04" box="[1356,1436,751,775]" name="Turkey" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FF57FCE5FEAB9B2F" box="[202,360,788,812]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE07FCE4FE099B2F" box="[410,458,789,812]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE44FCE4FDE99B2F" box="[473,554,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. f i c u s</emphasis>
occurs in Elborz,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FC96FCE4FCFD9B2F" box="[779,830,789,812]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fars</collectingCountry>
, Gilan, Ghom, Khorasan, Khouzestan, Markazi and Tehran. It is known from 17 plant families worldwide (Ben-Dov et al., 2012).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41956560D7243945FF5AFCAAFD879C4F" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF5AFCAAFD879C4F" blockId="66.[151,1437,355,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF5AFCAAFDC09B77" bold="true" box="[199,515,859,884]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FD88FCADFDA59B77" bold="true" box="[533,614,860,884]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Elborz</emphasis>
: Karaj, Rajai Shahr,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FCC1FCADFC689B77" box="[860,939,860,884]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FBBDFCACFB9D9B77" box="[1056,1118,861,884]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FBBDFCACFB9D9B77" box="[1056,1118,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FBF5FCACFAE79B77" authority="(Ficaeae)" authorityName="Ficaeae" baseAuthorityName="Ficaeae" box="[1128,1316,860,884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FBF5FCACFB6C9B77" box="[1128,1199,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">carica</emphasis>
(Ficaeae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FAAFFCADFA5F9B77" box="[1330,1436,860,884]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2003-11-01">1.xi.2003</date>
(Rastegar).
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE81FC71FE919B9B" bold="true" box="[284,338,896,920]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE81FC71FE919B9B" box="[284,338,896,920]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fars</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Estahban,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FE41FC8EFDEF9B94" box="[476,556,895,919]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">5 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FD0BFC70FD3F9B9B" box="[662,764,897,920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FD0BFC70FD3F9B9B" box="[662,764,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">F. carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FC90FC8EFCBB9B94" box="[781,888,895,919]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2003-06-01">1.vi.2003</date>
(Zibaii); Shiraz,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FBDDFC8EFB539B94" box="[1088,1168,895,919]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB7BFC70FECE9BBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB7BFC70FA5F9B9B" box="[1254,1436,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Vitis californica</emphasis>
(Vitaceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FE83FC55FE4D9BBF" box="[286,398,932,956]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1998-05-31">31.v.1998</date>
, (Unknown).
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FDABFC52FD429BBF" bold="true" box="[566,641,931,956]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Ghom</emphasis>
: Ghom, Salariyeh,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FCF2FC55FC019BBF" box="[879,962,932,956]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FBADFC54FA5B9BBF" box="[1072,1432,932,956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FBADFC54FB399BBF" box="[1072,1274,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Punica granatum</emphasis>
(Lythraceae)
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FF0AFC36FEE29BDC" box="[151,289,967,991]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2000-08-28">28.viii.2000</date>
, (Unknown).
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE53FC39FD119BE3" bold="true" box="[462,722,967,992]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Khorasan –e Razavi</emphasis>
: Neyshabour,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FC15FC36FC1C9BDC" box="[904,991,967,991]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">4 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FBC1FC38FA5A9BDC" authority="Unknown" authorityName="Unknown" box="[1116,1433,967,992]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FBC1FC38FBAA9BE3" box="[1116,1129,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">V</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB1FFC39FB3E9BE3" box="[1154,1277,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">californica</emphasis>
, (Unknown)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFC1DFEE79C07" bold="true" box="[151,292,1004,1028]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Khouzestan</emphasis>
: Ahvaz, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FE2CFC1CFD8B9C07" box="[433,584,1004,1028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE2CFC1CFE7D9C07" box="[433,446,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">V</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE50FC1DFD8B9C07" box="[461,584,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FDCAFC1DFD0A9C07" box="[599,713,1004,1028]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1990-05-10">10.v.1990</date>
; Baghmalek,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FCF9FC1CFC709C07" box="[868,947,1004,1028]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">7 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB85FC1CFAE19C07" authority="Asadeh" authorityName="Asadeh" box="[1048,1314,1003,1028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Vitis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Vitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB85FC1CFB6C9C07" box="[1048,1199,1004,1028]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">V. californica</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB25FC1AFB029C07" bold="true" box="[1208,1217,1003,1028]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">(</emphasis>
Asadeh)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FAB0FC1AFA579C07" bold="true" box="[1325,1428,1003,1028]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Markazi</emphasis>
: Saveh,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FF77FBFEFEF49C24" box="[234,311,1039,1063]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FE07FBE0FDE09C2B" box="[410,547,1040,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE07FBE0FE6B9C2B" box="[410,424,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE2BFBE0FDE09C2B" box="[438,547,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">granatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FDACFBFEFD709C24" box="[561,691,1039,1063]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2000-07-31">31.vii.2000</date>
, (Unknown).
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FCD2FBE1FC619C2B" bold="true" box="[847,930,1040,1064]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Tehran</emphasis>
: Tehran, Evin,
<specimenCount id="1F89FD62D7243945FBCEFBFEFB639C24" box="[1107,1184,1039,1063]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
Ƥ, on
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FA9EFBE1FAB79C2B" box="[1283,1396,1040,1064]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FA9EFBE1FAB79C2B" box="[1283,1396,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Cucurbita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FF03FBC5FE869C4F" box="[158,325,1076,1100]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<date id="7D31102BD7243945FEC5FBC5FE0C9C4F" box="[344,463,1076,1100]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2009-09-22">22.ix.2009</date>
(F. Parsi).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="41956560D7243945FF5AFBA6FD8D9E47" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF5AFBA6FEA79DFF" blockId="66.[151,1437,355,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF5AFBA6FEAC9C73" bold="true" box="[199,367,1111,1136]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">COMMENTS</emphasis>
. The vine mealybug,
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FDFDFBA8FD739C73" box="[608,688,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FDFDFBA8FD739C73" box="[608,688,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is polyphagous on a wide range of host plants, and has been found in most grape production areas throughout the world. The damage by this mealybug has increased on grape in some parts of
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE9CFB51FEF29CB4" box="[257,305,1184,1207]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Iran</collectingCountry>
, especially in
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE78FB51FDDB9CB4" box="[485,536,1184,1207]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fars</collectingCountry>
, during recent years. This mealybug has 5 generations between April and November. After the fifth generation, all stages of
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FD42FB34FCF19CDF" box="[735,818,1220,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Dactylopiidae" genus="Dactylopius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficus">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FD42FB34FCF19CDF" box="[735,818,1220,1244]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded as overwintering on the roots of grape from late November to the following March in Jahrom,
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FCCBFB18FC459D03" box="[854,902,1257,1280]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fars</collectingCountry>
(Fallazadeh
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB85FB18FB919D03" box="[1048,1106,1256,1280]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2009b). The natural enemies of
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF26FAFCFECE9D27" box="[187,269,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. f i c u s</emphasis>
were studied in
<collectingCountry id="7198767BD7243945FE7FFAFCFDD69D27" box="[482,533,1293,1316]" name="Iran" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fars</collectingCountry>
, and some parasitoids and predators associated with
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB0EFAFCFB249D27" box="[1171,1255,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. fi cu s</emphasis>
were recorded (Fallahzadeh
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FEACFAC0FEAF9D4B" box="[305,364,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
2011). In this study the parasitoids
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FC91FAC1FB479D4B" authority="Saraswat, A." authorityName="Saraswat, A." box="[780,1156,1327,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agraensis">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FC91FAC1FC2E9D4B" box="[780,1005,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Anagyrus agraensis</emphasis>
Saraswat,
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FBF1FAC1FB479D4B" box="[1132,1156,1328,1352]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dactylopii (Howard),
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FA19FAC1FE179D6F" authority="Agarwal &amp; Alam, A." authorityName="Agarwal &amp; Alam, A." class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Anagyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirzai">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FA19FAC1FF1C9D6F" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A. mirzai</emphasis>
Agarwal &amp; Alam,
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE21FAA5FE0E9D6F" box="[444,461,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE40FAA5FDA49D6F" box="[477,615,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">pseudococci</emphasis>
(Girault) (
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FD7FFAA5FCBC9D6F" box="[738,895,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FC11FAA5FBC99D6F" box="[908,1034,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB83FAA4FA5B9D6F" authority="Howard" authorityName="Howard" box="[1054,1432,1364,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Leptomastix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dactylopii">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB83FAA4FADC9D6F" box="[1054,1311,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Leptomastix dactylopii</emphasis>
(Howard)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FF0AFA88FE819D93" authority="Mercet" authorityName="Mercet" box="[151,322,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Leptomastix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF0AFA88FF659D93" box="[151,166,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FF29FA89FF2F9D93" box="[180,236,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">flava</emphasis>
Mercet
</taxonomicName>
(Hym.:
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FE02FA86FDDE9D8C" box="[415,541,1399,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FDC3FA89FCB39D93" box="[606,880,1400,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Signiphoridae" genus="Chartocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kurdjumovi">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FDC3FA89FCB39D93" box="[606,880,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Chartocerus kurdjumovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Nikol’skaya) (
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB83FA86FB7B9D8C" box="[1054,1208,1399,1423]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB22FA86FAA29D8C" box="[1215,1377,1399,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Signiphoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Signiphoridae</taxonomicName>
); and secondary parasitoids
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FE04FA6DFCC79DB7" authority="Mercet" authorityName="Mercet" box="[409,772,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Prochiloneurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolivari">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE04FA6DFD699DB7" box="[409,682,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Prochiloneurus bolivari</emphasis>
Mercet
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FC85FA6DFC749DB7" box="[792,951,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FC58FA6DFB839DB7" box="[965,1088,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB1AFA6DFA5F9DB7" box="[1159,1436,1436,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Pachyneuron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscarum">
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FB1AFA6DFA5F9DB7" box="[1159,1436,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Pachyneuron muscarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) (
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FF48FA31FEB79DDB" box="[213,372,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FE1EFA31FDDA9DDB" box="[387,537,1472,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
) were introduced. The plant families
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FC44FA31FBBA9DDB" box="[985,1145,1472,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CE8F4D68D7243945FB24FA31FAF79DDB" box="[1209,1332,1472,1496]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
are new record for
<emphasis id="3BFBEAF9D7243945FE90FA14FE989DFF" box="[269,347,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">P. f ic u s</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="093036EBD7243945FF5AF9F6FD8D9E47" blockId="66.[151,1437,355,1604]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">The accompanying illustraton is taken from Cox (1989) with kind permission from the Keeper of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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